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DARTMOUTH. 



THE HISTORY 



OP 



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Dartmouth College 



BAXTER PERRY SMTH. 




BOSTON: 
HOUGHTON, OSGOOD AND COMPANY. 



1878. 



v< 



Copyright, 1878, 
Bt BAXTER PERRY SMITH. 



The Riverside Press, Cambridge : 
Printed by H. O. Houghton and Company. 



PREFACE 



In the preparation of this work the writer has deemed it 
better to let history, as far as possible, tell its own story, re- 
garding reliability as preferable to unity of style. 

The imperfect records of all our older literary institutions, 
limit their written history, in large measure, to a record of 
the lives and labors of their teachers. 

To the many friends of the college, and others, who have 
kindly given their aid, the writer is under large obligations. 

The following names deserve especial notice : Hon. Robert 
C. Winthrop, Hon. Charles L. Woodbury, Hon. R. R. Bishop, 
Wm. H. Duncan, Esq., Richard B. Kimball, Esq., Rev. Eden 
B. Foster, D. D., Hon. James Barrett, N. C. Berry, Esq., 
Dr. F. E. Oliver, Hon. J. E. Sargent, Dr. C. A. Walker, 
Hon. A. O. Brewster, Hon. A. A. Ranney, Dr. W. M. Cham- 
berlain, Hon. James W. Patterson, Rev. Carlos Slafter, Hon. 
J. B. D. Cogswell, Gen. John Eaton, Rev. H. A. Hazen, 
Rev. S. L. B. Speare, H. N. Twombly, Esq., Caleb Blodgett, 
Esq., Hon. Benj. F. Prescott, Dr. C. H. Spring, Prof. C. O. 
Thompson, Hon. Frederic . Chase, Rev. W. J. Tucker, D. D., 
L. G. Farmer, Esq., and N. W. Ladd, Esq. 

With profound gratitude he mentions also the name of Hon. 
Nathan Crosby, but for whose valuable pecuniary aid the 
publication of the work must have been delayed ; and the 
names of Hon. Joel Parker, Hon. William P. Haines, Hon. 
John P. Healy, Hon. Lincoln F. Brigham, John D. Philbrick, 



iv PREFACE. 

Esq., Dr. Jabez B. Upham, Hon. Harvey Jewell, and Hon. 
Walbridge A. Field, who have aided in a similar manner. 
Particular mention should also be made of the kindness of 
gentlemen connected with numerous libraries, especially that 
of Mr. John Ward Deane, and Mr. Albert H. Hoyt, and the 
late J. Wingate Thornton, Esq., of the New England Historic- 
Genealogical Society, by whose kindness the writer was fur- 
nished with the valuable letter from David McClure to Gen- 
eral Knox, and Rev. Alonzo H. Quint, D. D., and Dr. Samuel 
A. Green, of the Massachusetts Historical Society, to whom 
he is indebted for the invaluable list of English donations 
given in the Appendix. Valuable aid has been rendered also 
by Messrs. Kimball and Secor, of the New Hampshire State 
and State Historical Society Libraries, at Concord. In this 
connection the well known names of W. S. Butler, Prof. F. B. 
Dexter, Hon. C. J. Hoadley, F. B. Perkins, Hon. J. Ham- 
mond Trumbull, and Hon. E. P. Walton also deserve notice. 

The writer is deeply indebted to Hon. John Wentworth, of 
Chicago, for his kindness in examining the more important 
portions of the work previous to its publication. 

For the carefully-prepared draught of the original college 
edifice, the writer is indebted to the artistic skill of Mr. Ar- 
thur Bruce Colburn. 

In closing, especial mention should be made of the kind- 
ness of Prof. Charles Hammond, Marcus D. Gilman, Esq., 
and others representing the family of the founder, of the 
family of Hon. Elisha Payne, an early and honored Trustee, 
of the Trustees and Faculty of i]xil college, and the courteous 
liberality of the publishers. 

BAXTER P. SMITH. 

Brookline, Mass., June, 187 8. 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 

PAGE 

Introduction 1 

CHAPTER 11. 

Ancestry and Early Life op Eleazar Wheelock. — His Settle- 
ment AT Lebanon. — Establishment op the Indian Charity 
School. — Mr, Joshua More . _ 6 

CHAPTER in. 

Education in New Hampshire. — Action in Regard to a Col- 
lege. — Testimonial op Connecticut Clergymen. — Legislative 
Grant to Mr. Wheelock 15 

CHAPTER IV. 

A College Contemplated by Mr. Wheelock. — Lord Dart- 
mouth. — OccoM AND Whitaker IN Great Britain . . .23 

CHAPTER V. 

Sir William Johnson. — Explorations for a Location. — Advice 
OF English Trustees 29 

CHAPTER VI. 
A College Charter 40 

CHAPTER VII. 

President Wheelock's Personal Explorations in New Hamp- 
shire. — Location at Hanover 49 

CHAPTER VIIL 

Commencement op Operations. — Course of Study. — Policy op 
Administration 57 

CHAPTER IX. 

Progress to the Death op President Wheelock. — Prominent 
Features op his Character 65 



VI CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER X. 

Progress during the Administration of the Second President, 
John Wheelock 76 

CHAPTER XL 

Lack op Harmony bettveen President Wheelock and other 
Trustees. — Removal of the President from Office. — Esti- 
mate op his Character 88 

CHAPTER XII. 

Administration op President Brown, — Contest between the 
College and the State. — Triumph of the College . . . 100 

CHAPTER XIII. 

Character of President Brown. — Tributes by Professor Had- 
dock and Rufus Choate 117 

CHAPTER XIV. 

Progress from 1820 to 1828. — Administrations of President 
Dana and President Tyler 126 

CHAPTER XV. 
Inauguration of President Lord 143 

CHAPTER XVL 

The Policy of the College, its Progress and Enlargement 
UNDER President Lord's Administration from 1828 to 1863 . 157 

CHAPTER XVIL 
Character of President Lord 168 

CHAPTER XVIII. 
Administration of President Smith 177 

CHAPTER XIX. 
Inauguration of President Bartlett 190 

CHAPTER XX. 

Prof. John Smith. — Prof. Sylvanub Ripley. — Prof. Bezaleel 
Woodward 211 

CHAPTER XXI. 
Prof. John Hubbard. — Prof. Roswell Shurtleff .... 225 

CHAPTER XXII. 

Prop. Ebenezer Adams. — Prof. Zephaniah S. Moore. — Prop. 
Charles B. Haddock 241 



CONTENTS. Vll 

CHAPTER XXIII. 

Peof. William Chamberlain. — Prof. Daniel Oliver. — Prof. 
James Freeman Dana 256 

CHAPTER XXIV. 

Prof. Benjamin Hale. — Prof. Alpheus Crosby. — Prof. Ira 
Young .276 

CHAPTER XXV. 

Prof. Stephen Chase. — Prof. David Peabody. — Prof. William 
Cogswell 298 

CHAPTER XXVI. 

Prof. John Newton Putnam. — Prof. John S. Woodman. — Prop. 
Clement Long. — Other Teachers 316 

CHAPTER XXVII. 

Medical Department. — Professors Nathan Smith, Reuben D. 
MussEY, Dixi Crosby, Edmund R. Peaslee, Albert Smith, and 
Alpheus B. Crosby — Other Teachers 339 

CHAPTER XXVin. 

The Chandler Scientific Department. — The Agricultural De- 
partment. — The Thayer Depart3ient of Civil Engineering . 367 

CHAPTER XXIX. 
Benefactors. — Trustees 380 

CHAPTER XXX. 
Labors of Dartmouth Alumni. — Conclusion 395 




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DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



CHAPTER I. 

INTRODUCTION. 

The most valuable part of a nation's history portrays its 
institutions of learning and religion. 

The alumni of a college which has moulded the intellectual 
and moral character of not a few of the illustrious living, or 
the more illustrious dead, — the oldest college in the valley of 
the Connecticut, and the only college in an ancient and hon- 
ored State, — would neglect a most fitting and beautiful ser- 
vice, should they suffer the cycles of a century to pass, with- 
out gathering in some modest urn the ashes of its revered 
founders, or writing on some modest tablet the names of its 
most distinguished sons. 

The germ of Dartmouth College was a deep-seated and 
long-cherished desire, of the foremost of its founders, to ele- 
vate the Indian race in America. 

The Christian fathers of New England were not unmind- 
ful of the claims of the Aborigines. The well-directed, 
patient, and successful labors of the Eliots, Cotton, and the 
Mayhews, and the scarcely less valuable labors of Treat and 
others, fill a bright page in the religious history of the seven- 
teenth century. To numerous congregations of red men 
the gospel was preached; many were converted; churches 
were gathered, and the whole Bible — the first printed in 
America — was given them in their own language. 

This interest in the Indian was not confined to our own 
country, in the earlier periods of our histor3^ In Great 
Britain, sovereigns, ecclesiastics, and philosophers recognized 
1 



2 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

the obligations providentially imposed upon them, to aid 
in giving a Christian civilization to their swarthy breth- 
ren, who were sitting in the thickest darkness of heathen- 
ism in the primeval forests of the New World. Societies, 
as well as individuals, manifested a deep and practical interest 
in the work. 

We can only touch upon some of the more salient points of 
this subject. But it is especially worthy of note, that the ele- 
vation of the Indian race, by the education of its youth, was 
not an idea of New England, nor indeed of American, birth. 

In Stith's " History of Virginia " (p. 162), we find in sub- 
stance the following statements : At an early period in the 
history of this State, attempts were made to establish an in- 
stitution of learning of a high order. In 1619, the treasurer 
of the Virginia Company, Sir Edwin Sandys, received from 
an unknown hand five hundred pounds, to be applied by the 
Company to the education of a certainr' number of Indian 
youths in the English language and in the Christian religion. 
Other sums of money were also procured, and there was a 
prospect of being able to raise four or five thousand pounds, 
for the endowment of a college. The king favored the design, 
and recommended to the bishops to have collections made in 
their dioceses, and some fifteen hundred pounds were gathered 
on this recommendation. The college was designed for the 
instruction of English, as well as Indian, youths. The Com- 
pany appropriated ten thousand acres of land to this purpose, 
at Henrico, on James River, a little below the present site of 
Richmond. The plan of the college was, to place tenants at 
halves on these lands, and to derive its income from the profits. 
The enterprise was abandoned in consequence of the great 
Indian massacre, in 1622, although operations had been com- 
menced, and a competent person had been secured to act as 
president. This is believed to have been the first effort to 
found a college in America. 

Passing to the middle of the century, we find the distin- 
guished Christian philosopher, Robert Boyle, appointed gov- 
ernor of " a company incorporated for the propagation of the 
gospel among the heathen natives of New England, and the 
parts adjacent in America," and that, after his decease, in 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 3 

1691, a portion of his estate was given, by the executors of 
his will, to William and Mary's College, which was possibly, 
in a measure, the outgrowth of the efforts of Mr. Sandys and 
his coadjutors, for the support of Indian students. 

In 1728, Col. William Byrd, in writing upon this subject, 
laments '' the bad success Mr. Boyle's charity has had in con- 
verting the natives," which was owing in part, at least, to the 
fact, that the interest of their white brethren in their welfare 
was confined chiefly to their residence at college. 

Pursuing these researches, we come to the name of another 
distinguished British scholar and divine, George Berkeley, who 
has been styled " the philosopher " of the reign of George II. 

We quote a portion of a letter relating to his educational 
plans, from Dean Swift to Lord Carteret, Lieutenant of Ire- 
land, dated Sept. 3, 1724, in which he says : 

" He showed me a little tract which he designs to publish, 
and there your Excellency will see his whole scheme of a life 
academico-philosophic, of a college at Bermuda for Indian 
scholars and missionaries. I discourage him by the coldness 
of courts and ministers, who will interpret all this as impos- 
sible and a vision, but nothing will do. And therefore I do 
humbly entreat your Excellency either to use such persua- 
sions as will keep one of the first men in this kingdom for 
learning and virtue quiet at home, or assist him by your credit 
to compass his romantic design, which, however, is very noble 
and generous, and directly proper for a great person of your 
excellent education to encourage." 

The pamphlet alluded to begins, as one of his biographers 
informs us, by lamenting " that there is at this day little sense 
of religion and a most notorious corruption of manners in the 
English colonies settled on the continent of America, and the 
islands," and that " the Gospel hath hitherto made but very 
inconsiderable progress among the neighboring Americans, who 
still continue in much the same ignorance and barbarism in 
which we found them above a hundred years ago." After 
stating what he believes to be the causes of this state of things, 
he propounds his plan of training young natives, as missionaries 
to their countrymen, and educating "the youth of our English 
plantations," to fill the pulpits of the colonial churches. His 



4 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

biographer is doubtless correct in the opinion, that " it was on 
the savages, evidently, that he had his heart." 

He obtained a charter from the crown for his proposed col- 
lege, and a promise, never fulfilled, of large pecuniary aid 
from the government, and early in 1729 he arrived in America, 
settling temporarily at Newport, R. I. Failing to accomplish 
his purpose, he remained in this country but two or three 
years, yet long enough to form the acquaintance of many 
eminent men, and among them President Williams, of Yale 
College. 

Finding that there was no prospect of receiving the promised 
aid for his college, Berkeley returned to England in 1731. 
Soon after, in addition to a large and valuable donation of 
books for the library, he sent as a gift, to Yale, a deed of 
his farm in Rhode Island, the rents of which he directed to 
be appropriated to the maintenance or aid of meritorious resir 
dent graduates or under-graduates. 

Although he failed to carry out his plan of establishing a 
college himself, in America, perhaps he " builded better than 
he knew." Most fitting is it, as we shall see hereafter, for 
the current literature of our day to place in intimate associa- 
tion, the names of Boyle, Berkeley, and Dartmouth. 

Passing to 1734, we find Rev. John Sergeant commencing 
missionary labor among the Indians at Stockbridge, Mass. 
After a trial of a few years, he writes in a manner showing 
very plainly that he believes civilization essential to any per- 
manent success. In one of his letters to Rev. Dr. Colman, 
of Boston, he says : " What I propose, in general, is, to take 
such a method in the education of our Indian children as 
shall in the most effectual manner change their whole manner 
of thinking and acting, and raise them as far as possible into 
the condition of a civil, industrious, and polished people, while 
at the same time the principles of virtue and piety shall be 
instilled into their minds in a way that will make the most 
lasting impression, and withal to introduce the English lan- 
guage among them instead of their own barbarous dialect." 

" And now to accomplish this design, I propose to procure 
an accommodation of 200 acres of land in this place (which 
may be had gratis of the Indian proprietors), and to erect a 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 5 

house on it such as shall be thought convenient for a begin- 
ning, and in it to maintain a number of children and youth.'* 
He proposes " to have their time so divided between study 
and labor that one shall be the diversion of the other, so that 
as little time as possible may be lost in idleness," and, " to 
take into the number, upon certain conditions, youths from 
any of the other tribes around." His plan included both sexes. 
Mr. Sergeant died in 1749. Besides accomplishing much him- 
self, he laid the foundations for the subsequent labors of Jon- 
athan Edwards. 

This rapid glance at the earlier efforts in behalf of the 
Aborigines of our country, shows that the next actor upon the 
stage, undaunted by any lack of success on their part, meas- 
urably followed in the footsteps of learned and philanthropic 
predecessors. 



CHAPTER II. 

ANCESTRY AND EARLY LIFE OF ELEAZAR WHEELOCK. — 
HIS SETTLEMENT AT LEBANON, CONN. — ESTABLISHMENT 
OF THE INDIAN CHARITY SCHOOL. — MR. JOSHUA MORE. 

Eleazar Wheelock, the leading founder of Dartmouth 
College, was a great-grandson of Ralph Wheelock, a native of 
Shropshire, in England, through whom Dartmouth traces her 
academic ancestry to the ancient and venerable Clare Hall, at 
Cambridge, where he graduated in 1626, the contemporary 
of Thomas Dudley, Samuel Eaton, John Milton, John Norton, 
Thomas Shepard, and Samuel vStone. 

Coming a few years later to this country, he became a use- 
ful and an honored citizen of the then new, but now old, 
historic town of Dedham, from which place he removed to 
Medfield, being styled " founder " of that town, where he re- 
mained till his death. He devoted his time largely to teach- 
ing, although, having been educated for the ministry, he ren- 
dered valuable service to the infant community as an occasional 
preacher. His name is also conspicuous among the magis- 
trates and legislators of that period.^ 

In the character of his son, Eleazar Wheelock, of Mendon, 
we are told there was a union of " the Christian and the 
soldier." Having command of a corps of cavalry, he was 
" very successful in repelling the irruptions of the Indians," 
although he treated them with " great kindness," in times of 
peace. From him, his grandson and namesake received " a 
handsome legacy for defraying the expenses of his public 
education," and from him, too, he doubtless acquired, in some 

1 His daughter Rebecca married John Craft, whose birth is the earliest on 
record among the pioneer settlers at Roxbury. Some of his descendants (by an- 
other marriage) are conspicuous in history Medfield records connect the names 
of Fuller, Chenery, and Morse with the Wheelock family. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 7 

measure, that peculiar interest in the Indian race which so 
largely moulded his character and guided the labors of his 
life. 

Near the time of Ralph Wheelock's arrival in America, 
were two other arrivals worthy of notice : that of Thomas 
Hooker, at Cambridge, " the one rich pearl with which 
Europe more than repaid America for the treasures from 
her coasts," and that of the widowed Margaret Huntington, 
at Roxbur}^, of which there is still a well-preserved record, 
in the handwriting of John Eliot. The guiding and control- 
ling influence of Hooker's masterly mind upon all, whether 
laymen or divines, with whom he came in contact, must be 
apparent to those who are familiar with the biography of one, 
to whom the learned and religious institutions of New Eng- 
land are more indebted, perhaps, than to any other single 
person. Hooker's settlement at Hartford is fitly styled " the 
founding of Connecticut." 

When a little later the family of Margaret Huntington set- 
tled at Say brook, their youthful pastor, who was just gather- 
ing a church, was James Fitch, a worthy pupil of Thomas 
Hooker. Not satisfied with their location, pastor and people 
sought an inland home, and in 1660 laid the foundations of 
what is now the large and flourishing town of Norwich. 
From this time Huntington and Fitch are honored names 
in the history of Connecticut. 

A quarter of a century after the settlement of Norwich, 
an English refugee from religious oppression began the settle- 
ment of the neighboring town of Windham. To this place, 
Ralph Whe clock the younger, a grandson of the Dedham 
teacher and preacher, was attracted, marrying about the same 
time, Ruth, daughter of Dea. Christopher Huntington, of Nor- 
wich. Mr. Ralph Wheelock was a respectable farmer, uni- 
versally esteemed for his hospitality, his piety, and the vir- 
tues that adorn the Christian character, and in his later years 
was an officer of the church. 

Of Mrs. Wheelock, it is said : ^ " Every tradition respecting 
her makes her a woman of unusual intelligence and rare piety. 
Her home, the main theatre of her life, was blessed equally by 
her timely instructions, her holy example, and the administra- 

1 Huntington Family Memoir, p. 78. 



8 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

tion of a gentle yet firm discipline." Their son Eleazar wa3 
born at Windham, April 22, 1711. 

The first minister of this honored town was Rev. Samuel 
Whiting, a native of Hartford, and trained in the "Hooker 
School." For a helpmeet he had secured a lineal descendant 
of that noble and revered puritan, Gov. Wm. Bradford. The 
labors of this worthy pair were largely blessed to their people. 
At one period, in a population of hundreds, it is said "the 
town did not contain a single prayerless family." 

Thus kindly and wisely did the Master arrange, by long 
and closely blended lines of events, that the most genial influ- 
ences should surround the cradle of one for whom He de- 
signed eminent service and peculiar honor. 

The mother of Eleazar Wheelock having died in 1725, for 
a second wife his father married a lady named Standish, a dcr 
scendant of Myles Standish, whose heroic character she per- 
haps impressed, in some measure, upon her adopted son. 
*' Being an only son," says his biographer,^ " and discovering, 
at an early age, a lively genius, a taste for learning, with a 
very amiable disposition, he was placed by his father under 
the best instructors that could then be obtained." At "about 
the age of sixteen, while qualifying himself for admission 
to college, it pleased God to impress his mind with serious con- 
cern for his salvation. After earnest, prayerful inquir}^, he 
was enlightened and comforted with that hope in the Saviour, 
which afterwards proved the animating spring of his abundant 
labors to promote the best interests of mankind." At the 
time of his admission to the Windham church, the distin- 
guished Thomas Clap was its pastor. 

Having made the requisite preparation, he entered Yale 
College, of which President Williams was then at the head, 
" with a resolution to devote himself to the work of the Gospel 
ministry." Among his college contemporaries were Joseph 
Bellamy and President Aaron Burr. 

" His proficiency in study, and his exemplary deportment, 
engaged the notice and esteem of the rector and instructors, 
and the love of the students. He and his future brother-in- 
law, the late Rev. Doctor Pomeroy of Hebron, in Connecticut, 
were the first who received the interest of the legacy, gen- 
1 Memoirs of Wheelock, by McClure and Parish. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 9 

erously given by the Rev. Dean Berkeley," for excellence in 
classical scholarship. 

Soon after his graduation, in 1733, he commenced preaching. 
Having declined a call from Long Island, to settle in the 
ministry, he accepted a unanimous invitation from the Second 
Congregational Society in Lebanon, Connecticut, and was or- 
dained in June, 1735. 

This town occupies a conspicuous place in American history ; 
for, whoever traces the lineage of some of the most illus- 
trious names that grace its pages, finds his path lying to or 
through this " valley of cedars," in Eastern Connecticut. Here 
the patient, heroic Huguenot aided in laying foundations for 
all good institutions. Here the learned, indefatigable Tis- 
dale taught with distinguished success. Here lived those 
eminent patriots, the Trumbulls. By birth or ancestry, the 
honored names of Smalle}^, Ticknor, Marsh, and Mason, are 
associated with this venerable town. 

Mr. Wheelock's parish was in the northern and most re- 
tired part of the town, and the least inviting, perhaps, in its 
physical aspects and natural ^resources. The products of a 
rugged soil furnished the industrious inhabitants with a com- 
fortable subsistence, but left nothing for luxury. It was at 
that period a quiet agricultural community, living largely 
within itself. As at the present day, there was but one church 
within the territorial limits of the parish. The " council of 
nine," selected from the more discreet of the male members, 
somewhat in accordance with Presbyterian usage, aided in 
the administration of a careful and thorough discipline. 

There can be no doubt that Mr. Wheelock was accounted 
one of the leading preachers and divines of his day. Both as 
a pastor, and the associate of the eminent men who were 
prominent in the great revival which marked the middle of 
the last century, his labors were crowned with large success. 
Rev. Dr. Burroughs, who knew him intimately, says : " As a 
preacher, his aim was to reach the conscience. He studied 
great plainness of speech, and adapted his discourse to every 
capacity, that he might be understood by all." His pupil. Dr. 
Trumbull, the historian, says : " He was a gentleman of a 
comely figure, of a mild and winning aspect, his voice smooth 



10 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

and harmonious, the best by far that I ever heard. He had 
the entire command of it. His gesture was natural, but not 
redundant. His preaching and addresses were close and pun- 
gent, and yet winning beyond almost all comparison." ^ By 
an intermarriage of their relatives, he was allied to the family 
of Jonathan Edwards, whose high regard for him is sufficiently 
indicated in a letter dated Northampton, June 9, 1741, from 
which we make brief extracts. " There has been a reviving 
of religion of late amongst us, but your labors have been much 
more remarkably blessed than mine. May God send 3^ou 
hither with the like blessing as He has sent you to some other 
places, and may j^^our coming be a means to humble me for my 
barrenness and unprofitableness, and a means of my instruc- 
tion and enlivening. I want an opportunity to concert meas- 
ures with you, for the advancement of the kingdom and glory 
of the Redeemer." 

We are fortunate in having the testimony of a member of 
his own family, in regard to the beginning of Mr. Wheelock's 
more practical interest in the unfortunate Aborigines. His 
grandson, Rev. William Patten, D. D., says,^ " One evening 
after a religious conference with a number of his people at 
Lebanon, he walked out, as he usually did on summer even- 
ings, for meditation and prayer; and in his retirement his 
attention was led to the neglect [from lack of means] of his 
people in providing for his support. It occurred to him, with 
peculiar clearness, that if they furnished him with but half a 
living, they were entitled to no more than half his labors. 
And he concluded that they were left to such neglect, to teach 
him that part of his labors ought to be directed to other ob- 
jects. He then inquired what objects were most in want of 
assistance. And it occurred to him, almost instantaneously, 
that the Indians were the most proper objects of the charita- 
ble attention of Christians. He then determined to devote 
half of his time to them." 

We will now allow this eminent Christian philanthropist to 
speak for himself. In his " Narrative," for the period ending 

1 The venerable Prof. Stowe states that, when a professor in the College, he was 
informed by an aged man, living in the vicinity, that President Wheelock's earnest- 
ness in preaching at times led him to leave the pulpit, and appeal to individuals 
in his audience. 

2 Memoirs of Wheelock, p. 177. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 11 

in 1762, after referring to the too general lack of interest in 
the Indian, he says : 

" It has seemed to me, he must be stupidly indifferent to 
the Redeemer's cause and interest in the world, and criminally 
deaf and blind to the intimations of the favor and displeasure 
of God in the dispensations of His Providence, who could not 
perceive plain intimations of God's displeasure against us for 
this neglect, inscribed in capitals, on the very front of divine 
dispensations, from year to year, in permitting the savages to 
be such a sore scourge to our land, and make such depreda- 
tions on our frontiers, inhumanly butchering and captivating 
our people, not only in a time of war, but when we had good 
reason to think (if ever we had) that we dwelt safely by them. 
And there is good reason to think that if one half which 
has been expended for so many years past in building forts, 
manning, and supporting them, had been prudently laid out 
in supporting faithful missionaries and schoolmasters among 
them, the instructed and civilized party would have been a 
far better defence than all our expensive fortresses, and pre- 
vented the laying waste so many towns and villages ; witness 
the consequence, of sending Mr. Sergeant to Stockbridge, 
which was in the very road by which they most usually came 
upon our people, and by which there has never been one at- 
tack made upon us since his going there." After referring 
to the ordinary obligations of humanity, patriotism, and re- 
ligion, he says : 

" As there were few or none who seemed to lay the neces- 
sity and importance of Christianizing the natives so much to 
heart as to exert themselves in earnest and lead the way 
therein, I was naturally put upon consideration and inquiry 
what methods might have the greatest probability of success ; 
and upon the whole was fully persuaded that this, which I have 
been pursuing, had by far the greatest probability of any that 
had been proposed, viz. : by the mission of their own [educated] 
sons in conjunction with the English ; and that a number of 
girls should also be instructed in whatever should be neces- 
sary to render them fit to perform the female part, as house- 
wives, school-mistresses, and tailoresses. The influence of 
their own sons among them will likely be much greater than 



12 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

of any Englishmen whatsoever. There is no such thing as 
sending English missionaries, or setting up English schools 
among them, to any good purpose, in most places, as their 
temper, state, and condition have been and still are." In il- 
lustration of his theory, he refers to the education, by the 
assistance of the " Honorable London Commissioners," ^ of Mr. 
Samson Occom, " one of the Mohegan tribe, who has several 
years been a useful school-master and successful preacher of 
the Gospel." 2 

" After seeing the success of this attempt," he continues, 
" I was more encouraged to hope that such a method might 
be very successful, and above eight years ago I wrote to Rev. 
John Brainerd [brother of the distinguished David Brainerd], 
missionary in New Jersey, desiring him to send me two likely 
boys for this purpose, of the Delaware tribe. He accordingly 
sent me John Pumpshire in the fourteenth, and Jacob Wool- 
ley in the eleventh years of their age. They arrived Decem- 
ber 18, 1754. 

" Sometime after these boys came, the affair appearing with 
an agreeable aspect, I represented it to Col. Elisha Williams, 
late Rector of Yale College, and Rev. Messrs. Samuel Mose- 
ley, of Windham, and Benjamin Pomeroy, of Hebron, and in- 
vited them to join me. They readily accepted the invitation. 
And Mr. Joshua Moor,^ late of Mansfield, deceased, appeared, 
to give a small tenement in this place [Lebanon], for the 
foundation, use and support of a charity school, for the edu- 
cation of Indian youth, etc." Mr. More's grant contained 
" about two acres of pasturing, and a small house and shop," 
near Mr. Wheelock's residence. 

This gentleman was one of the more prominent of the early 
settlers at Mansfield. He owned and resided upon a large 
estate on the Willimantic river, a few miles north of the 
present site of the village bearing that name. There is suffi- 
cient evidence to warrant the belief, that the first husband of 
Mr. More's mother was Mr. Thomas Howard (or Harwood), 

1 Agents of the Corporation in London referred to on page 2, of which Robert 
Boyle was governor. 

2 See Appendix. 

8 Mr. M.'s own orthograph}'^ is More. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 13 

of Norwich, who was slain in the memorable fight at Narra- 
gansett Fort, in December, 1675, and that her maiden name 
was Mary Wellman. From the church records, he appears 
to have been of a professedly religious character, as early as 
1721. As his residence was in the neighborhood of Mr. 
Wheelock's early home, and but little farther removed from 
Lebanon " Crank," as the north parish in that tpwn was 
styled, Mr. More had ample opportunities for a thorough ac- 
quaintance with the person to whom he now generously ex- 
tended a helping hand. It is not known that this worthy 
man left any posterity, to perpetuate a name which will be 
cherished with tender regard, so long as the institution to 
which he furnished a home, in its infancy, shall have an ex- 
istence. 

In a summary of his work for the eight years, Mr. Whee- 
lock says : ■' I have had two upon my hands since 1754, four 
since April, 1757, five since April, 1759, seven since Novem- 
ber, 1760, and eleven since August, .1761. And for some 
time I have had twenty-five, three of the number English 
youth. One of the Indian lads, Jacob Woolley, is now in his 
last year at New Jersey College." 

There is reason to believe that Occom would have taken a 
collegiate course, but for the partial failure of his health. On 
the whole, we are fully warranted in the opinion that, from 
the outset, Mr. Wheelock designed to have all his missiona- 
ries, whether Indian or English, " thoroughly furnished " for 
their work. 

Before closing the " Narrative," he gives an interesting ac- 
count of material resources. 

" The Honorable London Commissioners, hearing of the 
design, inquired into it, and encouraged it by an allowance of 
£12 lawful money, by their vote November 12, 1756. And 
again in the year 1758 they allowed me £20; and in Novem- 
ber 4, 1760, granted me an annual allowance of £20 for my 
assistance; and in October 8, 1761, they granted me £12 
towards the support of Isaiah Uncas, son of the Sachem of 
Mohegan, and XIO more for his support the following year. 
In October, 1756, I received a legacy of fifty-nine dollars of 
Mrs. Ann Bingham, of Windham. In July, 1761, I received 



14 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

a generous donation of fifty pounds sterling from the Right 
Hon. William, Marquis of Lothian ; and in November, 1761, 
a donation of £25 sterling from Mr. Hardy, of London ; and 
in May, 1762, a second donation of £50 sterling from that 
most honorable and noble lord, the Marquis of Lothian ; and, 
at the same time, £20 sterling from Mr. Samuel Savage, mer- 
chant in London ; and a collection of ten guineas from the 
Rev. Dr. A. Gifford, in London ; and XlO sterling more 
from a lady in London, unknown, which is still in the hands 
of a friend, and to be remitted with some additional advan- 
tage, and to be accounted for when received. And, also, for 
seven years past, I have, one year with another, received about 
£11 lawful money, annually, interest of subscriptions. And in 
my journey to Portsmouth last June, I received, in private 
donations, £66 lis. 7^d.., lawful money. I also received, for 
the use of this school, a bell of about 80 lb. weight, from a 
gentleman in London. The Honorable Scotch Commission ers,^ 
in and near Boston, understanding and approving of the de- 
sign of sending for Indian children of remote tribes to be edu- 
cated here, were the first body, or society, who have led 
the way in making an attempt for that purpose. While I 
was in Boston they passed a vote, May 7, 1761, ' that the 
Reverend Mr. Wheelock, of Lebanon, be desired to fit out 
David Fowler, an Indian youth, to accompany Mr. Samson 
Occom, going on a mission to the Oneidas; that said David 
be supported on said mission for a term not exceeding four 
months ; and that he endeavor, on his return, to bring with 
him a number of Indian boys, not exceeding three, to be put 
under Mr. Wheelock's care and instruction, and that <£20 be 
put into Mr. Wheelock's hands to carry this design into ex- 
ecution.' In November, 1761, the Great and General Court 
or Assembly of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, voted 
that I should be allowed to take under my care six children of 
the Six Nations, for education, clothing, and boarding, and be 
allowed for that purpose, for each of said children, £12 per 
annum for one year." ^ 

1 Agents of the Scotch " Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge." 

2 For tribes represented in the school, and other donors to the school and col- 
lege, see Appendix. 



CHAPTER III. 

EDUCATION IN NEW HAMPSHIRE. — ACTION IN REGARD TO A 
COLLEGE. — TESTIMONIAL OF CONNECTICUT CLERGYMEN.— 
LEGISLATIVE GRANT TO MR. WHEELOCK. 

The importance of education to the welfare of any com- 
munity, has been duly appreciated by the people of New 
Hampshire from the earliest periods of her history. 

Such an item as the following is worthy of notice : 

" At a publique Town Meeting held the 5 : 2 mo. 58 [1658,] 
It is agreed that Twenty pounds pr annum shall be yearly 
rayzed for the mayntenance of a School-master in the Town 
of Dover." ^ Harvard College being in need of a new build- 
ing in 1669, the inhabitants of Portsmouth " subscribed sixty 
pounds, which sum they agreed to pay annually for seven 
years to the overseers of Harvard College. Dover gave thirty- 
two pounds, and Exeter ten pounds for the same purpose." ^ 
Very few towns at the present day are as liberal, in proportion 
to their ability. 

Classical schools were established in all the more populous 
towns, and these were furnished with competent teachers, who 
were graduates of Harvard College, or European universities. 

In 1758, in the midst of the din and tumult of the French 
war, we find the clergy — ever among the foremost in laudable 
enterprise — making an earnest effort for increased facilities 
for liberal education. 

We give official records : 

" The Convention of the Congregational Ministers in the 
Province of New Hampshire, being held at the house of the 

1 Dover Town Records. 

2 Adams's Annals of Portsmouth, p. 50. 



16 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

Eev. Mr. Pike in Somerswortli on the 26th day of Sept. 1758 : 
The Rev. Joseph Adams was chosen Moderator." After the 
sermon and transaction of some business : 

" The Convention then taking into consideration the great 
advantages which may arise, both to the Churches and State 
from the erecting [an] Academy or College in this Province, 
unanimously Voted that the following Petition shall be pre- 
ferred to the Governor, desiring him to grant a Charter for 
said purpose : 

*' To his Excellency, Benning Wentworth, Esq., Capt. -Gen- 
eral and Governor-in-Chief in and over his Majesty's Prov- 
ince of New Hampshire in New England. May it please 
your Excellency, — 

" We, the Ministers of the Congregational Churches in this 
Province of New Hampshire under your Excellency's Govern- 
ment now assembled in an Annual Convention in Somers- 
worth, as has been our custom for several years past, the 
design of which is to pray together for his Majesty and Gov- 
ernment, and to consult the interests of religion and virtue, 
for our mutual assistance and encouragement in our proper 
business : Beg leave to present a request to your Excellency in 
behalf of literature, which proceeds, not from any private or 
party views in us, but our desire to serve the Government 
and religion by laying a foundation for the best instruction of 
youth. We doubt not your Excellency is sensible of the great 
advantages of learning, and the difficulties which attend the 
education of youth in this Province, by reason of our distance 
from any of the seats of learning, the discredit of our medium, 
etc. We have reason to hope that by an interest among our 
people, and some favor from the Government, we may be able 
in a little time to raise a sufficient fund for erecting and carry- 
ing on an Academy or College within this Province, without 
prejudice to any other such seminary in neighboring Colonies, 
provided your Excellency will be pleased to grant to us, a 
number of us, or any other trustees, whom your Excellency 
shall think proper to appoint, a good and sufficient charter, 
by which they may be empowered to choose a President, Pro- 
fessors, Tutors, or other officers, and regulate all matters be- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 17 

longing to such a society. We therefore now humbly petition 
your Excellency to grant such a charter as may, in the best 
manner, answer such a design and intrust it with our Com- 
mittee, viz. : Messrs. Joseph Adams, James Pike, John Moody, 
Ward Cotton, Nathaniel Gookin, Woodbridge Odlin, Samuel 
Langdon, and Samuel Haven, our brethren, whom we have 
now chosen to wait upon your Excellency with this our peti- 
tion, that we may use our influence with our people to pro- 
mote so good a design, by generous subscriptions, and that we 
may farther petition the General Court for such assistance, as 
they shall think necessary. We are persuaded, if your Excel- 
lency will first of all favor us with such a charter, we shall be 
able soon to make use of it for the public benefit ; and that 
your Excellency's name will forever be remembered with 
honor. If, after trial, we cannot accomplish it, we promise 
to return the charter with all thankfulness for your Excel- 
lency's good disposition. It is our constant prayer that God 
would prosper your Excellency's administration, and we beg 
leave to subscribe ourselves your Excellency's most obedient 
servants. Joseph Adams, Moderator. 

*' Proceedings attested by Samuel Haven, Clerk." 

" The Convention of Congregational Ministers in the Prov- 
ince of New Hampshire being held at the house of the Rev. 
Mr. Joseph Adams in Newington on the 25th of September, 
1759, the Rev. Mr. Adams was chosen Moderator. We then 
went to the house of God. After prayer and a sermon : 

" A draught of a charter for a college in this Province being 
read : Voted, That the said charter is for substance agreeable 
to the mind of the Convention. Whereas a committee chosen 
last year to prefer a petition to his Excellency the Governor 
for a charter of a college in this Province have given a verbal 
account to this Convention of their proceedings and conver- 
sation with the Governor upon said affair, by which, not- 
withstanding the Governor manifests some unwillingness, at 
present, to grant a charter agreeable to the Convention, yet 
there remains some hope, that after maturer consideration and 
advice of Council, his Excellency will grant such a charter as 
will be agreeable to us and our people, therefore. Voted, that 



18 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

Rev. Messrs. Joseph Adams, James Pike, Ward Cotton, Sam- 
uel Parsons, Nathaniel Gookin, Samuel Langdon, and Samuel 
Haven, or a major part of them, be and hereby are a Commit- 
tee of this Convention, to do everything which to them shall 
appear necessary, in the aforesaid affair, in behalf of this 
Convention ; and, moreover, to consult upon emj other meas- 
ures for promoting the education of youth, and advancing 
good literature in the Province, and make report to the next 
Convention. Attested by Samuel Haven, Clerk.'* 

The Convention was holden at Portsmouth, September 30, 
1760, and at the same place in September, 1761, but nothing 
appears in the proceedings of those years concerning the char- 
ter. But at the convention held at Portsmouth, September 
28, 1762, the Rev. Mr. John Rogers having been chosen mod- 
erator, after prayer and sermon, the following testimonial was 
laid before the Convention : 

"Chelsea, Norwich, July 10, 17(52. 

'* We ministers of the gospel and pastors of churches here- 
after mentioned with our names, having, for a number of 
years past, heard of or seen with pleasure the zeal, courage, 
and firm resolution of the Rev. Eleazar Wheelock of Lebanon, 
to prosecute to effect a design of spreading the gospel among 
the natives in the wilds of our America, and especially his 
perseverance in it, amidst the many peculiar discouragements 
he had to encounter during the late years of the war here, 
and upon a plan which appears to us to have the greatest 
probability of success, namely, by a mission of their own 
sons; and as we are verily persuaded that the smiles of 
Divine Providence upon his school, and the success of his 
endeavors hitherto justly may, and ought, to encourage him 
and all to believe it to be of God, and that which he will own 
and succeed for the glory of his great name in the enlarge- 
ment of the kingdom of our divine Redeemer, as well as for 
the great benefit of the crown of Great Britain, and especially 
of his Majesty's dominions in America ; so we apprehend the 
present openings in Providence ought to invite Christians of 
every denomination to unite their endeavors and to lend a 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 19 

helping hand in carrying on so charitable a design ; and we are 
heartily sorry if party spirit and party differences shall at all 
obstruct the progress of it ; or the old leaven of this land fer- 
ment upon this occasion, and give a watchful adversary oppor- 
tunity so to turn the course of endeavors into another channel 
as to defeat the design of spreading the gospel among the 
heathen. To prevent which, and encourage unanimity and 
zeal in prosecuting the design, we look upon it our duty as 
Christians, and especially as ministers of the gospel, to give 
our testimony that, as we verily believe, a disinterested regard 
to the advancement of the Redeemer's kingdom and the good 
will of His Majesty's dominions in America, were the govern- 
ing motives which at first induced the Rev. Mr. Wheelock to 
enter upon the great affair, and to risk his own private 
interest, as he has done since, "in carrying it on ; so we esteem 
his plan to be good, his measures to be prudently and well 
concerted, his endowments peculiar, his zeal fervent, his en- 
deavors indefatigable, for the accomplishing this design, and 
we know no man, like minded, who will naturally care for 
their state. May God prolong his life, and make him ex- 
tensively useful in the kingdom of Christ. We have also, 
some of us, at his desire examined his accounts, and we find 
that, besides giving in all his own labour and trouble in the 
affair, he has charged for the support, schooling, etc., of the 
youth, at the lowest rate it could be done for, as the price of 
things have been and still are among us ; and we apprehend 
the generous donations already made have been and we are 
confident will be laid out in the most prudent manner, and 
with the best advice for the furtherance of the important 
design : and we pray God abundantly to reward the liberality 
of many upon this occasion. And we hope the generosity, 
especially of persons of distinction and note, will be a happy 
lead and inducement to still greater liberalities, and that in 
consequence thereof the wide-extended wilderness of America 
will blossom as the rose, habitations of cruelty become dwell- 
ing places of righteousness and the blessing of thousands 
ready to perish come upon all those whose love to Christ and 
charity to them has been shown upon this occasion. Which 



20 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. ' 

is the hearty prayer of your most sincere friends and humble 
servants : 

Ebenezer Rosetter Pastor of ye 1'* Chh: in StoDington. 
Joseph Fish Pastor of ye 2** Chh: in Stonington. 
Kath^ Whitaker Pastor of ye Chh : in Chelsea in Norwich. 
Benj^ Pomeroy Pastor of ye 1^* Chh : in Hebron. 
Elijah Lothkop Pastor of ye Chh: of Gilead in Hebron. 
Nath^ Eells Pastor of a Chh: in Stonington. 
Mather Btles Pastor of ye first Chh: in New London. 
JoNA. Barber Pastor of a Chh : in Groton. 
Matt. Graves Missionary in New London. 
Peter Powers Pastor of the Chh : at Newent in Norwich. 
Daniel Kirtland former Pastor of ye Chh : in Newent Nor- 
wich. 

Asher Rosetter Pastor of ye 1^* Chh: in Preston. . 
Jabez Wight Pastor of ye 4 Chh : in Norwich. 
David Jewett Pastor of a Chh : in New London. 
Benj^ Throop Pastor of a Chh : in Norwich. 
Sam"- Moseley Pastor of a Chh : in Windham. 
Stephen White Pastor of a Chh : in Windham. 
Richard Salter Pastor of a Chh: in Mansfield. 
Timothy Allen Pastor of ye Chh : in Ashford. 
Ephraim Little Pastor of ye 1^* Chh : in Colchester. 
HoBART Estabrook Pastor of a Chh: in East Haddam. 
Joseph Fowler Pastor of a Chh : in East Haddam. 
Benj^ Boardman Pastor of a Chh: in Middletown. 
John Norton Pastor of a Chh: of Christ in Middletown. 
Benj-*^ Dunning Pastor of a Chh : of Christ in Marlborough." 

"Voted, the Rev. Messrs. Moody, Langdon, Haven, and 
Foster be a Committee of this Convention to consider and re- 
port on the above. Said committee laid the following draft 
before the Convention, which was unanimously voted and 
signed by the moderator : 

*' We, a Convention of Congregational Ministers assembled 
at Portsmouth, September 28, 1762, having read and consid- 
ered the foregoing attestation from a number of reverend gen- 
tlemen in Connecticut, taking into consideration the many 
obligations the Supreme Ruler has laid upon Christian 
churches to promote his cause and enlarge the borders of his 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 21 

kingdom in this land, the signal victories he has granted to 
our troops, the entire redaction of all Canada, so that a way 
is now open for the spreading of the light and purity of the 
gospel among distant savage tribes, and a lax-ge field, white 
unto the harvest, is presented before us ; considering the in- 
finite worth of the souls of men, the importance of the gospel 
to their present and everlasting happiness, and the hopeful 
prospect that the aboriginal natives will now listen to Chris- 
tian instruction ; considering also the great expense which 
must unavoidably attend the prosecution of this great design, 
think ourselves obliged to recommend, in the warmest man- 
ner, this subject to the serious consideration of our Christian 
brethren and the public. It is with gratitude to the Great 
Head of the Church, who has the hearts of all in his hands, 
that we observe some hopeful steps taken by the societies 
founded for the gospelizing the Indians, and the hearts of such 
numbers, both at home and in this land, have been disposed 
to bestow their liberalities to enable such useful societies to 
effect the great ends for which they are founded. But as we 
wish to see every probable method taken to forward so benev- 
olent and Christian a design, we, therefore, rejoice to find that 
the Rev. Mr. Wheelock has such a number of Indian youths 
under his care and tuition ; and in that abundant testimony 
which his brethren in the ministry have borne to his abilities 
for, and zeal and faithfulness in, this important undertaking. 
And we do hereby declare our hearty approbation of it, as far 
as we are capable of judging of an affair carried on at such a 
distance ; and think it our duty to encourage and exhort all 
Christians to lend a helping hand towards so great and gen- 
erous an undertaking. We would not, indeed, absolutely 
dictate this, or any other particular scheme, for civilizing and 
spreading the gospel among the Indians; but we are per- 
suaded that God demands of the inhabitants of these colonies 
some returns of gratitude, in this way, for the remarkable suc- 
cess of our arms against Canada, and that peace and security 
which he has now given us ; we must, therefore, rely on the 
wisdom and prudence of the civil authority to think of it as a 
matter in which our political interests as well as the glory of 
God are deeply concerned ; and we refer to our churches and 



22 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

all private Christians as peculiarly called to promote the Re- 
deemer's kingdom everywhere, to determine what will be the 
most effectual methods of forwarding so noble and pious a de- 
sign, and to contribute, to the utmost of their power, either 
towards the execution of the plan which the Rev. Mr. 
Wheelock is pursuing, or that of the corporation erected in 
the Province of Massachusetts Bay, or any other which may 
be thought of here or elsewhere, for the same laudable pur- 
pose. John Rogers, Moderator." 

The first Legislative action in New Hampshire relative to 
Mr. Wheelock's work is also worthy of notice. The following 
is from the Journal of the House of Representatives : 

"June 17, 1762, Voted, that the Hon. Henry Sherburne 
and Mishech Weare, Esquires, Peter Oilman, Clement March, 
Esq., Capt. Thomas W. Waldron, and Capt. John Went worth 
be a committee to consider of the subject-matter of Rev. Mr. 
Eleazar Wheelock's memorial for aid for his school." This 
committee made a favorable report, saying : " We think it 
incumbent on this province to do something towards promot- 
ing so good an undertaking," and recommending a grant of 
fifty pounds sterling per annum for five years. The action of 
the Legislature was in accordance with this report. Later 
records, however, indicate that the grant was not continued 
after the first, or possibly the second, year. Gov. Benning 
Wentworth, after careful investigation, gave his official sanc- 
tion to the action of his associates, in aid of Mr. W^heelock. 



CHAPTER IV. 

A COLLEGE CONTEMPLATED BY MR. WHEELOCK. — LORD 
DARTMOUTH. — OCCOM AND WHITAKER IN GREAT BRITAIN. 

Mr. Wheelock held relations more or less intimate with 
the leading educational institutions of the country. But his 
favorite college was at Princeton, New Jersey, far removed 
from his own residence. A warm friendship subsisted be- 
tween him and many of its officers, and thither he sent most 
of his students for a considerable period. The inconvenience 
of doing this, may have suggested the idea of a college in 
connection with his school. However this may have been, 
nothing short of a college could satisfy him. The following 
letter, written in April, 1763, needs no further preface : 

" TO HIS EXCELLENCY GENERAL JEFFREY AMHERST, BARONET. 

"May it please your Excellency, — The narrative herewith 
inclosed, gives your Excellency some short account of the suc- 
cess of my feeble endeavors, through the blessing of God upon 
them, in the affair there related. 

" Your Excellency will easily see, that if the number of 
youth in this school continues to increase, as it has done, and 
as our prospects are that it will do, we shall soon be obliged to 
build to accommodate them and accordingly to determine upon 
the place where to fix it, and I would humbly submit to your 
Excellency's consideration the following proposal, viz. : That a 
tract of land, about fifteen or twenty miles square, or so much 
as shall be sufficient for four townships, on the west side of 
Susquehannah river, or in some other place more convenient in 
the heart of the Indian country, be granted in favor of this 
school : That said townships be peopled with a chosen number 
of inhabitants of known honesty, integrity, and such as love 
and will be kind to, and honest in their dealings with Indians. 
That a thousand acres of, and within said grant, be given to 



24 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

this school, and that the school be an academy for all parts of 
useful learning ; part of it to be a college for the education of 
missionaries, interpreters, schoolmasters, etc. ; and part of it a 
school to teach reading, writing, etc., and that there be man- 
ufactures for the instruction both of males and females, in 
whatever shall be necessar}^ in life, and proper tutors, masters, 
and mistresses be provided for the same. That those towns 
be furnished with ministers of the best characters, and such 
as are of ability, when incorporated with a number of the 
most understanding of the inhabitants, to conduct the affairs 
of the school, and of such missions as they shall have occasion 
and ability for, from time to time. That there be a sufficient 
number of laborers upon the lands belonging to the school ; 
and that the students be obliged to labor with them, and 
under their direction and conduct, so much as shall be neces- 
sary for their health, and to give them an understanding of 
husbandry; and those who are designed for farmers, after they 
have got a sufficient degree of school learning, to labor con- 
stantly, and the school to have all the benefit of their labor, 
and they the benefit of being instructed therein, till they are 
of an age and understanding sufficient to set up for them- 
selves, and introduce husbandry among their respective tribes ; 
and that there be a moderate tax upon all the granted lands, 
after the first ten or fifteen years, and also some duty upon 
mills, etc., which shall not be burdensome to the inhabitants, 
for the support of the school, or missionaries among the In- 
dians, etc. By this means much expense, and many incon- 
veniences occasioned by our great distance from them, would 
be prevented, our missionaries be much better supported and 
provided for, especially in case of sickness, etc. Parents and 
children would be more contented, being nearer to one an- 
other, and likely many would be persuaded to send their chil- 
dren for an education, who are now dissuaded from it only on 
account of the great distance of the school from them. 

" The bearer, Mr. C. J. S.,^ is able, if j^our Excellency 
desires it, to give you a more full and particular account of 
the present state of this school, having been for some time the 
master and instructor of it, and is now designed, with the 
leave of Providence, the ensuing summer, to make an excur- 
1 Charles J. Smith. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 25 

sion as a missionary among the Indians, with an interpreter 
from this school. 

" And by him your Excellency may favor me with your 
thoughts on what I have proposed. 

" I am, with sincerest duty and esteem, may it please your 
Excellency, your Excellency's most obedient and humble ser- 
vant, Eleazar Wheelock." 

In 1764, the Scotch Society, already referred to, manifested 
increasing interest in Mr. Wheelock's work, by appointing a 
Board of Correspondents, selected from gentlemen of high 
standing, in Connecticut, to cooperate with him. 

We here insert entire, Mr. Wheelock's first letter to Lord 
Dartmouth : 

" TO THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF DARTMOUTH. 

"Lebanon, Connecticut, New England, March 1, 1764. 
" May it please your Lordship, — 

*' It must be counted amongst the greatest favors of God to 
a wretched world, and that which gives abundant joy to the 
friends of Zion, that among earthly dignities there are those 
who cheerfully espouse the sinking cause of the great Re- 
deemer, and whose hearts and hands are open to minister 
supplies for the support and enlargement of His kingdom in 
the world. 

" As 3'our Lordship has been frequently mentioned with 
pleasure by the lovers of Christ in this wilderness, and having 
fresh assurance of the truth of that fame of yours, by the Rev. 
Mr. Whitefield, from his own acquaintance with your person 
and character, and being encouraged and moved thereto by 
him, I am now emboldened, without any other apology for 
myself than that which the nature of the case itself carries in 
its very front, to solicit your Lordship's favorable notice of, 
and friendship towards, a feeble attempt to save the swarms 
of Indian natives in this land from fimil and eternal ruin, 
which must unavoidably^ be the issue of those poor, miserable 
creatures, unless God shall mercifully interpose with His bless- 
ing upon endeavors to prevent it. 

" The Indian Charity School, under my care (a narrative 
of which, herewith transmitted, humbly begs your Lordship's 



26 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

acceptance), has met with such approbation and encourage- 
ment from gentlemen of character and ability, at home and 
abroad, and such has been the success of endeavors hitherto 
used therein, as persuade us more and more that it is of God, 
and a device and plan which, under his blessing, has a greater 
probability of success than any that has yet been attempted. 
By the blessing and continual care of heaven, it has lived, 
and does still live and flourish, without any other fund appro- 
priated to its support than that great one, in the hands of 
Him, whose the earth is, and the fullness thereof. 

'' And I trust there is no need to mention any other con- 
siderations to prove your Lordship's compassions, or invite 
your liberality on this occasion, than those which their piteous 
and perishing case does of itself suggest, when once your 
Lordship shall be well satisfied of a proper and probable way 
to manifest and express the same with success. Which I do 
with the utmost cheerfulness submit to your Lordship, believ- 
ing your determination therein to be under the direction of 
Him who does all things well. And, if the nature and im- 
portance of the case be not esteemed sufficient excuse for the 
freedom and boldness I have assumed, I must rely upon your 
Lordship's innate goodness to pardon him who is, with the 
greatest duty and esteem, my lord, 

" Your Lordship's most obedient, 

" And most humble servant, 

" Eleazar Wheelock.'* 

It is interesting to observe here the agency of Mr. Wheel- 
ock's old and intimate friend, Whitefield. As early as 1760, 
after alluding to efforts in his behalf in Great Britain, he 
wrote to Mr. Wheelock : 

'' Had I a converted Indian scholar, that could preach and 
pray in English, something might be done to purpose." 

After much deliberation, Mr. Wheelock determined to send 
Mr. Occom and Rev. Nathaniel Whitaker of Norwich, who 
was deeply interested in his work, to solicit the charities of 
British Christians, with a purpose of more extended operations. 

They left this country late in 1765, carrying testimonials 
from a large number of eminent civilians and divines. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 27 

The following letter indicates that they were cordially wel- 
comed in England : 

"London, February 2, 1766. 

My dear Mr. Wheelock, — This day three weeks I 
had the pleasure of seeing Mr. Whitaker and Mr. Occom. 
On their account, I have deferred my intended journey into 
the country all next week. They have been introduced to, 
and dined with the Daniel of the age, viz., the truly noble 
Lord Dartmouth. Mr. Occom is also to be introduced by 
him to his Majesty, who intends to favor their design with his 
bounty. A short memorial for the public is drawn, which is 
to be followed with a small pamphlet. All denominations 
are to be applied to, and therefore no mention is made of any 
particular commissioners or corresponding committees what- 
soever. It would damp the thing entirely. Cashiers are to 
be named, and the moneys collected are to be deposited with 
them till drawn for by yourself. Mr. Occom hath preached 
for me with acceptance, and also Mr. Whitaker. They are 
to go round the other denominations in a proper rotation. 
As yet everything looks with a promising aspect. I have 
procured them suitable lodgings. I shall continue to do 
everything that lies in my power. Mr. S.^ is providentially 
here, — a fast friend to your plan and his dear country. 

" I wish you joy of the long wished for, long prayed for re- 
peal, and am, my dear Mr. Wheelock, 

" Yours, etc., in our glorious Head, 

" George Whitefield." 

We are now introduced to Mr. Wheelock's most valuable 
coadjutor, the son of Mark Hunking Wentworth, — another 
active and earnest friend : 

"Bristol, [England,] 16th Dec, 1766. 

" The Rev. Mr. Whitaker having requested my testimony 
of an institution forming in America, under the name of an 
Indian school, for which purpose many persons on that con- 
tinent and in Europe have liberally contributed, and he is 
now soliciting the further aid of all denominations of people 
in this kingdom to complete the proposed plan, I do there- 
^ Mr. John Smith, of Boston. 



28 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

fore certify, whomsoever it may concern, that the said Indian 
SCHOOL appears to me to be formed upon principles of ex- 
tensive benevolence and unfeigned piety ; that the moneys 
already collected have been justly applied to this and no 
other use. From repeated information of many principal gen- 
tlemen in America, and from my own particular knowledge 
of local circumstances, I am well convinced that the char- 
itable contributions afforded to this design will be honestly 
and successfully applied to civilize and recover the savages of 
America from their present barbarous paganism. 

"J. Wentworth, 
" Governor of New Hampshire.** 

The annals of philanthropy unfold few things bolder or more 
romantic in conception, or grander in execution, or sublimer 
in results than this most memorable, most successful pilgrim-- 
age. The unique, but magnetic, marvelous eloquence of this 
regenerated son of the forest, as he passed from town to town, 
and city to city, over England and Scotland, engaged the at- 
tention and opened the hearts of all classes — the clergy, the 
nobility, and the peasantry. The names of the men and 
women and children, who gave of their abundance or their 
poverty, primarily and apparently to civilize and evangelize 
their wild and savage brethren across the sea, but ultimately 
and really to found one of the most solid and beautiful temples 
of Christian and secular learning, in the Western hemisphere, 
deserve affectionate and perpetual remembrance, along with 
those of their kindred, who in a preceding century dedicated 
their whole treasure upon Plymouth Rock. 

With sincere regret that we have not the name of every 
donor, yet with devout gratitude for the preservation of so full 
a record, we append the original list of donors in England, as 
prepared and published at the time, by Lord Dartmouth and 
his associates.^ 

Never was more timely aid given to a worthy cause. When 
Mr. Wheelock's agents went abroad he had a school of about 
thirty, and an empty treasury. These funds gave him present 
comfort, and enabled him to effect the long-desired removal. 

^ See Appendix. 



CHAPTER V. 

SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON. — EXPLORATIONS FOR A LOCATION. 
ADVICE OF ENGLISH TRUSTEES. 

Mr. Wheelock was in friendly correspondence, for several 
years, with Sir William Johnson, the distinguished Indian 
agent and superintendent, who resided in the province of 
New York, near the Six Nations. Through his agency, the 
famous Mohawk, Joseph Brant, was sent to Mr. Wheelock's 
school. After enjoying some opportunities for an estimate 
of his abilities and character, Mr. Wheelock speaks of him in 
highly complimentary terms, as a gentleman, " whose under- 
standing and influence in Indian affairs, is, I suppose, greater 
than any other man's, and to ^hose indefatigable and suc- 
cessful labors to settle and secure a peace with the several 
tribes, who have been at war with us, our land and nation 
are under God chiefly indebted." 

In September, 1762, Mr. Wheelock writes to Sir William : 
" I understand that some of our people are about to settle on 
a new purchase on Susquehannah river. It may be a door 
may open for my design on that purchase." He also inti- 
mates that he desires to set up the school in his neighbor- 
hood. This plan does not meet Sir William's approval, but 
in January, 1763, Mr. Wheelock addresses him again, saying: 
" Gov. Wentworth has offered a tract of land in the western 
part of the province of New Hampshire which he is now set- 
tling, for the use of the school if we will fix it there, and 
there has been some talk of fixing it in one of the new town- 
ships in the province of the Massachusetts which lie upon New 
York line near Albany. I much want to consult your Honor 
in the affair." Mr. Wheelock's confidence in his friend hav- 
ing been strengthened by the receipt of several cordial letters, 



30 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

and other circumstances, he writes to him, Jiil}^ 4, 1766 : " I 
apprehend 3^011 are able above any man in this hind to serve 
the grand design in view," desiring to " act in every step " 
agreeable to liis mind, and informing him that he has sent his 
son, with Dr. Pomeroy, to confer with him about a location 
for the school. He also refers to " arguments offered to carry 
it into the Southern governments." But Mr. Johnson did not 
see fit to invite the settlement of the school in the neighbor- 
hood of the Six Nations, deeming it unwise, apparently, to 
encourage a movement which might be regarded by them as 
an invasion of their territory, especially if they were asked 
to give lands to the school. This decision virtually deter- 
mined the location. If Mr. Wheelock could not follow his old 
neighbors and friends to the westward, and plant himself be- 
side the great Indian Confederacy, he must turn his attention 
to the northward, where other neighbors and friends were set- 
tling within easy reach of the far-extended Indian tribes of 
Canada. Other localities, as we shall see hereafter, presented 
some inducements, but they were all of minor importance. 
Hence, when his agents returned from Great Britain placing 
the long-desired funds for the accomplishment of his purposes 
in his hands, we may well imagine that Mr. Wheelock gladly 
turned toward that worthy magistrate, who had already 
shown " a willing heart," for more aid. 

In the meantime, Mr. Wheelock was giving the matter of 
a location his most earnest and careful attention. In a letter 
to Mr. Whitefield, dated September 4, 1766, he says : '• We 
cannot get land enough on Hudson river." Nor has he any 
more hope of success on the Mohawk. " Large offers have 
been made in the new settlements on Connecticut river. It 
is likely that near twenty thousand acres would be given in 
their several towns." After stating that " Col. Willard " has 
made generous offers of lands, " on Sugar river," he says : 
" that location would be the most inviting of any part of that 
country. Samuel Stevens, Esq., offers two thousand acres to 
have it at No. 4. Col. Chandler offers two thousand acres in 
the centre of the town of Chester, opposite to No. 4, nine 
miles from the River. The situation of Wyoming, on Sus- 
quehannah river, is very convenient." ^ A few months later, 

1 See Appendix. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 31 

General Schuyler earnestly advocated the claims of Albany as 
a favorable location. 

But Mr. Wheelock's friends were very unwilling that he 
should leave Connecticut. Windham and Hebron ^ made 
earnest efforts to obtain the school. We quote from Lebanon 
parish records : 

" At a legal and full meeting of the Inhabitants, legal 
voters of the second society in Lebanon [now Columbia], in 
Connecticut, held in said society on the 29th day of June, 
Anno Domini 1767, We made choice of Mr. James Pinneo 
to be moderator of said meeting, and passed the following 
votes, nemine contradicente : 

" 1. That we desire the Indian Charity School now under 
the care of the Rev. Mr. Eleazar Wheelock, may be fixed to 
continue in this society : provided it may consist with the 
interest and prosperity of said School. 

" 2. That as we have a large and convenient house for pub- 
lic and divine Worship, we will accommodate the members 
of said school with such convenient seats in said house as we 
shall be able. 

" 3. That the following letter be presented to the Rev. Mr. 
Eleazar Wheelock, by Messrs. Israel Woodward, James Pin- 
neo, and Asahel Clark, Jun., in the name and behalf of this 
society ; and that they desire him to transmit a copy of the 
same, with the votes foregoing, to the Right Honorable the 
Earl of Dartmouth, and the rest of those Honorable and 
Worthy Gentlemen in England who have condescended to 
patronize said school ; and to whom the establishment of the 
same is committed. 

" The Inhabitants of the Second Society in Lebanon in Connecticut 
TO THE Eev. Mr. Eleazar Wheelock, Pastor of said society. 

" Rev. and ever dear Pastor, — As you are witness to our 

past care and concern for the success of your most pious and 

charitable undertaking in favor of the poor perishing Indians 

on this continent, we are confident j^ou will not be displeased 

at our addressing you on this occasion ; but that you would 

rather think it strange if we should altogether hold our peace 

^ See Appendix. 



32 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

at such a time as this ; when we understand it is still in doubt 
both with yourself and friends where to fix your school ; 
whether at Albanj^ or more remote among the Indian tribes, 
in this society where it was first planted, or in some other 
part of this colony proposed for its accommodation. 

" We have some of us heard most of the arguments offered 
for its removal, and however plausible they appear we are not 
at all convinced of their force, or that it is expedient, every- 
thing considered, it should be removed, nor do we think we 
have great reason to fear the event, only we would not be 
wanting as to our duty in giving such hints in favor of its 
continuance here as naturally and easily occur to our minds, 
for we have that confidence in you and the friends of the de- 
sign, that you will not be easily carried away with appear- 
ances : but will critically observe the secret springs of those 
generous offers, made in one place and another, (some of 
which are beyond what we can pretend to,) whether some 
prospect of private emolument be not at the bottom; or 
whether they will finally prove more kind to your pious insti- 
tution as such considered, (whatever their pretenses may be,) 
than they have been or at present appear to be to the Re- 
deemer's Kingdom in general. We trust this institution, so 
well calculated to the advancement of its interest, will flourish 
best among the Redeemer's friends ; and although with re- 
spect to ourselves we have little to boast as to friendship to 
our divine Redeemer or his interest, yet this we are sure of, 
that he has been very kind to us, in times past, and we trust 
has made you the instrument of much good to us, and to lay 
a foundation for it to succeeding generations; we humbly 
hope God has been preparing an habitation for himself here, 
and has said of it, this is my resting place, here will I dwell 
forever, (not because they deserved it,) but because I have de- 
sired it, and where God is pleased to dwell, under his influence 
your institution (which we trust is of Him) may expect to live 
and thrive. We desire it may be considered that this is its 
birth place, here it was kindly received, and nourished when 
no other door was set open to it — here it found friends when 
almost friendless, yea when despised and contemned abroad — 
its friends are now increased here as well as elsewhere, and 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 33 

although by reason of our poverty and the hardness of the 
times, our subscriptions are small compared with what some 
others may boast, being at present but about <£810 lawful 
money, yet there are here some other privileges which we 
think very valuable and serviceable to the design, viz; 400 
acres of very fertile and good land, about forty acres of which 
are under improvement, and the remainder well set with 
choice timber and fuel, and is suitably proportioned for the 
various branches of Husbandry which will much accommodate 
the design as said land is situated within about half a mile of 
our Meeting House, and may be purchased for fifty shillings 
lawful money per acre. There is also several other small par- 
cels of land suitably situate for building places for the use of 
the school to be sold at a reasonable rate. We have also a 
beautiful building place for said school within a few rods of 
said meeting house, adjacent to which is a large and pleasant 
Green : and we are confident that wood, provisions, and cloth- 
ing, etc., which will be necessary for the school, may be had 
here not only now, but in future years, at as low a rate as in 
any place in the colony, or in any other place where it has 
been proposed to settle your school. These privileges, we 
think, are valuable and worthy your consideration, and also of 
those honourable and worthy gentlemen in England to whom 
you have committed the decision of the affair, and from the 
friendly disposition which has so many years past and does 
still reign in our breasts towards it, we think it may be pre- 
sumed we shall from time to time be ready to minister to its 
support as occasion shall require and our circumstances permit. 
We take the liberty further to observe that such has hitherto 
been the peace and good order (greatly through your instru- 
mentality), obtaining among us that the members of your 
school have all along been as free from temptations to any 
vicious courses or danger of fatal error as perhaps might be 
expected they would be on any spot of this universally pol- 
luted globe. 

" Here, dear sir, your school has flourished remarkably. It 

has grown apace ; from small beginnings how very consider- 

able^has it become ; an evidence that the soil and climate suit 

the institution — if you transplant it you run a risk of stinting 

3 



34 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

its growth, perhaps of destroyhig its very life, or at least of 
changing its nature and missing the pious aim you have all 
along had in view ; a danger which scarce needs to be hinted, 
as you are sensible it has been the common fate of institutions 
of this kind that charitable donations have been misapplied 
and perverted to serve purposes very far from or contrary to 
those the pious donors had in view ; such is the subtilty of the 
old serpent that he will turn all our weapons against ourselves 
if possible. Aware of this, you have all along appeared- to 
decline and even detest all such alliances and proposals as were 
calculated for, or seemed to promise any private emolument to 
your self or your friends. This, we trust, is still your prevail- 
ing temper, and rejoice to hear that your friends and those 
who are intrusted with the affair in England are exactly in 
the same sentiments, happy presage not only of the contin- 
uance of the institution itself but we hope of its immutability 
as to place. One thing more we beg leave to mention (not 
to tire your patience with the many that occur), viz. if 
you remove the school from us, you, at the same time, take 
away our Minister, the light of our eyes and joy of our hearts, 
under whose ministrations we have sat with great delight ; 
whose labors have been so acceptable, and we trust profitable, 
for a long time; must, then, our dear and worthy Pastor and 
his pious institution go from us together ? Alas, shall we be 
deprived of both in one day ? We are sensible that we have 
abused such privileges and have forfeited them ; and at God's 
bar we plead guilty — we pray Him to give us repentance and 
reformation, and to lengthen out our happy state ; we own 
the justice of God in so heavy losses, if they must be inflicted ; 
and even in the removal of our Candlestick out of its place, 
but we can't bear the thought that you our Dear Pastor and 
the dear friends to your pious institution should become the 
executioners of such a vengeance. However, we leave the 
matter with you, and are with much duty and filial regard, 
dear sir. Your very humble servants or rather obedient chil- 
dren. 

"• By order of said Society, Israel Woodward, 

James Pinneo, 
AsAHEL Clark, Jr." 

"June 29, 1767." 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 35 

This interesting document bears the same date with Mr. 
Wheelock's Doctorate in Divinity, from the University of 
Edinburgh. 

Dr. Wheelock, appreciating the importance of a better 
knowledge of the comparative advantages of the various pro- 
posed locations, finally determined to commission trustworthy 
agents, to make thorough explorations. We give his lan- 
guage, in substance : 

" Lebanon, Connecticut, July 20, 1768. 
" Whereas the number in my Indian Charity School is now, 
by the blessing of God, become so large as that it is necessary 
the place where to fix it should be speedily determined, and 
so many and generous have been the offers made for that pur- 
pose by gentlemen of character and distinction in several 
neighboring governments, I do, therefore, hereby authorize 
and appoint the Rev. Mr. Ebenezer Cleaveland, of Gloucester,- 
in the province of the Massachusetts Bay, and my son, Ralph 
Wheelock (while the Rev. Dr. Whitaker is performing the 
like part in Pennsylvania) in my name and stead, to wait 
upon his Excellency John Wentworth, Esq., Governor of 
New Hampshire, and his associates in office, to know what 
countenance and encouragement they will give to accommo- 
date and endow said school, in case it should be fixed in the 
western part of that province." 

Deep interest in Dr. Wheelock's work being manifested by 
Rev. Thomas Allen and others, at Pittsfield ; Timothy Wood- 
bridge and others, at Stockbridge ; ^ and Abraham J. Lansing, 
the founder of Lansingburg,^ and many others in that Prov- 
ince, they were also instructed to extend their explorations 
to Western Massachusetts and to New York. 

The following is the material portion of Mr. Cleaveland 's 
report : 

"I waited upon his Excellency John Wentworth, Esq., 

Governor of New Hampshire. He appeared very friendly to 

the design — promised to grant a township, six miles square, 

to the use of the school, provided it should be fixed in that 

1 See Appendix. 2 ggg Appendix. 



36 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

Province, and that he would use his influence that his Majest}^ 
should give the quit-rents to the school, to be free from charge 
of fees except for surveying. Esquire Whiting, the Deputy- 
Surveyor, being present, offered his assistance to look out the 
township and survey it, and give the service to the school. 
His Excellency the Governor recommended him to me for that 
purpose (since which, we found Landaff, a good township, to 
have forfeited the charter, of which we advised the Governor, 
and were informed [that] he promised to reserve it for the 
school). After spending a few days on our way with gentle- 
men of the lower towns, who appeared universally desirous 
that the school should come into that Province, and were 
generous in their offers to encourage the same, but proposed 
their donations, generally, where their interests in land lay 
we proceeded to Plymouth, Romney, and Compton, where 
Mr. Whiting left me. Five thousand acres of land were pro- 
posed to be given, on condition the school be fixed in either of 
these towns. Seventy-five pounds sterling and twenty thou- 
sand feet of boards (besides land) are offered on condition it 
should be fixed in Compton. The arguments used for fixing 
the school here are — 'tis the centre of that province ; good 
and easy portage by land and water to Portsmouth and New- 
bury ; but twenty-seven miles further than Connecticut river 
from the Indians. 

'* From thence I travelled to Cohos, on Connecticut river ; 
the inhabitants of that new country were universally much 
engaged to have the school fixed there, both from a respect to 
Dr. Wheelock's person and a regard to the general design ; it 
would be too lengthy to mention the particular offers that were 
generously made. Besides what has been already mentioned, 
upwards of sixteen thousand acres are already subscribed, 
chiefly by gentlemen of the most noted and public characters 
in the Province of New Hampshire ; and more is subscrib- 
ing to have it fixed in the country of Cohos. Besides which, 
large subscriptions have been made and are still making which 
centre in particular towns, the principal of which and those 
where I was advised, and thought proper to take the most par- 
ticular view, were Haverhill and Orford. These places are 
about equally distant from Portsmouth, ninety-two miles. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 37 

thirty of which is good water carriage, the rest may be made 
a good wagon road. In this new country there are more than 
two hundred towns chartered, settled, and about to settle, and 
generally of a religious people, which do, and soon will, want 
ministers ; and they have no college or public seminary of 
learning for that purpose in that Province, which want they 
apprehend may be supplied by this school without any disad- 
vantage to, or interfering in the least, with the general design 
of it. These places are situate about forty miles nearer to 
the Six Nations than the place where the school now is ; they 
are about one hundred miles from Mount Royal and about 
sixty from Crown Point ; and, perhaps, about sixty from the 
Indians at St. Francis, to whom there is water portage by 
Connecticut and St. Francis Rivers, except a mile or two ; 
there is also water carriage from hende by the Lakes and St. 
Lawrence River, etc., by the Six Nations and the tribes many 
hundred miles west, except very small land carriages. Pop- 
ulation in this new country is very rapid, and will doubtless 
be much more so if the Doctor should remove there with his 
school, and their lands will soon bear a great price. From 
hence I went with Mr. John Wright (whom the Doctor sent 
to accompany me in my further inquiry) to Hatfield, in the 
Province of the Massachusetts ; and found gentlemen there 
universally desirous to have the school fixed in Berkshire 
County in the western part of that Province." 

This region was visited by them, as well as New York. 
During the autumn of 1768, by confmission of Dr. Wheelock, 
Mr. Cleaveland, in company with Mr. Allen Mather, also at- 
tended a large " Congress " of several Indian tribes, at Fort 
Stanwix. In his report, after referring to friendly conference 
with other chiefs, he says : " I also saw one from Caghnawaga 
near Montreal, who desired to know if he could get his son 
into Dr. Wheelock's school, and manifested a great desire to 
send him. I told him there was talk of the school's going to 
Cohos. He said if it should be fixed there, he believed that 
many of that tribe would send their children to it." ^ This 
Canadian chief's statement was considered, most carefully, 
by Dr. Wheelock. The proper documents were forwarded 

1 See Appendix. 



38 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

with the least practicable delay to the English Trustees, and 
elicited the following response : 

" L'ondon, 3d April, 1769. 

" Reverend Sir : — Last week we received your letters of 
th^ 22d and 23d December, 1768, and 10th of January, 
1769; and being convinced how necessary it is for the pros- 
perity of your pious institution, as well as for the peace of 
your own mind, that a place should be fixed upon for the 
future establishment of your school as soon as possible, we ^ 
kave attentively considered the report of Mr. Ebenezer 
Cleaveland, whom you employed to take a view of the sev- 
eral spots proposed for that purpose, together with the other 
papers which have now and heretofore been transmitted to us 
relative to that matter ; and, upon weighing the several gen- 
erous offers and proposals that have been made to you by 
gentlemen of different governments for the benevolent pur- 
pose of promoting the important design of your institution, 
and the reasons that have been offered or have occurred to us 
in support of each, we are unanimously of opinion that the 
most advantageous situation for carrying on the great pur- 
poses of your school, will be in one of the townships belong- 
ing to the. District of Cowas, in the Government of New 
Hampshire, agreeable to the proposal of Governor Went- 
worth and the gentlemen who have generously expressed their 
intention of contributing to that design ; but whether Haver- 
hill or Orford may be the«most eligible for this purpose, we 
must leave to your judgment to determine. According to the 
best information we can procure of the state of those towns, 
we think you may possibly give the preference to the foruier, 
especially if the farm which you mention as very convenient 
for an immediate supply of provisions, can be procured upon 
reasonable terms. 

" We found our opinion, principally, upon this reason, that it 
appears to us that Cowas is the most central of the situations 
that have been proposed between the Indians of the Six Na- 
tions, on the one hand, and those of St. Francis and of the 
other tribes to the eastward, on the other ; and that it is not 
inferior to any of the rest in other respects. For this reason. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 39 

we cannot but recommend to you to accept the offers of Gov- 
ernor Wentworth and the Gentlemen in New Hampshire. 
And we heartily pray that the same good Providence which 
has so remarkably blessed your undertaking hitherto, may 
continue to protect and prosper it in its farther progress, and 
may prolong your life, that you may have the satisfaction to 
see it fixed upon such, a plan as may afford a reasonable hope 
of answering all the good purposes you have in view. 
" We are, Reverend Sir, 

" Your most obedient servants, 

Dartmouth, 
S. S. Smythe, 
Samuel Roffey, 
John Thornton, 
Daniel West, 
Charles Hardy, 
Samuel Savage, 

Jos. ROBARTS, 

Robert Keen." 

"Received August 10,1769." 



CHAPTER VI. 

A COLLEGE CHAKTER. 

The long-protracted efforts of Mr. Wheelock,^ to provide 
legal safeguards for donations in aid of his great work, now 
demand careful attention. 

The deed of Mr. Joshua More, conveying two acres of land 
with buildings attached, was dated July 17, 1T55, a short time 
previous to his death. Mr. Wheelock now placed himself 
in confidential relations with two eminent lawyers in New 
York, William Smith, and his son William Smith, Jr., the 
latter of whom, perhaps, may be said to have left his impress 
upon the Constitution of the United States, through his dis- 
tinguished pupil, Gouverneur Morris. The correspondence, at 
first, seems to have been chiefly with Mr. Smith, Senior. 
August 6, 1755, he writes to Mr. Wheelock : " The means for 
the accomplishment of so charitable a design seem at present 
very imperfect." He suggests, that there is '' no incorpora- 
tion " of Mr. Wheelock and the other gentlemen to whom Mr. 
More conveyed the property ; that the deed contains " no 
consideration ; " and that the estate is at most only " for 
life." He advises Mr. Wheelock, at least, to procure a better 
deed, which was afterwards executed by Mrs. More. The 
death of Mr. Wheelock's most influential and valuable associ- 
ate trustee, ex-President Williams, only a few days after the 
conveyance by Mr. More, was a severe loss, and a temporary 
embarrassment to his associates. But Mr. Wheelock deter- 
mined to proceed in his efforts for an incorporation, relying 
mainly upon the dictates of his own judgment for direction. 
After the lapse of some five years, in February, 1760, he 

1 It will be observed that the appropriate title, at the period under considera- 
ation, is given to the founder of the college here as elsewhere in this work. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 41 

gives the results to Mr. Smith, in language of which the fol- 
lowing is the substance ; '' We sent home some years ago for 
the royal favor of a Charter. Lord Halifax approved the 
design, but [to save expense] advised, instead of a Charter, 
the establishment of the school by a law of Connecticut Col- 
ony, and promised that when sent there it should be ratified 
in Council, which he supposed would be as sufficient as any 
act there. Hereupon I attended our Assembly, in May, 1T58, 
with a memorial, the prayer of which was granted by the 
House of Representatives ; the Governor and Council nega- 
tived it, upon the ground that their action would not be valid^ 
if ratified in England, beyond this Colony, and that a corpora- 
tion within a corporation might be troublesome, as Yale Col- 
lege had sometimes been. I am since informed that the Earl 
of Dartmouth has promised, if the matter shall be put into a 
proper channel, to undertake and go through with it at his 
own expense." 

Thus it appears that Lord Dartmouth was desirous of aid- 
ing Mr. Wheelock by his influence, and otherwise, long before 
being asked by him for pecuniary aid. In explanation of the 
governor's objections, it should be stated, that Mr. Wheelock 
desired such an incorporation as would enable him to locate 
his school in any of the American Colonies, and that there was 
just at that period an earnest contest between the corporation 
of Yale College, led by President Clap, and the Colonial 
government, in regard to the control of that institution. 

Nothing having been accomplished in the meantime, Mr. 
Wheelock writes in July, 1763, to his friend. Dr. Erskine, as 
follows : " Governor Fitch privately proposes my removing 
my prayer for an incorporation from this government [Con- 
necticut]. It is likely we shall delay it till we see the success 
of our suit for the Royal favor." In September following, he 
writes to his friend, Mr. De Berdt, in London, that he has 
sent to him " materials, by General Lyman ^ and Colonel 
Dyer," ^ to enable him to " make application for an incorpora- 
tion." Unsuccessful as before in England, for reasons which 
will become more apparent hereafter, in May, 1764, we find 

1 The distinguished Gen. Phineas Lyman. 

2 Hon. Eliphalet Dyer, of Windham. 



42 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

Mr. Wheelock petitioning the Connecticut Assembly *' to in- 
corporate " six gentlemen of the Colony, including George 
Wyllis, of Hartford, and himself, as legal guardians of his 
school. But he did not procure the long-desired incorporation. 

In 1765, being about to send solicitors of charity on a larger 
scale to England, Mr. Wheelock decided to make yet one 
more effort there for an act of incorporation. A letter from 
Mr. Smith, written evidently about this time, no date being 
attached, contains advice to Mr. Wheelock in which we trace 
one of the most prominent features of the Charter. He pro- 
poses, in substance : "an application to the King for a short 
Charter incorporating. First, A sett of gentlemen in the Colo- 
nies near Mr. Wheelock, who shall have all the power of a cor- 
poration, as to managing estates, supplying vacancies, etc. 
Second, Another sett in England and elsewhere in Europe, 
who shall be correspondents of the first sett, and only have 
the general power of securing donations to be transferred to 
them." 

Lord Dartmouth and the other gentlemen in England who 
were constituted, by Mr. Wheelock, a Board of Trust for the 
moneys collected in that country, by Messrs. Occom and 
Whitaker, seem to have thought this private incorporation 
amply sufficient for the security of these funds. In writing to 
Mr. Keen, in November, 1767, Mr. (now Dr.) Wheelock al- 
ludes to the fact that this gentleman had expressed an opinion 
that his successor should be " in all respects accountable to the 
present Trust." Although dissenting from this opinion. Dr. 
Wheelock seems to have been prudent and conciliatory in his 
intercourse with his worthy benefactors, wisely deeming it an 
object of primary importance to raise the requisite funds for 
his operations. 

Messrs. Occom and Whitaker having fulfilled their mission 
abroad, and generous promises of aid having been made by 
Governor Wentworth, we find Dr. Wheelock, in October, 
1768, writing to him as follows : " As soon as the place to 
fix the school shall have been determined to be in your Prov- 
ince, I will appoint your Excellency, or the Governor for the 
time being, to be a Trustee on this side the water till a legal 
incorporation may be obtained." This shows that Dr. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 43 

Wheelock was not averse to a judicious admixture of the 
clerical and lay elements in the Board of Trust, although 
the Trustees named in his will, the germ of the charter, were 
clergymen. 

The suggestion seems to have been most kindly received b}^ 
Governor Wentworth. Dr. Wheelock now determined to avail 
himself of the aid of his firm and valuable friend. Rev. Dr. 
Langdon, of Portsmouth. A letter from. him to this gentle- 
man is as follows : 

" Lebanon, April 7, 1769. 

"• Eeverend and dear Sir, — Yours by Captain Cush- 
man is safe arrived, and 1 have considered the contents. And 
for several reasons I am of opinion that it will be best that 
the Trustees be the same for the present, as I have already 
appointed in my will, which I have made at the desire of the 
Trust in England, whose names were, with the will, some time 
ago transmitted to them. The affair is very delicate, and as 
such must be conducted, or it will disgust those worthy gen- 
tlemen, and overset all. Their sentiments .of an incorpora- 
tion have been differing from mine. They have insisted that 
I should conduct the whole affair without one, and that my 
successor should be nominated and appointed by my will. 
Experience, they think, has fully taught them that, by means 
of an incorporation, such designs become jobs, and are soon 
ruined thereb3^ They choose to hold the moneys collected 
there in their own hands for this purpose, and accordingly 
have publicly declared their Trust of the same under their 
hands and seals, and have disposed of it, as their wisdom di- 
rected, for the benefit of the school. I have, therefore, after 
much study and consultation in the affair, appointed two setts 
of Trustees, namely, those in England who have voluntarily 
condescended to make themselves so, to take care of whatever 
concerns the object in view on that side the water ; and a sett 
in this vicinity, to take care of and perform whatever shall 
concern it on this side. I have appointed a successor, to take 
care of the school, etc., only till he shall be approved and 
confirmed by the concurrence of both setts of Trustees, or 
till they all agree in another, nominated by either and ap- 
proved by both, each sett to have power to supply vacancies 



44 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

in their Trust, made by death or resignation, by the major 
vote of the survivors ; something like this I conceive will be 
most agreeable to the Right Honorable, Honorable, and gener- 
ous benefactors who have accepted the Trust in England, and 
I apprehend it will make the design popular and respectable. 

" The Trustees here will hold and have the disposal of 
lands given in America for this use ; and I apprehend it will 
be proper for his Majesty's Governor of the Province for the 
time being to be a Trustee, but at present I have not light 
enough to determine a propriety in making his Majesty him- 
self one on this side the water. 

" I have several reasons, which appear to me weighty, for 
having the body of the Trustees first incorporated in this vi- 
cinity. 

" 1. They will be at hand to conduct the affairs of the 
school, missionaries, schoolmasters, etc., till I can get settled 
in the wilderness, which will be impracticable, if they are 
at the distance of Portsmouth. 

" 2. Several of the Trustees talk of removing with me to 
settle in that vicinity ; and if so, they may for a time act as 
a* committee, till a sufficient number suitable for that Trust 
shall be settled (as you will observe will be expedient) near 
to the school. 

" 3. Till this be done, my connections will likely be such as 
will oblige me to make frequent visits to these parts, where we 
may have a full meeting of the Board without any expense. 

" 4. Gentlemen here have been so much concerned in Indian 
affairs, that I suppose it not to be immodest to say ceteris 
paribus^ they are at present better qualified to act therein 
than those who will have to encounter a thousand dangers and 
difficulties before unthought of. 

" 5. By having the body corporate here, I can claim a val- 
uable subscription of <£400 or £500 for the use and support 
of the school, payable as soon as it becomes a body corporate, 
besides a tenement in this place, given for the same purpose. 

" If the school should once be settled in those parts, it is 
likely population will proceed with much greater rapidity 
than ever, and the whole will be soon efiected. 

" I design to consult some gentlemen of the law relative to 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 45 

an incorporation, and get a rough draught made, with a view 
to save time if the School should be fixed in your Province. 
Please to discourse his Excellency of thoughts I have here 
suggested, and transmit such remarks as he shall please to 
make thereon. Please to commend my respects suitably to 
him, and accept the same yourself from, reverend and dear 
sir, Your Friend and Brother, etc., 

"Eleazak Wheelock." 

" Colonel Wyllis and Esquire Ledyard," of Hartford, were 
among Dr. Wheelock's legal advisers in 1768, and probably 
at this period. 

June 7, 1769, we find Dr. Wheelock addressing Governor 
Wentworth as follows : 

" I have been making some attempt to form a Charter, in 
which some proper respect may be shown to those generous 
benefactors in England who have condescended to patronize 
this school, and I want to be informed whether you think it 
consistent to make the Trust in England a distinct corpora- 
tion, with power to hold real estate, etc., for the uses and pur- 
poses of this school." 

But the impress of Governor Wentworth does not appear 
till a somewhat later period. August 22, 1769, Dr. Wheelock 
informs him that he is about to present him a " rough 
draught" of a Charter, for an "Academy," adding this some- 
what significant postscript : " Sir, if you think proper to use 
the word College instead of Academy in the Charter, I shall 
be well pleased with it." 

Dr. Wheelock's son-in-law, Mr. Alexander Phelps, and Rev. 
Dr. Whitaker seem to have been the principal agents to con- 
fer with Governor Wentworth in regard to the Charter. 

October 18, 1769, he gives his views at length, in a letter 
to Dr. Wheelock, advising some amendments. Proposing 
some additions to the Board of Trust, he says : " The nomi- 
nation of the Provincial oiBBcers I strongly recommend, though 
I do not insist upon. It was indeed resolved on my side that 
the Governor should be one " of the Board. " That I did not 
mention any other than the Governor can by no means be pre- 
clusive. Neither did I so intend it. The three Provincial 



46 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

officers will be a natural defense, honor and security to the 
institution." 

The following letter indicates that Governor Wentworth 
had eminent legal counsel : 

" Rey. Sir : I have had an opportunity of conferring with 
Colonel Phelps on the affair of the College proposed to be 
erected here. You '11 find some alterations in the scheme and 
draft of the Charter ; the}^ are supposed to be amendments, 
and I think they, to say the least, will not be impediments. 
I cannot stay to enumerate them ; the Charter will show them 
and the Colonel will be able to explain the grounds and reasons 
of them. I have spent some considerable time with the Gov- 
ernor to form the plan in such a manner as will make it most 
beneficial, and to prevail on him to make such concessions as 
would suit the gentlemen with you. I am apt to think the 
plan will be more serviceable as it now stands than as it was 
before. 

I shall be glad to serve the cause, and have persuaded 

Colonel Phelps to communicate it before the finishing stroke, 

though it will cost him another journey. I have only to add 

that I am, with great esteem, 

" Your most obedient humble servant, 

" William Parker. 
"Portsmouth, October 28, 1769." 

Six Connecticut clergymen, selected by Dr. Wheelock, 
with one member of the Connecticut Colonial government, 
Governor Wentworth, with three of his Council, and the 
Speaker of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, 
were constituted the first Board of Trust. This arrangement, 
the result of friendly negotiation, appears to have been satis- 
factory to both parties. 

October 25, 1769, Dr. Wheelock writes to Governor Went- 
worth, expressing much satisfaction with his " catholic views," 
and warm friendship, as indicated by his letter of the 18th, 
and says : " If your Excellency shall see fit in your wisdom 
and goodness to complete the Charter desired, and it will be 
the least satisfaction to you to christen the House to be built 
after your own name, it will be exceedingly grateful to me, 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 47 

and I believe to all concerned." He deems it important that 
the public should understand, " that the benevolent charities 
are not designed to be applied merely and exclusively to the 
advancement of sectaries, with a fixed view to discourage the 
Established Churcli of England." It should here be remarked 
that three of the original Trustees of the College were nomi- 
nally Episcopalians, and the remaining nine were, most or all, 
nominally Congregationalists, although some had Presbyterian 
tendencies. 

In writing "to Lord Dartmouth, March 12, 1770, after re- 
ferring to the " enclosed copy of incorporation," which was 
dated December 13, 1769, President Wheelock says : " Gov- 
ernor Wentwortli thought best to reject that clause in my 
draught of the Charter' which gave the Honorable Trust in 
England equal power with the Trustees here to nominate and 
appoint the president, from time to time, apprehending it 
would make the body too unwieldy, but he cheerfully consented 
that I should express my gratitude and duty to your Lord- 
ship, by christening after your name ; and as there seemed to 
be danger of many embarrassments, in many ways, in the 
present ruffled and distempered state of the kingdom, I thought 
prudent to embrace the first opportunity to accomplish it." 
The letter indicates that Dr. Wheelock determined what 
should be the name of the institution without conferring with 
his distinguished benefactor on that point. 

That the English Trustees were somewhat dissatisfied, tem- 
porarily, with the measure of responsibility assumed by Dr. 
Wheelock, there is no doubt. But nearly perfect harmony 
was restored, by the prudence of that excellent diplomatist. 
In writing to these gentlemen, June 20, 1771, he says : '' I 
am confident that, had you been upon the spot, you would 
have approved every step I have taken, unless it was my at- 
tempt to effect so great an affair as settling in this wilderness 
in so short a time, which the event has fully j ustified, although 
my trials have been very great." He also expresses the 
opinion, that, if they will compare his plan proposed in his 
former letters with his procedure since, they will find that he 
has " invariably kept the same object in view." Later rec- 
ords indicate that President Wheelock still numbered Lord 



48 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

Dartmouth and others of the English Board among his faith- 
ful friends. Although not oflB.cially connected with the col- 
lege, they evidently cherished an abiding interest in its wel- 
fare. 

The Charter, so remarkable in its history, is a valuable and 
an enduring monument to the genius, skill, and learning of 
its distinguished framers.^ Like the Charters of Harvard and 
Yale, it indicates that the clergy were regarded, generally, as 
the best depositaries of educational trusts. In the former 
case, the ''teaching elders" of the "six next adjoining 
towns " were ex-officio, " Overseers ; " in the latter, the orig- 
inal Trustees were all clergymen. It may safely be asserted 
that, of the large number of eminent gentlemen, who, as 
Trustees, have administered the affairs of Dartmouth College, 
none have been more eminent for their wisdom or fidelity 
than the reverend clergy. 

^ See Appendix. 



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CHAPTER VII. 

PRESIDENT WHEELOCK'S PERSONAL EXPLORATIONS IN NEW 
HAMPSHIRE. — LOCATION AT HANOVER. 

In his " Narrative " for 1771, President Wheelock tells the 
story of Dartmouth's location in the Granite State so plainly 
and satisfactorily, that we can do no better than to give his 
own recapitulation and condensation of the leading facts. 

" The smiles of heaven upon this school were such that it 
appeared quite necessary to build to accommodate it ; and the 
plan which I laid for this purpose was to secure a sufficient 
tract of good land for the only use and benefit of the school, 
and that the English charity scholars should be led to turn 
their exercises for the relaxation of their minds from their 
studies, and for the preservation of health, from such exercises 
as have been frequently used by students for these purposes, 
to such manual labor as might be subservient to the support 
of the school, thereby effectually removing the deep preju- 
dices, so universal in the minds of the Indians, against going 
into the business of husbandry." 

" The necessity of building, and also that I proposed to fix 
it at any distance where the design might be best served by 
it, became publicly known, whereupon great numbers in 
Connecticut and in neighboring Provinces made generous 
offers to invite the settlement of it in their respective places. 
In which affair I employed proper agents to view the several 
situations proposed, and hear the several arguments and 
reasons that might be offered by the solicitors for it, and 
make a faithful report of the same. 

" The magistracy of the city of Albany offered an interest 
estimated at .£2,300 sterling, besides private donations, which 
it was supposed would be large, to fix it in that city. Several 
other generous offers were made to fix it in that vicinity. 
His Excellency, Sir Francis Bernard, Governor of the Prov- 



50 -DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

ince of the Massachusetts Bay, in company with two others, 
offered 2,000 acres of good land in a central town ^ in the 
county of Berkshire in said Province. To which were added 
several other donations, amounting in the whole to 2,800 acres 
of land, and a subscription said to be about £800 sterling. 
Also generous offers were made to it in Stockbridge and other 
towns in that Province. Several generous offers were made 
by particular towns and parishes in the Colony of Connecti- 
cut, and particularly to continue it where it had its rise. But 
the country being so filled up with inhabitants, it was not 
practicable to get so large a tract of lands as was thought to 
be most convenient and useful for it in those old settlements. 
The Honorable Trust in England gave the preference to the 
western part of the Province of New Hampshire, on Connecti- 
cut river, as the site of the school." 

Before this period he " began to be convinced by many 
weighty reasons that a greater proportion of English youth 
must be prepared for missionaries to take entirely the lead of 
the affairs in the wilderness." He also was deeply impressed 
with the want of ministers in a large number of towns, nearly 
two hundred in all, just then newly settling in the Connecti- 
cut valley. In view of all the circumstances, and especially 
the fact that there was a disposition on the part of many 
young men who had the ministry in view to seek preparation 
for it elsewhere, than at Yale or Harvard, he felt it his duty 
to adhere to his plan of extension. 

" As neither the Honorable Trust in England nor the Char- 
ter had fixed upon the particular town or spot on which the 
buildings should be erected, wherefore to complete the matter, 
as soon as the ways and streams would allow, I took the Rev. 
Mr. Pomeroy, and Esq. [Samuel] Gilbert (a gentleman of 
known ability for such a purpose) with me to examine thor- 
oughly, and compare the several places proposed, within the 
limits prescribed for fifty or sixty miles on or near said River ; 
and to hear all the reasons and arguments that could be of- 
fered in favor of each of them, in which service we faithfully 
spent eight weeks. And in consequence of our report and 
representation of facts, the Trustees unanimously agreed that 
the southwesterly corner of Hanover adjoining upon Lebanon 

1 Pittsfield. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 51 

was the place above an}' to fix it in ; and that for many rea- 
sons, namely, it is most central on the River, and most con- 
venient for transportation up and down the River ; as near as 
any to the Indians ; convenient for communication with 
Crown Point on Lake Champlain, and with Canada. The 
situation is on a beautiful plain, the soil fertile and easy of 
cultivation. The tract on which the college is fixed, lying 
mostly in one body, and convenient for improvement, in the 
towns of Hanover and Lebanon, contains upwards of 3,000 
acres." 

We quote from official records : 

"Portsmouth, Xew Hampshire, July 5, 1770. 
" We, the subscribers nominated Trustees of Dartmouth 
College, in the Charter of said college, and being duly quali- 
fied as directed by said Charter, have taken into consideration 
the places whereon said college might be situated ; and do 
hereby certify that it is our advice, opinion and vote that said 
Dartmouth College be situated and erected upon lands in the 
township of Hanover upon Connecticut river in the Province 
aforesaid, provided the lands, moneys, and other aids subscribed 
for the use of said Dartmouth College, if placed in Hanover 
aforesaid, be firmly and securely conveyed to the Trustees of 
and for the use of said College. And also that the said town 
of Hanover, and Lebanon, previously consent and petition to 
the Legislature that a contiguous parish of at least three miles 
square, in and adjoining to these aforesaid towns of Hanover 
and Lebanon, be set off and incorporated into a separate and 
distinct parish under the immediate jurisdiction of the afore- 
said Dartmouth College. 

'' In witness whereof we have hereunto signed this instru- 
ment for placing buildings and establishing the said college 
in Hanover aforesaid, upon the aforesaid conditions. 

" J. Wentwoeth. 

*' Theodore Atkinson. 

"Eleazar Wheelock. 

" Geoege Jaffrey. 

"D. Pierce. 

"P. Oilman. 

" Benj. Pomeroy." 



62 DABTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

"Hartford, 17th July, 1770. 
" We, the subscribers, being nominated Trustees of Dart- 
mouth College, and being duly qualified according to the Char- 
ter of such college, do hereby agree to the situation of said 
college as determined by the Trustees as above signed ; pro- 
vided (in addition to the conditions they have specified), that 
Dr. Wheelock may be accommodated with a suitable farm, at 
or near the college ; apprehending that his past labors and 
expenses, and his present connection with said institution, 
justly merit such consideration. 

" Wm. Pitkin, 
" James Lockwood, 
" TiiMOTHY Pitkin, 
" John Smalley." 

The " Coos " region now demands our more careful atten- 
tion. 

While southern New England was largely occupied by 
emigrants from the Mother Country, and their descendants, 
in the seventeenth century, much of its northern portions, 
and especially the rich valley of the upper Connecticut, was 
still covered with the virgin forests. As early as 1752, Theo- 
dore Atkinson (whose name will become more familiar to us) 
and others in Eastern New Hampshire, had formed a plan for 
acquiring and colonizing the best portion of this unoccupied, 
but fertile and inviting, basin. But the proud and lordly In- 
dian disputed their right to invade this ancient and charming 
hunting-ground, whose meadows almost spontaneously pro- 
duced the choicest corn, and they desisted from their pur- 
pose. 

The immediate occasion of the settlement of this part of 
the Connecticut valley was the French war. In the progress 
of that war, the New England troops had cut a road from the 
older settlements in the south part of the Province through 
Charlestown, then called No. 4, to Crown Point. The soldiers 
in passing through this valley became acquainted with its fer- 
tility and value. 

The soil of Eastern Connecticut being exhausted in some 
measure, her hardy and enterprising yeoinanry now gladly 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 53 

turned toward a region where honest industry would find a 
surer and better reward. Many of them knew the value of 
religion by a vital experience, and all knew the value of sound 
learning by experience or close observation. 

The leading founders of Hanover were of the highly re- 
spectable Freeman family, of Mansfield, Conn. The early 
history of this family in America connects it with the Brad- 
ford and Prince families. The pioneer settler at Hanover 
was Edmund Freeman. Of this, worthy and enterprising 
man, sincere Christian, earnest patriot, and valuable coad- 
jutor of President Wheelock, it is said : " Of distinguished 
uprightness and integrity, he commanded universal respect 
and esteem." Hon. Jonathan Freeman was his brother. 

Another family to whom Hanover is largely indebted for 
its solid foundations bears the no less distinguished name of 
Storrs, also of Mansfield, the old ancestral home of all, or 
nearly all, of that name, who in various ways have been con- 
spicuous in giving " strength and beauty " to American insti- 
tutions. Of Joseph Storrs, an early donor to Dartmouth, it 
is said : " He was the younger son of Samuel Storrs the second, 
and grandson of Samuel Storrs the elder, from whom all of 
the name in America are descended, excepting one family 
near Richmond, Va. He was a member of the first board of 
selectmen of the town of Hanover." 

The town contained about twenty families at the period of 
which we are writing. The relations of some other early set- 
tlers with President Wheelock deserve equally careful notice. 
John Wright, from Lebanon, Conn., was a man of marked 
ability and decided religious character. He was deeply in- 
terested in the new college, and as pioneer explorer and artisan 
rendered its founder invaluable aid. His name also heads the 
list of the Hanover donors of lands. 

David Woodward, formerly a parishioner of President Whee- 
lock, and afterward widely known for his strong mind, his 
public spirit, and patriotism, also cooperated earnestly with 
him while he was laying foundations. His house appears to 
have furnished the venerable president his first headquarters, 
while planning future operations. 

Nathaniel Wright, from Coventr}^ Conn., was a relation of 



64 DABTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

John Wright. His descendants have honored the coUege, as 
some of them still honor the memory of an ancestor, whose 
name is inseparably and prominently connected with the civil 
and religious history of the town. His heart and hand were 
with President Wheelock, and his log cabin was a welcome 
resting-place. 

James Murch, one of the more enterprising among the early 
settlers, was also from Connecticut, where he had formed some 
acquaintance with President Wheelock and his plans. Upon 
him it seems to have devolved, in some measure at least, to 
set forth in homely but vigorous language the leading attrac- 
tions of this locality. 

Reverting to the "Narrative," we give President Wheelock's 
own graphic account of labor and privation, which, in view of 
all the circumstances, has few parallels in history : 

" After I had finished this tour [of exploration] and made 
a short stay at home, to settle some affairs, I returned again 
into the wilderness, to make provision for the removal and 
settlement of my family and school there before winter. I 
arrived in August [1770], and found matters in such a situa- 
tion as at once convinced me of the necessity of being myself 
upon the spot. And as there was no house conveniently near, 
I made a hutt of logs about eighteen feet square, without stone, 
brick, glass, or nail, and with thirty, forty, and sometimes 
fifty laborers appointed to their respective departments, I 
betook myself to a campaign. I set some to build a house 
for myself and family, of forty by thirty-two feet, and one 
story high, and others to build a house for my students of 
eighty by thirty-two, and two stories high." 

His family and about twenty or thirty students arriving be- 
fore the completion of his house, difficulty in locating having 
arisen, he says : '' I housed my stuff with my wife and the 
females of my family in my hutt. My sons and students made 
booths and beds of hemlock boughs, and in this situation we 
continued about a month, till the 29th day of October, when 
I removed with my family to my house." 

A few last words to one who for a long period had regarded 
his work with more than fraternal interest, and himself with 
more than fraternal affection, fitly portray the state of Presi- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 55 

dent Wlieelock's mind and heart in those days of toil and trial 
and hope : 

" From my Hutt in Hanover Woods in the Province of 
New Hampshire, August 27, 1770. 

" My dear Sir : — I long to see you and spend one day 
with you on the affairs of the Redeemer's kingdom. It would 
be vain to attempt to tell you of the many and great affairs I 
am at present involved in, in all which I have had much of the 
loving-kindness, faithfulness, and goodness of God. I am this 
day sending for my family and expect the house will be made 
comfortable for their reception by the time they arrive. My 
prospects are, by the goodness of God, vastly encouraging. A 
series of merciful occurrences has persuaded me that God de- 
signs great good to his church among English as well as In- 
dians by this institution. I was informed at Boston, in my 
late journey, that the Commissioners have plenty of their 
constituents' money which lies useless for want of missiona- 
ries, and for many weighty reasons I have thought that the 
Redeemer's cause might be much served by Mr. Kirtland's ^ 
going to their pay. This was an important point I wished to 
consult you in. Likely your own thoughts may suggest some 
reasons and such as you shall think sufficient without my dis- 
closing many that are not public. If you think favorably of 
it, please to propose it to them, as you will likely have an 
opportunity for before you leave the continent. I have a 
number fitted and fitting for missions more than the fund 
already collected will support, and if that may be saved, and 
at the same time uniformity and good agreement between the 
Boards is promoted, it will be well. I wrote you from Ded- 
ham on my late journey from Boston. I rejoice to hear that 
your bow yet abides in strength ; that God has once more 
made you useful in America. I am chained here ; there is no 
probability that the buildings will be seasonably and well ac- 
complished if I should leave them. I don't expect to see you 
till we meet in the general convention on the other shore. 
Please to favor me with a line, and your thoughts on the 
question proposed. You may send from Boston by the North- 

1 The modern orthography is Kirkland. 



66 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

field post, directed to me at Hanover in this Province. Oli, 
how glad should I be to see you in this wilderness ! 
" My dear sir, farewell. 

" I am yours in the dear Jesus. 

" Eleazae, Wheelock. 
'* Rev. George Whitefield." 

There appears to have been no subsequent meeting, on 
earth, of these eminent coadjutors in all good works. The 
one was called to his reward above, just as the other was be- 
ginning to enjoy the fruition of his labors on earth. Few 
names deserve more honor, in connection with the founding 
of Dartmouth College, than that of 

George Whi;cefield.i 

1 Many things, which cannot be specified, illustrating the history of this period 
and others, are necessarily placed in the Appendix. 




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CHAPTER VIII. 

COMMENCEMENT OF OPERATIONS. — COURSE OF STUDY.— 
POLICY OF ADMINISTRATION. 

Instruction at Dartmouth appears to have commenced in 
December following the removal, with four classes in attend- 
ance. 

In writing to Dr. Erskine, December 7, 1770, President 
Wheelock says : " I am now removed into the wilderness with 
'my family, and about thirty students, English and Indians, 
who are all designed for the Indian service." After referring 
to the erection of a house for his family, and " another " for 
his students, he says : " I have also built a school-house, 
which is convenient. My nearest neighbor in the town is two 
and one half miles from me. I can see nothing but the lofty 
pines about me. My family and students are in good health, 
and well pleased with a solitude so favorable to their studies." 

In President Wheelock's account-book, David Huntington, 
Thomas Kendall, Ebenezer Gurlej^ Augustine Hibbard, James 
Dean, and Joseph Grover, are charged with tuition from vari- 
ous dates, ranging from December 7th to December 14th. 
The rate is Is. 4:d. per week, " deducting abscences." In 
Connecticut, the tuition, for classical instruction in the school, 
had been Is. 6d. per week. 

The following, from President Wheelock to a distant cor- 
respondent, indicates sufficient patronage of the new institu- 
tion ; 

"Hanover, December 3, 1770. 

" Dear Sir, — Your son, with companion, are safely ar- 
rived. I 've sent back part of my students to Connecticut. 
I 've just got studies fitted, and made provision for the sup- 
port of the rest of them. The great difficulty in taking your 



58 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

son is the want of provisions in this starved country. I send 
to Northfield and Montague for my bread, and expect supply 
chiefly from thence." 

The facilities for acquiring classical and scientific education 
appear to have been substantially the same at Dartmouth, at 
the outset, as in other American colleges of that period. 

The discoveries of Newton and Franklin had a marked, if 
not controlling, influence upon the thought of the eighteenth 
century. 

No American college, perhaps, felt this influence more 
than President Wheelock's Alma Mater, in which Franklin 
took a deep interest. 

At the period of the founding of Dartmouth, we find that, 
in Yale College, "the Faculty consisted of Dr. Daggett, who 
was President, and Professor of Divinity ; Rev. Nehemiah 
Strong, Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 
and two or three tutors. 

President Wheelock doubtless had his Alma Mater espe- 
cially in mind, in planning the curriculum of Dartmouth. 
He was himself Professor of Divinity, as well as President. 
His first associate in instruction, who acted in the capacity of 
tutor, was Mr. Bezaleel Woodward, who had graduated at 
Yale College in 1764, during the presidency of Rev. Thomas 
Clap, of whom his associate in the Faculty, the future Presi- 
dent Stiles, says : " In Mathematics and Natural Philosophy 
I have reason to think he was not equaled by more than one 
man in America." The fact that Mr. Woodward was subse- 
quently, for many years, a highly esteemed professor of 
Mathematics in the college, indicates that he was a worthy 
pupil of his distinguished teacher. 

There can be no doubt that the college was highly favored, 
in its beginnings, in having a president who had been, while 
at college, distinguished as a classical scholar, and in later 
life as an able and a learned divine, aided by a younger 
teacher, whose scientific attainments well qualified him for the 
duties of his position. 

The first preceptor of the Charity School, at Hanover, was 
David McClure, who had recently graduated at Yale College. 
He was an able and a successful teacher. The various rela- 



DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 59 

tions of the school and college were so intimate at this period, 
that it is nearly impossible to dissociate them. The word 
" school," as used by President Wheelock, frequently includes 
the college. 

Three of Dartmouth's first class were prepared for college 
at the "Indian Charity School" in Lebanon, and passed their 
first three ^^^ears at Yale. 

The following letter from an eminent teacher, referred to in 
a previous chapter, addressed to President Wheelock, intro- 
duces their only new classmate : 

" Lebanon, August 10, 1770. 

" Rev. Sir : The bearer, Samuel Gray, entered my school 
about two years ago, and in that time has been about four 
months absent. He was well fitted for college when he was 
first under my care, and having applied himself with proper 
diligence to his studies, and being favored with a genius some- 
what better than common, has made a progress in his learning 
answerable to his industry. He will be found upon exam- 
ination to be pretty well acquainted with Virgil, Tully, and 
Horace. He is likewise able to construe any part of the Greek 
Testament. He parses and makes Latin rather better than 
common. He has been through the twelve first books of 
Homer, but, as 't is more than a year since he recited that 
author, am afraid he has lost the greater part of what he then 
understood pretty well. In Arithmetic, vulgar and decimal, 
he is well versed. I have likewise taught him Trigonometry, 
Altimetry, Longimetry, Navigation, Surveying, Dialing, and 
Gauging. He has been through Martin's ' Philosophical Gram- 
mar ' twice, — the greater part of which he understands very 
well. He has likewise studied Whiston's ' Astronomy,' all 
except the calculations, which he doth not understand. He 
is likewise pretty well acquainted with Geography and the use 
of the globes. He went through Watts' ' Logic ' last winter, 
but having no taste for that study, or rather an aversion to 
it, he is not so well skilled in that as in some other parts of 
learning. About a year ago he went through so much of 
rhetoric as is contained in the ' Preceptor,' but suppose he 
has forgot the most of it. Upon the whole, though he may 



60 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

not, perhaps, be so well versed in some parts of learning as 
the class which he proposes to enter, yet if he applies himself 
to his studies with proper diligence, he will be rather an honor 
than a disgrace to any college where he shall be graduated. I 
ought in justice to him to add, that he is an orderly, well- 
behaved youth, and has conducted so well in ray school ever 
since he has been with me that I have never had the least 
difference with him on any account whatever. 

" I am, reverend sir, with much esteem, 

" Your most humble servant, 

*' Nathan Tisdale. 

*' P. S. I have another pupil whom I shall offer for admis- 
sion into your college at the end of the vacancy [vacation] , 
if I can fit him by that time." 

A portion of a letter from a somewhat distinguished clergy- 
man and teacher, Rev. Simeon Williams, of Windham, N. H., 
introducing several prominent members of the class of 1774, 
is worthy of notice here, although written in 1772. In con- 
nection with the reply, it throws additional light upon the 
first prescribed course of study at Dartmouth. After expres- 
sions indicating confidence that President Wheelock will at- 
tend, faithfully, to the welfare of the young men, the language 
is as follows : 

" When they first came to my school they had read enough 
of Virgil and the lower Latin classics, together with a suffi- 
cient knowledge of the Greek Testament, to enable them to 
pass into any of the colleges as Freshmen. But when their 
fathers informed me that they intended their residence only 
for two years, and that they expected, if they were under my 
care, I would qualify them in all the parts of the Freshman and 
Sophomore years, so as they might with honor and ability en- 
ter the Junior class, with mature deliberation, I undertook the 
arduous task. The first year I confined their studies to Vir- 
gil, Cicero's ' Orations,' together with their improvement in 
Geography, Rhetoric, and occasional declamations, etc. This 
second year they have been reading Homer and Horace, Cicero 
de Oratore, and a part of Xenophon. I liave also carefully 
instructed them in all the four parts of Logic from Doctor Fin- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 61 

lay's ' Latin Compend,' expounding the same by familiar lec- 
tures, for the most part extracted from Mr. Locke and Doctor 
Watts. There is one kind of study which this last year they 
have been much employed in, — I mean double translation, — 
their improvement therein will appear to you by casting your 
eye on their various manuscripts. I would observe to you that 
I have not introduced them to the knowledge of mathematical 
learning, knowing it is most usual in colleges to put them to 
those studies in the Junior year." 

In reply President' Wheelock says : " We have examined 
the youth you sent, and find them deficient in several parts 
of learning which the [Junior] class have made some pro- 
ficiency in, viz.. Mathematics, Geography, and parsing Greek. 
They have studied Tullie de Oratore, and Xenophon, and 
some in Homer, more than that class have done. On the 
whole I have concluded to take them into that class, only with 
this condition, that they recite those things in which they are 
deficient with the Sophomore class while their own class re- 
cite other parts in which they exceed them." The studies of 
the Senior year do not appear to have differed materially from 
those of other colleges, of that period. Jonathan Edwards 
was a favorite author in metaphysics and theology. 

President Wheelock in his " Narrative," for 1771, gives the 
following lucid statement of the policy and aims of the school 
and college : "It is earnestly recommended to the students 
both in college and school, 

" 1. That all the English students in the college and school 
treat the Indian children with care, tenderness and kindness, 
as younger brethren, and as may be most conducive to the 
great ends proposed. 

*' 2. That they turn the course of their diversions and exer- 
cises for their health to the practice of some manual arts, or 
cultivation of gardens, and other lands, at the proper hours of 
leisure and intermission from study and vacancies in the col- 
lege and school. 

" 3. That no English scholar, whether supported by charity 
or otherwise, shall, at any time, speak diminutively of the 
practice of labor, or by any means cast contempt upon it, or 
by word or action endeavor to discredit or discourage the 



62 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

same, on penalty of his being obliged, at the discretion of the 
president or tutor, to perform the same or the equivalent to 
that which he attempted to discredit ; or else (if he be not a 
charity scholar) to hire the same done by others, or, in case 
of refusal and obstinacy in this ofi'ense, that he be dismissed 
from college, and denied all the privileges and honors of it. 

" 4. That no scholar shall be employed in labor in the hours 
of study, or so as to interrupt him in his studies, unless upon 
special emergencies, and with liberty from the president or a 
tutor. 

" 5. That accounts be faithfully kept of all the labor so done 
by them, either for the procuring provisions for the support of 
the college and school, or that which shall be for real and last- 
ing advantage to this institution ; and such accounts shall be 
properly audited, and a record kept of the same for the bene- 
fit of such scholars, if they should be called by the providence 
of God to withdraw from their purpose of serving as mission- 
aries in the wilderness, or to leave the service before they have 
reasonably compensated the expense of their education. 

" 6. That such as are not charity scholars, but pay for their 
education, may have liberty to labor for the benefit of the in- 
stitution at such times as are assigned to charity scholars, and 
the just value of their labor be accounted towards the expense 
of their support. 

"7. That no Freshman shall be taken off, or prevented 
labor, by any errand for an under-graduate, without liberty 
obtained from the president or a tutor. 

" iV". B. Occasional errands and services for the college and 
school are not designed to be accounted, nor their procuring 
fuel for their fires, and things equivalent for their own and 
their chamber's use in particular, nor anything which shall 
not be of real or lasting benefit for the whole, unless in cases 
where they are incapacitated for labor, and yet are able to 
perform such errands for or in the room of those who can and 
do labor in their stead. 

" Lastly. That this Indian Charity School, connected with 
Dartmouth College, be constantly hereafter and forever called 
and known by the name of ' Moor's School.' 

" Moreover poor youth, who shall seek an education here, 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 63 

at their own expense, may not only have the advantage of 
paying any part of that by turning their necessary diversions 
to manual labor, but also, as all that will be paid by such as 
support themselves will be disposed of for the support of the 
Indian, or other charity scholars, therefore, whatever clothing 
or provisions shall be necessary for the school will be good 
pay at a reasonable price. 

" His Excellency Governor Wentworth, among many other 
expressions of his care and zeal to preserve the purity and se- 
cure the well-being of this seminary against such evils as have 
been the ruin of, or at least have a very threatening aspect 
upon others which have come within his knowledge, has in- 
sisted upon it as a condition of location, to which all the trus- 
tees have cheerfully subscribed, that wherever it should be 
fixed, there should be a society of at least three miles square, 
which should be under the jurisdiction of the college, that 
thereby unwholesome inhabitants may be prevented settling, 
and all hurtful or dangerous connections with them, or practices 
among them may be seasonably discovered and prevented in 
a leg.al way.^ 

" As this institution is primarily designed to christianize the 
heathen, that is, to form the minds and manners of their 
children to the rules of religion and virtue ; and to educate 
pious youth of the English to bear the Redeemer's name 
among them in the wilderness ; and secondarily to educate 
meet persons for the sacred work of the ministry, in the 
churches of Christ among the English ; so it is of the last and 
very special importance, that all who shall be admitted here 
in any capacity, and especially for an education, be of sober, 
blameless and religious behavior, that neither Indian children 
nor others may be in danger of infection by examples which 
are not suitable for their imitation. And accordingly I think 
it proper to let the world know there is no encouragement 
given that such as are vain, idle, trifling, flesh-pleasing, or such 
as are on any account vicious or immoral, will be admitted 
here ; or, if such should by disguising themselves obtain ad- 

1 The town of Hanover, at three different times within the next twenty-five years, 
by their vote sanctioned this incorporation of the " College District." But the 
plan was never favorably regarded, apparently, by the New Hampshire Legislature. 



64 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

mittance, that they will not be allowed to continue members 
after they are known to be such ; nor will it be well taken, if, 
on any pretense whatever, any shall attempt to introduce or 
impose any youth upon this seminary, whose character shall 
be incongruous to, and militates against, the highest, chiefest, 
and dearest interests of the first objects of it. 

*' And it is my purpose, by the grace of God, to leave nothing 
undone, within my power, which is suitable to be done, that 
this school of the prophets may be and long continue to be a 
pure fountain. 

" And I do with all my heart will this my purpose to all ray 
successors in the presidency of this seminary, to the latest pos- 
terity; and it is my last will never to be revoked, and to 
God I commit it, and my only hope and confidence for the 
execution of it is in Him alone, who has already done great 
things for it and does still own it as his cause ; and blessed be 
his name that every present member of it, as well as great 
numbers abroad, I trust, do join their hearty Amen with 



CHAPTER IX. 

PROGRESS TO THE DEATH OF PRESIDENT WHEELOCK. — 
PROMINENT FEATURES OF HIS CHARACTER. 

The foundations being completed, the superstructure now 
claims our attention. We give somewhat full details of 
affairs during the opening years. The following is an extract 
from a letter from Mr. M'Clare to his early friend, General 
Knox, dated at Hanover, March 20, 1771 : 

" The winter has been very moderate and the heavens clear 
and serene. The situation is much more agreeable than I 
imagined it would be last fall, before I set out from Connecti- 
cut. The number of the students in the college and school is 
about thirty. I have at present the care of the Grammar 
School, and I find no small pleasure in ' teaching the young 
idea how to shoot.' Heaven has remarkably smiled upon the 
generous and pious design of the Reverend Doctor, and sup- 
ported it amidst numberless difficulties and embarrassments, 
and it affords a prospect of being in time a great and extensive 
blessing to this part of the world and to the tawny inhabitants 
of our continent." 

The first Commencement, in August, 1771, attracted a large 
audience, including many from a distance, among them Gov- 
ernor Wentworth. Dr. Langdon had previously manifested 
his deep interest in the college by a personal visit. 

In his " Narrative," for the period from May, 1771, to 
September, 1772, President Wheelock says : 

'* I have now finished (so far as to render comfortable and 
decent) the building to accommodate my students, of eighty 
by thirty-two feet, and have done it in the plainest and cheap- 
est manner, which furnishes sixteen comfortable rooms, besides 
a kitchen, hall, and store-room. I have also built a saw-mill 

5 



66 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

and grist-mill, which appear to be well done, and are the prop- 
erty of the school, and will likely afford a pretty annual in- 
come to it. I have also built two barns, one of twenty-eight 
by thirty-two feet, the other of fifty-five by forty, and fifteen 
feet post. I liave also raised, and expect to finish, within a 
few days, a malt-house of thirty feet square, and several other 
lesser buildings which were found necessary. I have cleared, 
and in a good measure fitted for improvement, about seventy 
or eighty acres of land, and seeded with English grain about 
twenty acres, from which I have taken at the late harvest, 
what was esteemed a good crop, considering the land was so 
lately laid open to the sun. I have cut what is judged to 
be equal to fourteen or fifteen tons of good hay, which I 
stacked, by which the expense of supporting a team and cows 
the ensuing winter may be considerably lessened. I have also 
about eighteen acres of Indian corn now on the ground, which 
promises a good crop. My laborers are preparing more lands 
for improvement ; some to sow with Enghsh grain this fall, 
and others for pasturing, which sad experience has taught me 
the necessity of, as I have suffered much by being disappointed 
of this benefit, through the negligence of a number, who sub- 
scribed labor to encourage the settlement of the school in 
this place, and, in excuse for their not being as punctual in 
performing as they appeared liberal in subscribing, plead 
their poverty and the necessities of their families in their new 
beginnings in this wilderness. 

" I hope through the blessing of God, even the ensuing 
year, we shall find that near sufficient has been raised on these 
lands to supply the school with bread, which will be a great 
relief not only as to the expense, but as to care and fatigue 
in procuring it ; as the greatest and cheapest part of the sup- 
port of my family has been transported above an hundred, 
and much of it near two hundred miles through new and bad 
roads ; which has made the expense of some articles equal to 
the first cost, and many of them much more. The cheapest 
fodder I had the last winter to support my team and a few 
cows was brought forty miles on sleds by oxen. 

"It is not easy for one who is not acquainted with the affair 
of building and settling in such a wilderness to conceive of 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 67 

the many difficulties, fatigues, and extraordinary expenses 
attending it ; nor does it make the burden at all less, if there 
are numbers settling within a few miles, who are poor and 
needy, and so far from having ability to contribute their 
assistance to others, as to stand in constant need of help them- 
selves. 

" The number of my students belonging to the college and 
school has been from forty to fifty, of which from five to nine 
have been Indians. The English youth on charity are all fit- 
ting for missionaries, if God in his providence shall open a 
door for their serving him in that capacity, and they have 
been about twenty. 

" My students have been universally well engaged in their 
studies, and a number of independent as well as charity schol- 
ars, have only by turning a necessary diversion to agreeable 
manual labor, done much to lessen the expense of their edu- 
cation the last year." 

In an appendix to this " Narrative," dated September 26, 
1772, after referring to a prospect of obtaining sons of some 
of the Caghnawaga chiefs, President Wheelock says : " One 
was a descendant from the Rev. Mr. Williams, who was 
captivated from Deerfield in 1704. Another was a descend- 
ant from Mr. Tarbell, who was captivated from Groton [in 
1707], who is now a hearty and active man, and the eldest 
chief, and chief speaker of the tribe. The other was son to 
Mr. Stacey, who was captivated from Ipswich, and is a good 
interpreter for that tribe." 

In view of all the facts within our knowledge, it seems 
more than possible that the influence of these and other cap- 
tives, now venerable with age, upon their red brethren, on the 
one hand, and dim but precious memories of their own child- 
hood, on the other, had aided materially in determining the 
location of the college. The patronage of the Canadian tribes 
was President Wheelock's main reliance for Indian students 
after his removal to Hanover. 

In regard to the missionaries sent out by President Whee- 
lock at this period, his biographer says : " Some went into 
the Mohawk and Oneida country, others to the Indians upon 
the Muskingum, and several to the tribes within the bounds 



68 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

of Canada. They found the Indians, the Oneidas excepted, 
universally opposed to them." ^ 

Perhaps it will be safe to make a slight abatement from the 
somewhat sweeping statement which closes this quotation. 

In his " Narrative" for the period between September, 1772, 
and September, 1773, President Wheelock says : " My crops 
were considerably shortened the last 3^ear, by an uncommon 
rain at the beginning of harvest, and by an untimely frost, 
yet the benefit of that which is saved is very sensible. I 
have this year cut about double the quantity of hay which I 
cut last year, namely, about thirty tons. I have reaped about 
twenty acres of English grain, which crop appeared to be very 
heavy before harvest, and proved too much so, as a consider- 
able part of it fell down of its own weight before maturity ; 
however, though it be much less than the prospect was, it is 
a ver^^ considerable relief. I have about twent}^ acres of In- 
dian corn on the ground, which, considering the newness 
and imperfect tillage of the land, promises a considerable 
crop. 

" I have cleared sufficient for pasturing, i. e. have cut and 
girdled all the growth upon five hundred acres, and a part of 
it have sowed with hay- seed ; the rest I expect will be ready 
to receive the seed as soon as it shall be dry enough to burn 
the trash upon it in the spring. The soil is generally good, 
and I hope the school will experience the benefit of it in due 
time. I have inclosed with a fence about two thousand acres 
of this wilderness, that I might be able to restrain oxen, cows, 
horses, etc., from rambling beyond my reach. 

" I have seven yoke of oxen and about twenty cows, all the 
property and employed in the service of the school. The 
number of my laborers for six months past has generalljT^ been 
from thirty to forty, besides those employed at the mills, in 
the kitchen, wash-house, etc. The number of my students, 
dependent and independent, the last year was about eighty. 
A little more than three years ago there was nothing to be 
seen here but a horrid wilderness ; now there are eleven com- 
fortable dwelling-houses (beside the large one I built for my 
students), built by tradesmen and such as have settled in 
1 Memoirs of Wheelock. p. 63. 



DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 69 

some connection with, and have been admitted for the benefit 
of, this school, and all within sixty rods of the college. By 
this means the necessities of this school have been relieved in 
part as to room for my students. Yet the present necessity 
of another and larger building appears to be such that the 
growth of this seminary must necessarily be stinted with- 
out it. 

*' When I think of the great weight of present expense for 
the support of sixteen or seventeen Indian boys, which has 
been my number all the last year, and as many English youth 
on charity, eight in the wilderness who depend upon their 
support wholly from this quarter, which has been the case a 
considerable part of this year, such a number of laborers, and 
under necessity to build a house for myself (as the house I 
have lived in was planned for a store-house, and must be used 
for that purpose) and expense for three and sometimes four 
tutors, which has been the least number that would suffice for 
well instructing my students, I have sometimes found faint- 
ness of heart. But I have always made it my practice not to 
exceed what my own private interest [property] will pay, in 
case I should be brought to that necessity to do my creditors 
justice." 

In his "Narrative" for the period between September, 
1773, and February, 1775, President Wheelock says : " The 
number of Indians in this school since my last ' Narrative,' 
has been from sixteen to twenty-one, and the whole number 
of charity or dependent scholars about thirty." The whole 
number of students was now about one hundred. 

" The progress of husbandry on this farm, the last year, has 
not been equal in every respect to my hope, the season prov- 
ing so wet as not to favor some branches of it. However, the 
progress of it and the benefit by it, have been very consider- 
able. I have raised and reaped upon the school land, the last 
year, about three hundred bushels of choice wheat, but the 
crop of Indian corn fell much short of my expectations, being 
but about two hundred and fifty bushels. I have cut sixty 
tons of hay the last season, and have a prospect of a very con- 
siderable addition to that quantity the next, if Providence 
shall favor it. 



70 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" I have began to prepare and have a prospect that I shall be 
able to fit about sixty acres of new land to sow with wheat 
the next season. I have improved about twelve or fourteen 
oxen, and about twenty cows, the propert}^ of the school, and 
have a prospect of plenty for their support for summer and 
winter, and I find already the great benefit of having where- 
with to do it this winter without the fatigue and expense of go- 
ing forty miles for it, as I have been forced to do till this year." 

He also refers to important agricultural operations, and the 
erection of buildings at Landaff — Governor Wentworth's first 
choice as a location for the college — and preparations for a 
new college edifice. 

To Messrs. Savage and Keen, he writes, October 24, 1775 : 
" The progress of the great design under my hand has been as 
rapid since resources from your side the water have been sus- 
pended as ever. Every day turns out some new wonder of 
Divine favor towards it. I have this day been out to see my 
laborers who have near finished sowing one hundred and ten 
acres of wheat and rye, but mostly of wheat, one hundred 
acres of it on new land. No providences, however calamitous 
toothers, not even our present public distresses, but seem as 
though they were calculated to favor this design. God gives 
me all I ask for, and He is a prayer-hearing God." 

We are indebted to the present librarian of the college^ for 
the following interesting facts relating to this period : 

" The library of Dartmouth College may be considered as 
older than the college itself, as it had its origin in the ' Indian 
Charity School,' and existed as a handful of books before the 
granting of the college Charter. These books are found prin- 
cipally among the theological works, in folio volumes, with 
Latin texts or notes, and uninviting type. Received as they 
were more than a hundred years ago, they were then publica- 
tions of the preceding century ; and they would hardly find 
their way into the library to-day, if admitted upon the demand 
of readers, yet in their bindings and worn leaves they show 
that by some one they were thoroughly used. A copy of 
' Lightfoot's Harmony of the New Testament,' under date 
of June, 1764, has written across a leaf : ' Received from the 
1 Professor C. W. Scott. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 71 

Rev. Dr. Giiford, of London, sundry second-hand books given 
by poor persons to the Indian Charity School in Lebanon, of 
which this is one.' Marks on other volumes show that Dr. 
Gifford was a contributor as well as a collector. Edinburgh, 
too [through Dr. Erskine], sent its offering of books, and as 
the struggling school came to be better known in England, 
through the commissioners sent to solicit aid, and through 
other sources, such gifts probably became not infrequent. 
The early history and intentions of the college were such as 
to particularly interest clergymen, and in proportion to their 
means they were doubtless the most generous givers of books. 
Their names written across fly-leaves show that many vol- 
umes, in different parts of New England, did service in their 
studies before finding a place in the college library. One of 
the most noteworthy of such benefactors was Rev. Diodate 
Johnson, of Millington, Conn., who, besides other gifts, in 
1773 bestowed his entire library." 

Nearly at the same period with Mr. Johnson's donation, 
Hon. John Phillips, of Exeter, made a handsome donation, 
for a philosophical apparatus. The subsequent appropriation 
of the money, for another purpose, compelled the college to 
dispense with this useful furniture for a considerable period. 

The commencement of the Revolutionary struggle soon 
proved a serious embarrassment to President Wheelock : " The 
din of war drowned the feeble voice of science ; men turned 
away from this ' school of the prophets ' to hear tidings from 
the camp." But the heroic founder stood manfully at his 
post, faithfully performing his duty, with only brief interrup- 
tions, until, in the midst of that great conflict which made us 
a nation, he was called to his reward. He died, after a lin- 
gering illness, at Hanover, on the 24th of April, 1779. His 
first wife, Mrs. Sarah (Davenport) Maltby Wheelock, of the 
distinguished John Davenport family, died in Connecticut. 
His second wife, Mrs. Mary (Brinsmead) Wheelock, was 
spared to minister to the last earthly wants of her revered 
companion. 

President Wheelock lived to see his earnest efforts to pro- 
mote sound learning crowned with a good measure of success. 

The graduates of this period attained such eminence, in 



72 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. . 

nearly all the paths of professional usefulness, as to indicate 
most plainly that they had laid good foundations in college. 
They were honored as teachers, as divines, and as legislators. 
The condition of the college and the country gave them abun- 
dant opportunities for appreci'ating the inscription on the 
armor of the Dartmouth family : " Gaudet tentamine virtus." 

Instead of burning the " midnight oil " of the modern stu- 
dent, they kept the midnight v^^atch against savage foes, at 
least at certain periods. To us, this all looks like romance. 
To them, it was stern reality. 

In a fitting tribute to President Wheelock,^ Rev. Dr. Allen 
says : 

" If it should be asked what success attended the efforts of 
Dr. Wheelock to communicate the gospel to the Indian na- 
tions, it may be replied that he accomplished something for 
their benefit, and that great and insuperable obstacles in the 
providence of God prevented him from accomplishing more. 
It was soon after he sent out missionaries into the wilderness, 
that the controversy with Great Britain blighted his fair and 
encouraging prospects. During the last four years of his life 
there was actual war, in which many of the Indian tribes 
acted with the enemy. Yet the Oneidas, to whom Mr. Kirk- 
land was sent as a missionary, kept the hatchet buried during 
the whole Revolutionary struggle, and by means of this mis- 
sion, probably, were a multitude of frontier settlements saved 
from the tomahawk and the scalping-knife. But even if 
nothing had been accomplished for the benefit of the Indians, 
yet the zeal which chiefly sought their good, reared up a ven- 
erable institution of science, in which many strong minds have 
been disciplined and made to grow stronger, and nerved for 
professional toils and public labors, and in which hundreds of 
ministers have been nurtured for the church of Christ. 

" For enlarged views and indomitable energy, and perse- 
vering and most arduous toils, and for the great results of his 
labors in the cause of religion and learning. Dr. Wheelock 
must ever be held in high honor. He early placed one great 
object before him, and that object held his undivided atten- 
tion for nearly half a century. It is not easy to describe the 

1 Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 73 

variety of his cares and the extent of his toils. When he re-^ 
moved to Hanover his labors were doubled. The two institu- 
tions — the school and the college — were ever kept distinct ; 
in both he was a teacher ; of both he was the chief governor. 
He was also the preacher of the college and village. In the 
government of his school and college, Dr. Wheelock combined 
great patience and kindness with the energy of proper and 
indispensable discipline. He was of n, cheerful and pleasant 
temper and manifested much urbanity in his deportment." 

This clear and forcible language has additional weight when 
we coi>sider, that, during nearly the whole period of his ad- 
administration, he had only the aid of tutors, with no other 
professor. 

President Wheelock's usefulness in the great field of educa- 
tion was not confined to the sons of the forest, during his resi- 
dence in Connecticut. He sought out John Smalley, the son 
of one of his parishioners, in his humble home, prepared him 
for college, and thereby gave him the primary impulse and 
aid, without which one of New England's ablest theologians, 
and the teacher of others of widely extended influence, might 
have remained in life-long retirement. He took Samuel Kirk- 
land, the son of a worthy but indigent brother in the ministry, 
and, to use his own language, " carried him " in his arms, till 
he had completed a thorough preparation for the ministry, and 
finally furnished him a wife from his own kindred and his 
own household. His distinguished beneficiary, beside all his 
other labors, laid the foundation of Hamilton College, and gave 
to Harvard the president of its " Augustan age," his son, John 
Thornton Kirkland. He left the impress of his intellectual 
and religious character upon his pupil, Benjamin Trumbull, 
the records of whose life give him a conspicuous place among 
the earnest preachers and careful historians of his day. The 
valuable influence of others of his early pupils will be felt in 
ever extending circles, down to "the last syllable of recorded 
time." 

There was no need that Eleazar Wheelock should found a 
college at that advanced period of life when men naturally 
seek a measure of repose, in order to "secure for his name an 
honorable position in the long and brilliant catalogue of Ameri- 



74 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

can educators. The crowning act of his Hfe, in the mellowed 
maturity of age, was scarcely more or less than the logical, 
inevitable result of what preceded it. 

The scope of our work does not permit any extended eulogy 
of President Wheelock, nor any thorough analysis of his char- 
acter. With a brief reference to some leading points, we must 
close the record. 

He was eminent as a scholar. The constantly recurring 
and ever pressing duties of earnest and varied professional 
life, left him little leisure for indulging in the luxuries of 
mere aesthetic culture; but his active mind ranged widely 
through the realms of ancient and modern thought, and freely 
appropriated of the richest of their treasures. 

He was eminent as an orator. His eloquence was not 
graced with the well-rounded periods of a Burke, or a Web- 
ster ; but in many a village and hamlet, the burning words 
which fell from his lips stirred the hearts of men to their pro- 
foundest depths. 

He was eminent as a teacher. Through life he gladly 
embraced every opportunity of opening the treasuries of 
knowledge to his fellow-men ; and many who sat under his 
instruction were thereby laid under large obligations, al- 
though, in the rude halls of the infant college, he was always 
more or less embarrassed by the cares of business and the in- 
firmities of advancing years. 

He was eminent in affairs. He raised funds ; procured cor- 
porate franchises and safeguards ; leveled forests, and reared 
edifices in the face of apathy, opposition, and rivalry, with a 
fertility of resources in planning, and an energy in executing, 
which won the admiration of contemporaries in both hemi- 
spheres. 

He was eminent as a patriot. When his faithful friend, 
the last Royal Governor of New Hampshire, upon whom 
through years of toil and trial he had leaned as upon a strong 
staff, abandoned his office, and resolutely adhered to his Sov- 
ereign, and many others to whom he was strongly attached, 
arrayed themselves on the same side, he as resolutely espoused 
the cause of American Independence, and labored to the ex- 
tent of his ability for its accomplishment. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 75 

But neither the scholar, nor the orator, nor the teacher, 
nor the man of affairs, nor the patriot, nor all combined, 
would have secured to any man that conspicuous position 
upon the page of history which the leading founder of Dart- 
mouth College will occupy, so long as solid worth and success- 
ful achievement shall command the attention of the discrimin- 
ating, thoughtful reader. 

Religion was the mainspring of his entire life, the real 
source of all his success. Without it, he might have been 
honored of men ; with it, he was honored of God. Encircling 
all the separate parts of his character, like a golden chain, it 
bound them in one grand, beautiful, harmonious whole. 

In the hallowed seclusion of that thrice-honored valley, 
where Jonathan Edwards was born and Thomas Hooker died, 
— on the western verge of that modest plain, where his long 
and fruitful life bore its latest, richest fruit, — his precious 
dust will slumber " till the heavens be no more," and not till 
then will the Christian scholar, who lingers among the hills 
of central New England, cease to pay his devotions at the 
grave of 

Eleazar Wheelock. 



CHAPTER X. 

PROGRESS DURING THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE SECOND 
PRESIDENT, JOHN WHEELOCK. 

The first President of the College, availing himself of a 
provision in the Charter, named three persons in his will, 
some one of whom he desired should be his successor in the 
office. These were his son, Mr. John Wheelock, Rev. Joseph 
Huntington, of Coventry, Conn., and Prof. Sylvanus Ripley. 
Mr. Wheelock, although a young man, in response to the 
somewhat earnest solicitation of the Trustees, after mature 
deliberation decided to accept the position. His son-in-law. 
Rev. Dr. Allen, gives the leading points in his earlier life in 
the following language : 

" He was born [a son by the father's second marriage] at 
Lebanon, Conn., January 28, 1754, and graduated in Dart- 
mouth's first class, in 1T71. In 1772, he was appointed a 
tutor, and was devoted to the business of instruction until the 
beginning of the Revolution. In 1775, he was a member of 
the [N. H.] Assembly. In the spring of 1777, he was ap- 
pointed a Major in the service of New York; and in No- 
vember, a Lieutenant-colonel in the Continental army under 
Colonel Bedel. In 1778 he marched a detachment from Coos 
to Albany. By direction of Stark he conducted an expedition 
into the Indian country. At the request of General Gates, 
he entered his family, and continued with him, until he was 
recalled to Hanover by the death of his father, in 1779.'* 

The following pages, extracted from the " Sketches of the 
History of Dartmouth College and Moor's Charity School," 
prepared and published under President Wheelock's sanction, 
are deemed worthy of insertion in this connection. 

" The founder and first president spent nine years in plant- 




JOHN WHEELOCK, LL. D. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 77 

ing and raising up a new society, in converting forests into 
fields, — supporting many youths on charity. Persevering 
tlirough difficulties, without any stipend for his labors, the 
seminary grew in vital strength ; — but destitute of patronage 
in America, its resources in Europe mostly expended, and the 
residue wholly obstructed, beset with calamities by the troubles 
and disasters of the Revolutionary War, it was reduced, in 
childhood, to nakedness and want, in the year 1779. Soon 
after the treasurer, making an estimate of the demands upon 
it, pronounced that all the property of the corporation, if sold 
at vendue, would not be sufficient to cancel its debts. Under 
these clouds, the successor of the founder came into office, 
with a humble sense of his duty, and a belief that God, who 
had protected and sustained the seminary in floods of trouble, 
would relieve and build it up. He solicited benefactions 
abroad for support of the charity youths of the school in 1780, 
1781, and 1782. 

" In the latter part of that year Dr. Wheelock, the presi- 
dent, set off for Europe. The Institution and his design were 
known, and sanctioned by very ample recommendations, un- 
necessary to be inserted here, issuing from the highest sources 
in America — from the President and a great majority of the 
members of Congress, in their official characters ; — it ought 
to be recorded — from the Father of his Countrj^, Geokge 
Washington, who well knew Dr. Wheelock, while an officer 
in the Revolutionary War, and honored him with his particular 
notice and friendship ; from many of the most celebrated gen- 
erals of the army, and Governors of the different states, with 
introductory letters from the Chevalier de Luzerne, minister 
plenipotentiary from the court of Versailles, to Count de Ver- 
gennes, prime minister of France, from the Secretary of the 
United States, and other eminent characters to different parts 
of Europe. 

" After some Aveeks spent in France, Dr. Wheelock, receiv- 
ing introductory and friendly letters to Mr. Dumas, the 
American Charge d' Affaires, and others in Holland, from 
Dr. Franklin, and John Adams, proceeded to the Netherlands. 
A considerable sum was obtained in the Netherlands ; but we 
omit a particular account of the respectful treatment and gen- 



78 DARTMOUTH COLLECxE. 

erous benefactions he received from the Prince of Orange and 
others high in office. 

" Thence he embarked for Great Britain, partly with a view, 
much lessened by the public feelings from the Revolution in 
America, to obtain some new aids; but chiefly to reclaim and 
negotiate for the fund in Scotland, belonging to the school. 
It had been barred from before the death of his predecessor, 
whose bills were protested, and still lay with their charges 
unredeemed, besides large accounts for the support of Indian 
youths, without the means of payment, unless by exhausting 
the residue of the property of the college. He traveled from 
Poole to London, where he paid his first and grateful respects 
to the Earl of Dartmouth, Mr. John Thornton and others, 
who, being formerly of the Board of Trust, had been in friend- 
ly relations with the founder, and patronized and cherished the 
seminary, in the jeopardies of its infancy. With his eyes in- 
variably on the object, by an introductory letter from Dr. 
Macclion, to Kalph Griffith, Esq., LL. D., he obtained friendly 
access to Mr. Straghn, member of parliament and the king's 
printer, and became acquainted with his son-in-law, Mr. 
Spotswood. This respected gentleman, largely connected, 
and concerned in the agencies of Scotland, took a benevolent 
and decisive part in consulting, and adopting measures to re- 
store the fund, at Edinburgh, in the care of the Society, to 
its primitive channel. Communications were opened — the 
bills were paid ; and the way prepared for future negotiations, 
till the Society were convinced of the justice of the claim. 
The money has since been applied to the support of the school 
in its original design ; and arrearages of interest remitted to 
the president to cancel the debts overwhelming the seminary. 
He, also, while in England, as on the continent, procured 
some coins and articles appreciated by the virtuosi. By the 
benevolence of Paul Wentworth, Esq., Doctor Rose, and other 
friends to the college, some valuable philosophical instruments 
were obtained, and others promised, the making of which the 
two former kindly engaged to superintend, and forward the 
whole, so soon as completed, to America. A way, besides, 
was preparing to provide natural curiosities for a museum. 
Those instruments, with their additions, well constructed. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 79 

forming an apparatus sufficient for all the more important 
experiments and observations in Natural Philosophy, after- 
wards arrived ; and at the same time a curious and valuable 
collection of stones and fossils from India, and different parts 
of Europe, for the museum, from the beneficent Mr. Forsythe, 
keeper of the king's gardens, at Kensington. All these with 
costs of transportation, were gifts received at the college, by 
the Trustees. Only a word more ; a large and elegant gold 
medal was presented by Mr. Clyde of London, to Dr. Whee- 
lock, in his official character. It is wholly irrelevant to our 
purpose, and needless to speak of the personal civilities and 
friendly notices of Lord Rawden, by whose goodness he was 
introduced at the House of Lords, of Sir John Wentworth, 
Sir J. Blois, Dr. Price, and others, besides those before men- 
tioned. 

" Within three months after the President's return (in 
1784) the Board of Trustees convened and resolved, if suffi- 
cient means could be obtained, to erect an edifice of about one 
hundred and fifty by fifty feet, three stories in height, for the 
college, with convenient accommodations for the members. 
The president, professors, and some of the Trustees in the 
vicinity, were requested by the Board to solicit subscriptions 
for the purpose. They depended on Dr. Wheelock's exer- 
tions, he cheerfully undertook. By his arrangement and 
exertions, in that and the following year 1785, and by his 
agents, near fifteen thousand dollars were given but mostly 
subscribed to be paid, and chiefly by responsible men in dif- 
ferent places. The subscriptions and payments were all put 
into the hands of the contractor. He commenced and carried 
on the building. But in 1786 he was unable to procure sup- 
plies and nothing but an immediate cessation of the business 
appeared.. Dr. Wheelock afforded relief, by furnishing the 
joiners, about twenty in number, with sustenance through the 
season, and aiding in the collection of materials. In the suc- 
ceeding years, the subscriptions and means in the hands of 
the contractor being exhausted, he procured by bills on Mrs. 
Wheelock's agent in the West Indies, and by a residue re- 
mitted from Holland and in other ways by his friends abroad, 
and his own donation of ^333.00, all the glass, the nails, the 



80 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

vane and spire and other articles and some pay towards the 
labor. A bell he had by solicitation obtained before. By 
the seventh year from the beginning of its foundation, the 
edifice [Dartmouth Hall] was finished, and well prepared for 
the reception of the students. We will now return to trace 
another chain of operation. 

" Dr. Wheelock, though not at the particular request of the 
Board, attended the Legislature of Vermont, June 14, 1785. 
He solicited ; and they made a grant of a township [Whee- 
lock], 23,040 acres, one half to the college and the other half 
to the school, to be free from all public taxes forever. As 
soon as practical he procured a survey, obtained a charter, 
and made calculations for its settlement. Families rapidly 
moved in, till near the number of one hundred. He disposed 
of a large part of the tract in small portions on long leases. 
A few years rent free, the annual product has been to the 
college and school, each, six hundred dollars. 

" We now turn to the State of New Hampshire. Dr. Whee- 
lock had applied, by the desire of the Board, to the General 
Court for a lottery, and obtained it ; but from unexpected 
events not answering the purpose, they requested him in 1787 
to present a memorial to the Legislature for another lottery 
under different modifications. Professor Woodward attended 
as agent — the design was effected, and the avails received by 
the Board. 

" The pressure of demands on the college induced him to 
apply and attend the Legislature, in the month of January, 
1789, for the charter of a tract of land on Connecticut river 
and near the northern confine of the State. A committee 
was appointed ; occasional discussions arose for several days; 
the matter was finally brought before the House. The Sen- 
ate and House of Representatives passed an acii granting 
to the Trustees of Dartmouth College a valuable tract of 
eight miles square, about 42,000 acres adjoining north of 
Stewarts town. [Ebenezer Webster was the chairman of the 
Legislative committee recommending this grant.] The forci- 
ble and energetic eloquence of General Sullivan, that eminent 
commander in the Revolutionary War, in the debate on this 
subject cannot be forgotten. It drew him from his bed. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 81 

amidst tlie first attacks of fatal disease — and it was the last 
speech which he ever made in public. This interesting grant 
scattered the clouds just bursting on the institution. It was 
now harrassed with heavy debts of an early standing in its 
losses at Landaff, which amounted to ^30,000. 

"At the time of obtaining the above grant, Dr. Wheelock 
also negotiated to recover the donation of 1583, made by Dr. 
John Phillips, in 1772 [for a philosophical apparatus], to the 
college, and deposited in the hands of Governor Wentworth, 
which, after he left the country was considered, from his cir- 
cumstances, as wholly lost. But Dr. Wheelock adopted 
measures and secured an account of the same and interest 
out of confiscated property $1,203, in notes and certificates, 
which he received of the Treasurer of the State, for the 
Trustees. He also received, about that period, |125, com- 
mitted to his agency by the same great benefactor, in a par- 
ticular conference to transact with the Board, said sum to 
be given in his name to them ; only on the express condition, 
that they would agree to sequester with it his gift of about 
4,000 acres of land by deed to them in 1781, as an accumu- 
lating fund for the express purpose of supporting a professor 
of Theology. They accepted the gift and sequestered the 
property on the terms of the donor. 

" The president had taken into his own hands, at the desire 
of the Board, the management of the finances and external 
interest of the college, and continued to conduct, and regulate 
them, for five years, through its difl&cult and trying scenes. 
Having, besides what has been mentioned, among other ar- 
rangements, leased a number of lots permanently productive, 
secured the appropriation of several valuable tracts, in the 
vicinity of the college, to the use of professorships, and pro- 
vided relief by obtaining the means to free the seminary from 
its weight of debts, he resigned to the Board, in August fol- 
lowing, the particular charge of the finances, except retaining 
in trust the disposal of the college moiety of the township in 
Vermont till a few years after, when he had completed the 
proposed object of settling and leasing the same. 

" The next year, 1790, there being no proper place for the 
public religious and literary exercises of the members of the 



82 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

seminary, the apartment of the old building falling into decay 
and ruin, he undertook, made arrangements, provided the 
means, and erected. by contract, in five months, a chapel, near 
the new college edifice. It is fifty feet by thirty-six, of two 
stories height, arched within and completely finished, and 
painted without — convenient, and well adapted to the objects 
proposed. 

*' He caused a new building [for Moor's School] to be erect- 
ed and finished, with a yard, in 1791 — two stories high, the 
lower apartment convenient to accommodate near a hundred 
youths. The school was improved in the order and regulation 
of its members under the distinguished talents and fidelity of 
their instructor Mr. [Josiah] Dunham, the present Secretary 
of Vermont At the request of the Society three years after 
it was visited by a committee of their Boston commissioners 
charged with the solution of a number of queries in regard to 
its state, relations, and property. Their favorable report was 
transmitted to Scotland. 

'' Of the large debts accumulated for the support of the 
school, in the latter years of the first president, to discharge 
the most pressing part, the Trustees had consented to the dis- 
posal of lands and property in their hands, hoping that the 
amount would be replaced. The advances, thus made, the 
president considered himself as holden in justice to refund ; 
and accordingly paid them for the college, in the year 1793, 
f 4,000, besides some items of small amount before. [Lands 
also appear to have been sold to aid in building Dartmouth 
Hall.] 

'' The Rev. Israel Evans [of Concord] at that time was a 
member of the Board. He had expressed more than once, in 
intimate conversation to Dr. Wheelock, their friendship having 
been long cemented in scenes of war and peace, his desire to do 
something for the good of mankind and the institution. He 
finally remarked, that he had made up his mind to sequester 
a portion of his property as the foundation for a professorship 
of eloquence ; which he knew would also be agreeable to Mrs. 
Evans. Confined by sickness the succeeding year, at his 
earnest request, by a special message, the Doctor paid him a 
visit. The latter expressed in his family, his views and de- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 83 

sign ; and receiving from the former an assent to his wishes 
to insert his name as one of the executors, proceeded in the 
full exercise of his mental faculties, to complete his will. Be- 
sides his bequests otherwise, he gave of money in the funds, 
and real estate, the amount of about |7,000, or upwards, in 
reversion to the Trustees of Dartmouth College, after the 
death of his wife, as a permanent fund for a professor of elo- 
quence. 

" About the same time. Dr. Wheelock attended the General 
Court, to open the way for their favorable attention to the 
important objects of the institution. Matters were in sus- 
pense till the next session in June 1807, when he again per- 
sonally appeared before the Legislature. His memorial was 
considered, committed, and after report an act was made, 
granting to the Trustees of the college a township of the con- 
tents of six miles square, to be laid out on the border of the 
District of Maine, to the approbation of the Governor and 
Council. The land was surveyed : mostly an excellent tract, 
watered by a branch of the river Androscoggin running central 
through the whole, and near the northern turnpike road — 
he waited on them with the plan, and obtained their ratifica- 
tion in 1808." 

The grant of Landaff to the college had great weight with 
President Wheelock, in deciding upon a location. But after 
he had expended several thousand dollars in improvements 
there, the title was found to be defective, and prior grantees 
secured the whole. In view of this loss, the State with com- 
mendable liberality made the above grants. 

There seems to have been no material change in the policy 
of the college, or the course of study, in the earlier years of 
this administration. 

The following items from the official records of the Trustees 
are worthy of notice, the first bearing date, August, 1794: 

" Voted that those Freshmen who wish to be excused from 
going errands for other students be not obliged to go, and that 
those who do not go such errands have not afterwards the 
privilege of sending Freshmen. 

"Adjourned Meeting, February, 1796. No person shall be 
admitted into the Freshman class unless he be versed in Vir- 



84 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

gil, Cicero's Select Orations, the Greek Testament, be able 
accurately to translate English into Latin, and also under- 
stands the fundamental rules of Arithmetic.'" 

The following statement was published in 1811 : ' 

" The immediate instruction and government of the stu- 
dents is with the president, who is also professor of civil and 
Ecclesiastical History, a professor of the Latin, Greek, Hebrew 
and Oriental Languages, a professor of Mathematics and Nat- 
ural Philosophy, a professor of Divinity, and two tutors. 
The qualifications for admission into the Freshman class are, 
a good moral character, a good acquaintance with Virgil, 
Cicero's Select Orations, the Greek Testament, knowledge to 
translate English into Latin, and an acquaintance with the 
fundamental rules of Arithmetic. The members of the 
classes, in rotation, declaim before the officers in the chapel 
every Wednesday, at two o'clock, p. m. 

" The Senior, Junior, and Sophomore classes, successively 
pronounce such orations and other compositions, written by 
themselves, as the president and professors shall direct, on the 
last Wednesday of November, the second Wednesday of March, 
and the third Wednesday of May. Tragedies, plays, and 
all irreligious expressions and sentiments are sacredly pro- 
hibited. 

" The Languages, the Arts, and Sciences are studied in the 
following order : the Freshman Class study the Latin and 
Greek classics. Arithmetic, English Grammar and Rhetoric. 
The Sophomore Class study the Latin and Greek classics, 
Logic, Geography, Arithmetic, Geometry, Trigonometry, Al- 
gebra, Conic Sections, Surveying, Belles-lettres and Criticism. 
The Junior Class study the Latin and Greek classics. Geome- 
try, Natural and Moral Philosophy, and Astronomy. The 
Senior Class read Metaphysics, Theology, and Natural and 
Political Law." Chemistry was introduced at about this 
period. " The study of the Hebrew and the other Oriental 
Languages, as also the French Language, is recommended to 
the students. Every week some part of the classes exhibits 
composition according to the direction of the authority. All 
the classes are publicly examined at stated periods; those 
1 Memoirs of Wheelock. 



DABTMOUTH COLLEGE. 85 

who are found deficient lose their standing in the class. It is 
a fixed rule that the idle and vicious shall not receive the hon- 
ors of college. 

" The punishments inflicted on offenders are admonition, 
suspension and expulsion. The president attends morning 
and evening prayers with the students in the chapel, and 
often delivers lectures to them on ecclesiastical history, on 
the doctrines of the Christian religion, or other important 
subjects. He hears the recitations of the Senior class ; his 
fund of general science renders this an interesting part of 
collegiate life." 

The librarian continues his statements as follows : 

" While the library of the college was slowly increasing in 
numbers and more slowly in value as measured by the wants 
of the students, there were begun two other libraries, de- 
signed in the beginning as supplements, but by their rapid 
increase and utility soon taking the leading place. In 1783, 
was formed the society of under-graduates known under the 
title of ' Social Friends ' and the collection of a library was 
begun. Three years later, by the secession of a part of the 
members, the rival society of the ' United Fraternity ' came 
into existence. The aim of the societies was to furnish liter- 
ary culture, and their exercises and constitutions differed but 
little, while each attempted to obtain more and better men, 
and collect a larger library, than the other. It was provided 
in the constitution of the last formed society, that each mem- 
ber should advance for the use of the library twelve shillings 
lawful money. 

" At a meeting during the next year the society voted to 
register its books, which consisted of twenty-three volumes of 
magazines and thirty-four other books, making with a few 
presented at the meeting a library of sixty-three volumes. 
In 1790, the two societies subscribed to what they termed 
' articles of confederation,' in which it was agreed that a case 
should be procured to contain their books, and that each soci- 
ety should aid in the increase of the common library. For 
this purpose each society was to advance from one to two 
dollars for every member, the sum being largest for the lowest 
class and least for the Senior class, and a committee was con- 



86 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

stituted with power to settle all differences. But however 
strong the agreement between the two parties it could not 
eliminate jealousy ; neither were the societies entirely free 
from internal dissensions. The records contain accounts of 
*■ conspiracies,' and attempts to destroy the societies, accom- 
panied by reports of committees, treating the subject with the 
dignity of a danger to the State. One of these ' conspira- 
cies ' in 1793, terminated in the destruction of nearly all the 
records of the ' Social Friends ' and almost caused the disso- 
lution of the society. Much of the strife between the societies 
was caused by the mode of securing members, and though 
there were amendments intended to lessen this, nothing like 
a settlement was made until 1815, when an order from the 
oflScers of the college limited the membership of each society 
to one half of the number in the different classes. It was 
probably this question of membership that caused, in 1799, 
the division of the ' federal library ' ; the ' United Fra- 
ternity ' that year demanding a separation, and the ' So- 
cial Friends ' replying that they cheerfully concurred. With 
the strong rivalry existing, the libraries could but increase 
more rapidly under separate management, especially as the 
students for many years taxed themselves severely, and con- 
tributed generously by subscriptions and donations to fill up 
their few shelves. Nearly all the books were contributed by 
under-graduates, and the value placed upon them forms a 
marked contrast with the present use of library books. It 
was upon these libraries that the students more generally de- 
pended, and while their additions were larger they also had 
larger losses and suffered more from the wear of usage. They 
obtained from time to time the books that were needed, the 
college library such as were given, and that was doubtless 
true during all of the time which was said of it fifty years 
later : '• The library contains some rare and valuable works, 
but is deficient in new books.' The society libraries from the 
beginning had regular and frequent hours for drawing books, 
while the college library during a great part of its history has 
been from various reasons hardly accessible, or open only at 
long intervals. In 1793, the college began the yearly assess- 
ment of eight shillings on each student, one fourth for the 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 87 

salary of the librarian, and the remainder for the purchase of 
new books. 

" The first printed catalogue of any of the libraries was of 
that of the college, and was merely a list printed in 1810. 
It mentioned 2,900 volumes, but as there were many dupli- 
cates the number of books of any practical value was less than 
2,000. The number of books in each of the society libraries 
at this time may be estimated as slightly over 1,000, so that 
the number of volumes to which access could be had was not 
much over 4,000." We quote an item worthy of notice from 
official records on this subject : 

'' Annual Meeting of Trustees, September, A. D. 1783. 
This Board being informed that Mr. Daniel Oliver, a student 
in the Junior class at this College, has made a donation to 
Library of the following books [43 volumes ; 33 different 
works]. Voted, that the Vice-president be requested to re- 
turn him the thanks of this Board and request his acceptance 
of the use of the college library free of charge during the 
term he shall continue a student at this college." 



CHAPTER XL 

LACK OF HARMONY BETWEEN PRESIDENT WHEELOCK AND 
OTHER TRUSTEES. — REMOVAL OF THE PRESIDENT FROM 
OFFICE. — ESTIMATE OF HIS CHARACTER. 

The administration of President John Wheelock is remark- 
able for two things ; its great length, and its unhappy close. 

The great '' Dartmouth Controversy " is one of the most 
impressive chapters in the annals of American colleges. 

In discussing this subject it is necessary to consider some 
of the influences which had aided in moulding President 
Wheelock's character. His residence at Yale College was at 
an important period in the history of that institution, com- 
mencing soon after the resignation of President Clap, who had 
been driven from his position, virtually, for opposing any in- 
terference in the affairs of the college, by the Legislature. 
The friends of education were divided in sentiment, as to the 
wisdom of his course, and the institution was in some sense 
under a cloud till the accession of President Stiles — a friend 
of the Wheelock family — ^.who effected an arrangement by 
which the State was admitted to a share in the management 
of the college. The following letter from a prominent Trustee 
of Dartmouth to the president, written just at this period, 
shows that the animated contest in Connecticut was only the 
natural and logical precursor of one more animated and much 
more important, in New Hampshire. 

" Charlestown, November 17, 1791. 

'•'• Hon. Sir : I have set my name to the petition, etc., al- 
though, I confess not without some hesitation and reluctance. 
I like the plan well in general, — but there is one exception. 
I cannot form any idea of what is intended by the proposal. 
That the Council, or Senate, or both, be admitted to some 
cern in the government of the university [college]. 




HON. NATHANIEL NILES. 



DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 89 

" This appears to me to be a proposal of too much or nothing 
at all, and of something not in the power of this Board to 
confer, who I think cannot admit any foreign jurisdiction, any 
man, or number of men to any share in government of the uni- 
versity, properly so termed, otherwise than what the Constitu- 
tion specifies. 

" I have, however, subscribed under the influence of this con- 
sideration : That in the event it may subject us to no other 
inconvenience, but the imputation of inconsistence in conduct in 
hereafter rejecting a compliance with our own proposal, if we 
shall find that more is performed by others than was intended, 
or can be admitted by us, though fairly enough proffered. 

" I think some precautionary injunctions to the Agent in this 
matter would be wise and prudent. 

" In haste — 

" I am, sir, with much esteem and sincere affection, 
" Your sincere friend and humble servant, 

"BULKLEY OlCOTT." 

" President Wheelock." 

Mr. Wheelock 's experiences also as a legislator and military 
commander, in early life, doubtless gave him a larger confi- 
dence in his own abilities on the one hand, and on the other 
a more profound conviction that everything in the State 
should be subordinate to the State. 

The religious aspects of President Wheelock's character, are 
worthy of special notice. He was the dutiful, in some sense 
the favorite son of an honored father. The former president, 
although sound in the faith, had more catholic views and 
broader sympathies than many of the leading divines of his 
day. The son was no less liberal than the father. This liber- 
ality was doubtless the real cause of difference between the 
second president and his associates in office. His first decided 
opponent was Nathaniel Niles, who entered the Board in 1793, 
a man of rare ability, and in early life a pupil of Dr. Bellamy, 
whose religious views on some points were materially different 
from those of his contemporary and neighbor, the first president. 

The first important point gained by Mr. Niles was the elec- 
tion of his friend, Mr. Shurtleff, to the chair of Divinity, in 
1804. 



90 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

For ten ^^ears the breach was constantly widening between 
the president and his opponents. We now find the following 
official records : 

" At a meeting of the Trustees, November 11, 1814, the 
following preamble and resolutions, introduced by Charles 
Marsh, Esq., were adopted. 

" Whereas, the duties of the president of this university have 
become very multiplied and arduous ; and, whereas, it is neces- 
sary that he should continue to attend to the concerns of this 
institution, and the various officers and departments thereof, 
and should have time to prepare and lay before this Board the 
business to which its attention should be directed ; therefore, 
resolved, that, in order to relieve the president from some por- 
tion of the burdens which unavoidably devolve on him, he be 
excused in future from hearing the recitations of the Senior 
Class, in Locke, Edwards, and Stewart. 

" Resolved, that the Professors, Shurtleff and Moore, jointly 
supply the pulpit, in such manner as may be agreed between 
them. That Professor Shurtleff hear the recitation of the 
Senior class in Edwards on the Will; that Professor Adams 
hear the recitation of the Senior class in Locke on the Human 
Understanding, and that Professor Moore hear the recitation 
of the Senior class in Stewart's Philosophy of the Mind, and 
that he hear them in both volumes of that work." 

This action of the Board was followed by the publication of 
the " Sketches," and, in June, 1815, the presentation of the 
following Petition to the New Hampshire Legislature : 

" Honorable Legislators, — The citizens of New 
Hampshire enjoy security and peace under your wise laws ; 
prosperity in productive labors by means which you have 
adopted ; and, by your counsels, increasing knowledge in the 
establishment of literature through the State. But, for none 
of these, can so much be ascribed to your attention as for 
Dartmouth College. By your patronage and munificence it 
was flourishing in former years ; and so it still would have 
continued had the management of its concerns been adapted 
to answer the designs of your wisdom, and the hopes of its 
most enlightened and virtuous friends. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 91 

" To your Honorable body, whose guardian care encircles the 
institutions of the State, it becomes incumbent on the citizens 
to make known any change in their condition and relations 
interesting to the public good. To you alone, whose power 
extends to correcting or reforming their abuses, ought he to 
appl}^ when they cease to promote the end of their establish- 
ment, the social order and happiness. 

" Gladty would the offerer of this humble address, avoiding 
to trouble your counsels, have locked up his voice in perpetual 
silence, while the evils are rolling on and accumulating, were 
he not otherwise compelled by a sense of duty to your Legis- 
lature, and to the best interests of mankind, in the present 
and future times. 

'' Will you permit him to suggest there is reason to fear that 
those who hold in trust the concerns of this seminary have 
forsaken its original principles and left the path of their pred- 
ecessors. It is unnecessary to relate how the evil com- 
menced in its embryo state ; by what means and practices, 
they, thus deviating, have in recent years, with the same ob- 
ject in view, increased their number to a majority controlling 
the measures of the Board ; but more important is it to lay 
before you that there are serious grounds to excite apprehen- 
sions of the great impropriety and dangerous tendency of 
their proceedings ; reasons to believe that they have applied 
property to purposes wholly alien from the intentions of the 
donors, and under peculiar circumstances to excite regret ; 
that they have in the series of their movements, to promote 
party views, transformed the moral and religious order of the 
institution, by depriving many of their innocent enjoyment of 
rights and privileges for which they had confided in their 
faith ; that they have broken down the barriers and violated 
the Charter, by prostrating the rights with which it expressly 
invests the presidential office ; that, to subserve their pur- 
poses, they have adopted improper methods in their appoint- 
ments of executive officers, naturally tending to embarrass 
and obstruct the harmonious government and instruction of 
the seminary ; that they have extended their powers, which 
the Charter confines to the college, to form connection with 
an academy ^ in exclusion of the other academies in the State, 
1 Kimball Union Academy. 



92 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

cementing an alliance with its overseers, and furnishing 
aid from the college treasury for its students ; that they have 
perverted the power, which by the incorporation they ought 
to exercise over a branch of Moor's Charity School, and have 
obstructed the application of its fund according to the nature 
of the establishment and the design of the donors ; and that 
their measures have been oppressive to your memorialist in 
the discharge of his office. 

" Such are the impressions as now related, arising from the 
acts and operations of those who have of late commanded the 
decisions of the Board. 

'* Your memorialist does not pretend to exhibit their mo- 
tives, whether they have been actuated by erroneous concep- 
tions, or mistaken zeal, or some other cause, in attending to 
the concerns of the institution. But with great deference he 
submits the question, unless men in trust preserve inviola- 
ble faith, whether pledged by words, or action, or usage, to 
individuals, unless they continuously keep within the limits 
assigned to them by law ; if they do not sacredly apply the 
fruits of benevolence committed to their charge, to the des- 
tined purpose ; if the public affairs in their trust are not con- 
ducted with openness, impartiality, and candor, instead of 
designed and secret management ; if they become pointedly 
hostile to those who discern their course, and honestly oppose 
their measures which are esteemed destructive ; if they bear 
down their inoffensive servants, who are faithful to the cause 
of truth, how can an establishment under these circumstances, 
be profitable to mankind ? How can there be a gleam of 
prospective joy to any except to those who are converting its 
interest into their own channel, to serve a favorite design? 
What motive, then, will remain to benefactors to lay founda- 
tions, or to bestow their charities on such an object ? 

'' There is also ground for increasing, fearful apprehension, 
by adding to the immediate, what may be the ultimate effect 
of the measures which have been described. In a collective 
view they appear to the best acquainted and discerning to be, 
in all their adaptations, tending to one end, to complete the 
destruction of the original principles of the college and school, 
and to establish a new modified system, to strengthen the in- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 93 

terests of a party or sect, which, by extending its influence 
under the fairest professions, will eventually affect the politi- 
cal independence of the people, and move the springs of their 
government. 

" To you, revered legislators ! the writer submits the fore- 
going important considerations. He beholds, in your Honor- 
able body, the sovereign of the State, holding, by the Consti- 
tution, and the very nature of sovereignty in all countries, 
the sacred right, with your duty and responsibility to God, to 
visit and oversee the literary establishments, where the man- 
ners and feelings of the young are formed, and grow up in 
the citizen in after life; to restrain from injustice, and rectify 
abuses in their management, and, if necessary, to reduce them 
to their primitive principles, or so modify their powers as to 
make them subservient to the public welfare. To your pro- 
tection, and wise arrangements, he submits whatever he holds 
in official rights by the Charter of the seminary ; and to you 
his invaluable rights as a subject and citizen. 

" He entreats your honorable body to take into considera- 
tion the state and concerns of the college and school, as laid 
before you. 

" And as the Legislature have never before found occasion 
to provide, by any tribunal, against the evils of the foregoing 
nature, and their ultimate dangers, he prays that you would 
please, by a committee invested with competent powers, or 
otherwise, to look into the affairs and management of the 
institution, internal and external, already referred to, and, if 
judged expedient in your wisdom, that you would make such 
organic improvements and model reforms in its system and 
movements, as, under Divine Providence, will guard against 
the disorders and their apprehended consequences. 

"He begs only to add the contemplated joys of the friends 
of man and virtue, in the result of your great wisdom and 
goodness, which may secure this seat of science, so that it 
may become an increasing source of blessings to the State, 
and to mankind of the present and succeeding ages, instead 
of a theatre for the purpose of a few, terminating in public 
calamity. 

" Whatever disposal your Honorable body may please to 



94 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

make of the subject now presented, the subscriber will never 
cease to maintain the most humble deference and dutiful re- 
spect. John Wheelock." 

It would not be profitable, at the present time, to re-open 
the discussion of the subject matter of the various charges 
contained in the above document, which were so fully elabo- 
rated in the " Sketches," and so carefully considered in the 
subsequent "Vindication" by the Trustees. 

The prayer of the Memorial was granted by the Legisla- 
ture, by the appointment of a committee of investigation. 
The following letter is worthy of careful attention in this 
connection : 

*' Exeter, August 15, 1815. 

" My dear Sir, — In common with many others I have 
felt considerable anxiety for the issue of the matter so much 
in public discussion relative to Dartmouth College. I do not 
feel either inclined or competent to give any opinion as to the 
course which ought finally to be adopted by the Board of Trus- 
tees for the benefit of that institution. I am entirely willing 
to leave that to the determination of those much better in- 
formed on the subject and better able to judge. From certain 
intimations which I have lately had, I am led to believe an 
intention is entertained by some members of the Board of 
ending all diJficulty with the president by removing him 
from office. I greatly fear such a measure adopted under 
present circumstances, and at the present time, would have a 
very unhappy effect on the public mind. An inquiry is now 
pending, instituted after considerable discussion, by the Legis- 
lature of this State, apparently for the purpose of granting 
relief for the subject matter of complaint. The Trustees ac- 
quiesce in this inquiry ; whether they appear before the com- 
mittee appointed to make it formally as a body, or informally 
as individuals, the public will not deem of much importance. 
The Legislature, I think, for certain purposes, have a right to 
inquire into an alleged mismanagement of such an institution, 
a visitorial power rests in the State, and I do not deem it im- 
portant for my present view to determine in what department 
or how to be exercised. The Legislature may, on proper occa- 



DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 95 

sioD, call it into operation. I have never seen the president's 
memorial to the Legislature, but am told it is an abstract from 
the ' Pamphlet of Sketches.' From the statements in that I 
take the burthen of his complaint to be, that the Trustees have 
not given him a due and proper share of power and influence 
in the concerns of the college, and that they have improperly 
used their own power and influence in patronizing and propa- 
gating in the college particular theological opinions. The al- 
leged misapplication of funds [paid for preaching] is stated as 
an instance of such misconduct. These opinions, it would 
seem, are particularly disagreeable to the president. The 
whole dispute is made to have a bearing on the president 
personally. Should the Trustees, during the pendency of the 
inquiry in a cause in which they are supposed to be a party, 
take the judgment into their own hands, and summarily end 
the dispute by destroying the other party, they will offend 
and irritate at least all those Avho were in favor of making the 
inquiry. Such will not be satisfied with the answer that the 
Trustees have the power and feel it to be their duty to exer- 
cise it. It will be said that the reasons which justify a re- 
moval (if there be any) have existed for a long time. A 
removal after so long forbearance, at the present time, will 
be attributed to recent irritations. 

" That part of the president's complaint which relates to 
his religious grievances, addresses itself pretty strongly to the 
prejudices and feelings of all those opposed to the sect called 
Orthodox. This comprises all the professed friends of liberal 
religion, most of the Baptists and Methodist, and all the noth- 
ingarians. The Democrats will be against you, of course. All 
these combined would compose in this State a numerous and 
powerful body. Any measure adopted by the Trustees with 
the appearance of anger, or haste, will be eagerly seized on. 
If the statements of the president are as incorrect as I have 
heard it confidently asserted, an exposure of that incorrectness 
will put the public opinion right. It may require time, but 
the result must be certain. If it can be shown that his com- 
plaints are nothing but defamatory clamor, he will be reduced 
to that low condition that it will be the interest of no sect or 
party to attempt to hold him up. I see no danger in delay, but 
fear much in too great haste. Perhaps there is no occasion at 



96 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

present to determine how long the Trustees should delay adopt- 
ing their final course. Circumstances may render that ex- 
pedient at a future time which is not now. I feel much 
confidence that a very decisive course against the president 
by the Trustees at the present time would create an unpleasant 
sensation in the public mind, and would, I fear, be attended 
with unpleasant consequences. 

" I am sensible I have expressed my opinion very strongly on 
a subject in which I have only a common interest. I frankly 
confess I have been somewhat influenced by fears that some 
of the Trustees will find it difficult to free themselves entirely 
from the effects of the severe irritation they must have lately 
experienced. 

" I am, dear sir, with esteem, 

" Sincerely yours. 

" Jeremiah Mason." 

" C. Marsh, Esq." 

President Wheelock was removed from office on the 26th of 
August, 1815, by the vote of a decided majority of the Board, 
upon grounds of which the following is the substance : 

" 1st. He has had an agency in publishing and circulating a 
certain anonymous pamphlet, entitled ' Sketches of the His- 
tory of Dartmouth College and Moor's Charity School,' and 
espoused the charges therein contained before a committee of 
the Legislature. The Trustees consider this publication a libel 
on the institution. 

" 2d. He claims a right to exercise the whole executive au- 
thority of the college, which the Charter has expressly com- 
mitted to the Trustees, with the president, professors, and tu- 
tors by them appointed. He also claims a right to control 
the Corporation in the appointment of executive officers. 

" 3d. He has caused an impression to be made on the minds 
of students under censure for transgression of the laws of the 
institution, that if he could have had his will they would not 
have suffered disgrace or punishment. 

" 4th. He has taken a youth who was not an Indian, but 
adopted by an Indian tribe, and supported him in Moor's 
School, on the Scotch fund, which is granted for the sole pur- 
pose of instructing and civilizing Indians. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 97 

" 5th. He has, without sufficient ground for such a course, 
reported that the real cause of the dissatisfaction of the Trus- 
tees with him was a diversity of religious opinions between 
him and them." 

In taking leave of the second president, we have only to 
remark, as we introduce his eulogist, Mr. Samuel Clesson 
Allen,, that both parties to the contest apparently overrated 
their grievances. 

" President Wheelock was distinguished for the extent and 
variety of his learning. With a lively curiosity he pushed 
his inquiries into every department of knowledge, and made 
himself conversant with the various branches of science. But 
of all the subjects which presented themselves to his inquisi- 
tive mind those which relate to man in his intellectual con- 
stitution and social relations engaged and fixed his attention. 
His favorite branches were Intellectual Philosophy, Ethics, 
and Politics. Possessing in an eminent degree the spirit of 
his station, he fulfilled with singular felicity the offices of in- 
structor and governor in the college. Animated and ardent 
himself, he could transfuse the same holy ardor into the minds 
of his pupils. What youth ever visited him in his study, but 
returned to his pursuits with a renovated spirit, and a loftier 
sentiment of glory ? 

" He had formed the noblest conceptions of the powers of 
the human mind, and of its ultimate progress in knowledge 
and refinement. This sentiment called forth the energies of 
his mind, and gave direction and character to his inquiries. 
It pervaded all his instructions, and imparted to science and 
to letters their just preeminence among the objects of human 
pursuit. 

" He never sought to preoccupy the minds of his pupils with 
his own peculiar notions, or to impose upon them any favorite 
system of opinions. He endeavored to make them proficients 
in science, and not the proselytes of a sect. 

" In government he commanded more by example than by 
authority, and the admiration of his talents ensured a better 
obedience than the force of laws. His elevation of mind 
placed him above personal prejudices and resentments, and 
jealousies of wounded dignity. He practiced no espionage 



98 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

upon his pupils, but reposed for the maintenance of order on 
their sense of propriet}^, and his own powers of command. 
He conciUated their attachment while he inspired their rever- 
ence ; and he secured their attention to the stated exercises 
and reconciled them to the severest studies by the example he 
exhibited, and the enthusiasm he inspired. He knew how to 
adapt his discipline to the various dispositions and characters, 
and could discriminate between the accidental impulse of a 
youthful emotion and deliberate acts of intentional vice. 

" He was an interesting and powerful speaker. His erect 
attitude and dignified action inspired reverence, and com- 
manded attention. But the wonderful force of his eloquence 
arose from the sti'ength and sublimity of his conceptions. 
Such were his originality of thought, and rich variety of ex- 
pression, that he could present the most common subjects in 
new and interesting lights. His public discourses evinced the 
strength of the reasoning faculty, the powers of the imagina- 
tion, and the resources of genius. 

" He would sometimes conduct the mind with painful sub- 
tility through the multiplied steps of a long demonstration. 
At other times he would glance upon the main topics of his 
argument, and seize on his conclusion by a sort of intuitive 
penetration. He frequently embellished his subject with the 
higher ornaments of style, and diffused around the severer 
sciences the graces and elegancies of taste. For force of ex- 
pression he might be compared to Chatham, and in splendid 
imagery he sometimes rivaled Burke. He would, at pleasure, 
spread a sudden blaze around his subject or diffuse about it a 
milder radiance. 

" To the interpretation of the Scriptures he carried all the 
lights which geography, history, and criticism could supply, 
and poured their full effulgence upon the sacred page. His 
daily prayers always presenting new views of the works and 
perfections of the Deity, exhibited whatever was vast in con- 
ception, glowing in expression and devout in feeling. 

" He was probably formed not less for the higher offices of 
active life than for the speculations of science. Distinguished 
for the boldness of his enterprise and the decisive energy of 
his character, he set no limits to what individual exertion 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 99 

and effort could accomplish. He attempted great things with 
means which other men would have esteemed wholly inade- 
quate, and the vigor of his mind increased in proportion to 
the dij95culties he met in the execution of his enterprises. He 
was disheartened by no difficulties, he was intimidated by no 
dangers, he was shaken by no sufferings. The glory which 
he sought was not the temporary applause of this party or 
that sect, but it was the glory which results from unwearied 
efforts for the improvement and happiness of man. He was 
not less distinguished by the object and character of his enter- 
prises than by the great qualities he exhibited in their accom- 
plishment. His was a high and holy ambition, which, while 
it preserved its vigor, identified its objects with those of the 
purest charity." 

Dartmouth conferred the degree of LL. D. upon President 
Wheelock in 1789. He died at Hanover, April 4, 1817, his 
wife, Mrs. Maria (Suhm) Wheelock, daughter of Governor 
Christian Suhm, of St. Thomas, W. I., surviving him. 



CHAPTER XII. 

ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT BROWN. — CONTEST BE- 
TWEEN THE COLLEGE AND THE STATE. - TRIUMPH OF THE 
COLLEGE. 

Rev. Francis Brown of North Yarmouth, Maine, was 
elected the successor of President Wheelock. His character 
will be the subject of a later chapter. He was inaugurated in 
September, 1815, and entered at once with vigor and earnest 
ness upon the performance of his official duties. 

The Committee of the New Hampshire Legislature of 1815, 
Rev. Ephraim P. Bradford, Nathaniel A. Haven, and Daniel 
A. White, appointed to investigate the affairs of the college, 
reported in substance, that there was no ground for interfer- 
ence by the State. 

The deep interest in the college question produced a polit- 
ical revolution in the State. In his message to the Legisla- 
ture at the opening of the session in June, 1816, Governor 
Plumer says : 

" Permit me to invite your consideration to the state and 
condition of Dartmouth College, the head of our learned insti- 
tutions. As the State has contributed liberally to the estab- 
lishment of its funds, and as our constituents have a deep in- 
terest in its prosperity, it has a strong claim to our attention. 
The charter of that college was granted December 13th, 1769, 
by John Wentworth, who was then Governor of New Hamp- 
shire, under the authority of the British king. As it ema- 
nated from royalty, it contained, as was natural it should, 
principles congenial to monarchy ; among others, it estabhshed 
Trustees, made seven a quorum, and authorized a majority of 
those present to remove any of its members which they might 
consider unfit or incapable, and the survivors to perpetuate 
the Board by themselves, electing others to supply vacancies. 






l^'":, S:W^^\.lz' f 'M.^>.U ^.li^^-^ 




Rev. FRANCIS BROWN, D. D. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 101 

This last principle is hostile to the spirit and genius of a free 
government. Sound policy therefore requires that the mode 
of election should be changed, and that Trustees, in future, 
should be elected by some other body of men. 

" The college was founded for the public good, not for the 
benefit or emolument of its Trustees ; and the right to amend 
and improve acts of incorporation of this nature has been 
exercised by all governments, both monarchical and repub- 
lican. In the Charter of Dartmouth College it is expressly 
provided that the president, trustees, professors, tutors and 
other officers, shall take the oath of allegiance to the British 
king ; but if the laws of the United States, as well as those 
of New Hampshire, abolished by implication that part of the 
Charter, much more might they have done it directly and by 
express words. These facts show the authority of the Legis- 
lature to interfere upon this subject." 

Governor Plumer communicated this message to Jefferson, 
who replied in his letter of July 21, 1816 : " It is replete with 
sound principles, and truly republican. Some articles, too, are 
worthy of notice. The idea that institutions established for 
the use of the nation cannot be touched nor modified, even to 
make them answer their end, because of rights gratuitously 
supposed in those employed to manage them in trust for the 
public, may, perhaps, be a salutary provision against the 
abuses of a monarch, but it is most absurd against the na- 
tion itself. Yet our lawyers and priests generally inculcate 
this doctrine, and suppose that preceding generations held the 
earth more freely than we do ; had a right to impose laws on 
us, unalterable by ourselves ; and that we, in like manner, 
can make laws and impose burdens on future generations, 
which they will have no right to alter ; in fine, that the earth 
belongs to the dead, and not to the living." 

The following action shows the result : 

" The undersigned, three of the members of the Board of 
Trustees of Dartmouth College, having this morning seen 
a printed copy of a bill before the Honorable House [of 
the New Hampshire Legislature], the provisions of which, 
should they go into effect would set aside the Charter of the 
college, and wholly change the administration of its concerns? 



102 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

beg leave respectfully to remonstrate against its passage. 
The provisions of the bill referred to change the name of 
the corporation ; enlarge the number of Trustees ; alter the 
number to constitute a quorum ; render persons living out 
of the State, who are now eligible, hereafter ineligible ; 
vacate the seats of those members who are not inhabitants of 
the State ; deprive the Trustees of the right of electing mem- 
bers to supply vacancies ; and give to the new Board of Trus- 
tees an arbitrary power of annulling everything heretofore 
transacted by the Trustees ; and this last without the concur- 
rence of the proposed Board of Overseers. The consent of 
the present Board of Trustees is in no instance contemplated 
as necessary to give validity to the new act of incorporation. 

" In the opinion of the undersigned, these changes, modifi- 
cations, and alterations effectually destroy the present Charter 
of the college and constitute a new one. 

" Should the bill become a law, it will be obvious to our fel- 
low citizens that the Trustees of Dartmouth College will have 
been deprived of their Charter rights without having been sum- 
moned or notified of any such proceeding against them. It 
will be equally obvious to our fellow citizens that the facts 
reported by the committee of investigation [of the last Legis- 
lature] did not form the ground and basis of the new act of 
incorporation ; and that no evidence of facts of any sort, re- 
lating to the official conduct of the Trustees, other than the 
report of the committee of investigation, was submitted to 
your Honorable Bodies. 

" To deprive a Board of Trustees of their Charter rights, 
after they have been accused of gross misconduct in office, 
without requiring any proof whatever of such misconduct, ap- 
pears to your remonstrants unjust, and not conformable to the 
spirit of the free and happy government under which we live. 
If the property has been misapplied, if there has been any 
abuse of power upon the part of the Trustees, they are fully 
sensible of their high responsibility ; but they have always 
believed, and still believe, that a sound construction of the 
powers granted to the Legislature, gives them, in this case, 
only the right to order, for good cause, a prosecution in the 
judicial courts. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 103 

'' A different course effectually blends judicial and legis- 
lative powers, and constitutes the Legislature a judicial tri- 
bunal. 

" The undersigned also beg leave to remonstrate against the 
passage of the bill, on the ground of inexpediency. A cor- 
poration is a creature of the law, to which certain powers, 
rights, and privileges are granted ; and amongst others that of 
holding property. Destroy this creature, this body politic, 
and all its property immediately reverts to its former owners. 
This doctrine has long been recognized and established in all 
governments of law. Any material alteration of the corpora- 
tion, without its consent, and certainly such essential altera- 
tions as the bill under consideration is intended to make, will 
be followed with the same effect. The funds belonging to the 
college, although not great, are highly important to the 
institution ; and a considerable proportion of them were 
granted by, and lie in, the State of Vermont. The under- 
signed most earnestly entreat the Honorable Legislature not 
to put the funds of the college in jeopardy ; not to put at 
hazard substantial income, under expectations which may or 
may not be realized." 

After alluding to lack of precedent for the proposed action, 
and the necessary increase of expenditures which would result 
from its consummation, they proceed to say : " If the provis- 
ions of this bill should take effect, we greatly fear that the 
concerns of the college will be drawn into the vortex of polit- 
ical controversy. We refer particularly to that section of the 
bill which gives the appointment of Trustees and Overseers to 
the Governor and Council. The whole history of the United 
States for the last twenty years teaches us a lesson which ought 
not to be kept out of view. Our literary institutions hitherto 
have been preserved from the influence of party. The ten- 
dency of this bill, unless we greatly mistake, is to convert the 
peaceful retreat of our college into a field for party warfare. 

" Whilst the undersigned deem it their indispensable duty to 
remonstrate in the most respectful terms against the passage 
of the bill referred to, they have no objection, and they have 
no reason to believe their fellow Trustees have any objection, 
to the passage of a law connecting the government of the 



104 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

State with that of the college, and creating every salutary 
check and restraint upon the official conduct of the Trustees 
and their successors that can be reasonably required, and 
with respectful deference they would propose the following 
outlines of a plan for that purpose. 

" The Councillors and Senators of New Hampshire together 
with the Speaker of the House of Representatives for the time 
being, shall constitute a Board of Overseers of Dartmouth 
College, any ten of whom shall be a quorum for transacting 
business. The Overseers shall meet annually at the college, 
on the day preceding Commencement. They shall have an 
independent right to organize their own body, and to form 
their own rules ; but as soon as they shall have organized 
themselves they shall give information thereof to the Trus- 
tees. Whenever any vote shall have been passed by the Trus- 
tees it shall be communicated to the Overseers, and shall not 
have effect until it shall have the concurrence of the Over- 
seers. Provided, nevertheless, that if at any meeting a quo- 
rum of the Overseers shall not be formed, the Trustees shall 
have full power to confer degrees, in the same manner as 
though there were no Overseers ; and also to appoint Trustees 
or other officers (not a president or professor), and to enact 
such laws as the interests of the institution shall indispen- 
sably require ; but no law passed by the Trustees shall in such 
case have force longer than until the next annual meeting of 
the Boards, unless it shall then be approved by the Overseers. 
Neither of the Boards shall adjourn, except from day to day, 
without the consent of the other. It shall be the duty of the 
president of the college, whenever in his opinion the interests 
of the institution shall require it, or whenever requested 
.thereto by three Trustees, or three Overseers, to call special 
meetings of both Boards, causing notice to be given in writ- 
ing to each Trustee and Overseer, of the time and place ; but 
no meeting of one Board shall ever be called except at the 
same time and place with the other. It shall be the duty of 
the president of the college annually, in the month of May, to 
transmit to his Excellency, the Governor, a full and particular 
account of the state of the funds, the number of students and 
their progress, and generally the state and condition of the 
college. 



DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 105 

" If the plan above suggested should meet the approbation 
of the Honorable Legislature, and good men of all parties give 
it their sanction, we may all anticipate, with high satisfac- 
tion, the future prosperity of the college, and its incalculable 
usefulness to the State ; but if a union of the friends of litera- 
ture and science, of all parties and sects, cannot be attained ; 
if the triumph of one party over the other be absolutely in- 
dispensable ; fearful apprehensions must fill the mind of every 
considerate man, every dispassionate friend of Dartmouth 
College. Thos. W. Thompson, 

Elijah Paine, 
Asa M'Farland. 

"June 19, 1816." 

The effect of this proposed compromise was a modifica- 
tion of the bill in some of its important features. Against 
the amended bill, which was passed a few days afterward, 
there was a farther protest, from which we make brief extracts. 

" The undersigned would not trouble the Honorable Legis- 
lature with any remarks in addition to those contained in 
their remonstrance of the 19th inst. did they not believe it 
was a duty not to be omitted." 

Referring to the amended bill, they continue : 

" They have not been able to obtain a sight of it, but have 
heard it contains provisions for an increase of the Board of 
Trustees to the number of twenty-one, a majority of whom to 
constitute a quorum, and that the additional number are to be 
appointed by His Excellency the Governor and the Honorable 
the Council. To many of the topics of argument, suggested 
in their former remonstrance (which are equally applicable 
against the passage of the bill in its present shape) they re- 
spectfully ask leave to add, that the bill in its present shape 
destroys the identity of the corporation, known in the law by 
the name of the Trustees of Dartmouth College, without the 
consent of the corporation, and consequently the corporation 
to be created by the present bill must and will be deemed by 
courts of law altogether diverse and distinct from the corpora- 
tion to which all the grants of property have hitherto been 
made ; and therefore the new corporation cannot hold the prop- 
erty granted to the corporation created by the charter of 1769. 



106 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" By the Charter of Dartmouth College a contract was made 
by the then supreme power of the State with the twelve per- 
sons therein named, by which, when accepted by the persons 
therein named, certain rights and privileges were vested in 
them and their successors, for the guarantee of which the 
faith of government was pledged by necessary implication. 
In the same instrument the faith of government was pledged 
that the corporation should consist of twelve persons and no 
more. The change in the government of the State, since 
taken place, does not in the least possible degree impair the 
validity of this contract, — otherwise nearly all the titles to 
real estate, held by our fellow citizens, must be deemed in- 
valid. 

" The passage ofthe bill now before the Honorable House 
will, in the deliberate opinion of the undersigned, violate the 
plighted faith of the government. If the undersigned are 
correct in considering the Charter of 1769 in the nature of a 
contract, and if the bill, in its present shape, becomes a law, 
we think it necessarily follows that it will also violate an im- 
portant clause in the 10th section of the 1st article in the 
Constitution of the United States, which provides, that no 
State shall pass any law impairing the obligation of con- 
tracts. 

" The Honorable Legislature will permit us to add, that as 
it is well known that the Trustees have, as a Board, been di- 
vided on certain important subjects, although the minority has 
been very small, should the Legislature now provide for nine 
new Trustees, to be appointed by His Excellency the Governor 
and the Honorable the Council, and that without any facts be- 
ing proved to the Legislature, or any Legislative report having 
been made, showing that the state of things at the college ren- 
dered the measure necessary, it must be seen by our fellow 
citizens that the majority of the Trustees have been by the 
Legislature, for some unacknowledged cause, condemned un- 
heard. Thomas W. Thompson, 

• Asa M'Farland. 

"June 24, 1816." 

The recommendations of the Governor in substance, be- 
came a law ; the name of the college was changed to '' Univer- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 107 

sity ; " the number of tlie Trustees was increased to twenty- 
one ; a Board of Overseers was created, to be appointed by 
the Governor and Council ; the president and professors of the 
university were required to take an oath to support the Con- 
stitution of the United States, and of the State of New 
Hampshire; and the act provided that "perfect freedom of 
religious opinion should be enjoyed by all the students and 
officers of the university." The committee to whom the mes- 
sage, etc., relating to this subject, were referred, it should be 
remarked, did not undertake to decide in favor of either party 
to the controversy, but alleged that the troubles arose from 
certain defects in the Charter, and that they would recur again 
in some form, unless those defects were remedied. 

The debates upon the historical and constitutional questions 
involved were able. The minority were ably led, both inside 
and outside the Legislature, but parliamentary tactics availed 
them nothing. Many of them joined in a written protest 
against the passage of the bill, the substance of which has al- 
ready appeared in the action of the Trustees. 

Directly after the passage of this bill Mr. Marsh prepared 
an elaborate argument, never published, setting forth the 
essence of the leading points of the case, as viewed by the 
majority of the old Trustees. 

The following letter, addressed to Mr. Timothy Bigelow, 
Boston, is worthy of notice in this connection : 

" Concord, July 27, 1816. 

" Deau Sir : Dr. McFarland will do himself the pleasure to 
hand you this. In him you will recognize an old acquaint- 
ance. We wish to get the opinions of as many legal friends 
as we can upon the question of legitimate power in the New 
Hampshire Legislature, to pass the act relating to Dartmouth 
College, and with regard to the course the old Trustees ought 
to pursue. It is an interest, we think, common to all well 
wishers to New England. 

" The old Trustees, I am confident, are willing to take just 
that course that their wisest and best friends recommend. 

" Very cordially yours, Thomas W. Thompson." 



108 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

August 28, 1816, a majority of the old Trustees formally 
refused to accept the provisions of the act. 

A meeting of the Trustees of the university, under the act 
of June 27, 1816, was called, but through the illness of a sin- 
gle member, failed for want of a quorum. The judges of the 
Superior Court, on December 5, 1816, in answer to the Gov- 
ernor and Council, gave their opinion that the executive de- 
partment had no authority to fill the vacancies which had 
occurred. To remedy this, the Legislature, on December 18, 
1816, passed an additional act providing for filling the va- 
cancies, the calling of meetings and fixing a quorum ; and on 
December 26, 1816, passed another act imposing the penalty 
of five hundred dollars upon any person who should assume 
any office in the university except by virtue of the preceding 
acts. 

In view of this action President Brown writes to Mr. Tim- 
othy Farrar, of Portsmouth, January 3, 1817 : 

" Now, what shall we do ? One of these four courses must 
be taken. We rnust either keep possession and go on to teach 
as usual, without any regard to the law, or, withdrawing from 
the college edifice and all the college property, continue to 
instruct as the officers of Dartmouth College ; or, relinquish- 
ing this name for the present, collect as many students as will 
join us, and instruct them as private but associated individu- 
als ; or else we must give all up and disperse. Will you give 
us your opinion, what may be duty or what expedient, as 
soon as convenient ? Particularly, will you give us your 
opinion whether, supposing this oppressive act to be judged 
constitutional, we should be liable to the fine, if we instruct 
as the officers of Dartmouth College, relinquishing, however, 
the college buildings, the library, apparatus, etc." 

The Faculty of the college issued the following : 

"ADDEESS OF THE EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF DARTMOUTH 
COLLEGE TO THE PUBLIC. 

" As the undersigned, after the most serious and mature 
consideration, have determined to retain the offices which 
they received by the appointment of the Trustees of Dart- 
mouth College, and not voluntarily to surrender, at present, 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 109 

any property committed to them, nor to relinquish any privi- 
leges pertaining to their offices, they believe it to be a duty, 
which they owe to the public no less than to themselves, to 
make an explicit declaration of the principles by which they 
are governed. 

" They begin by stating the two following positions, as 
maxims of political morality, which they deem incontroverti- 
ble: 

" 1. It is wrong, under any form of government, for a citi- 
zen or subject to refuse compliance with the will of the sover- 
eign power, when that will is fully expressed, except in cases 
where the rights of conscience are invaded, or where oppres- 
sion is practiced to such an extreme degree that the great 
ends of civil government are defeated or highly endangered. 

" 2. Under a free government, where the sovereignty is ex- 
ercised by several distinct branches, whose respective powers 
are created and defined by written constitutions, cases may 
arise in which it will be the duty of the citizen to delay con- 
forming to the ordinances of one branch until the other 
branches shall have had opportunity to act. If, for example, 
the legislative branch should transcend its legitimate power, 
and assume to perform certain acts which the Constitution had 
assigned to the province of the judicial branch, a citizen, in- 
juriously affected by those acts, might be bound, not indeed 
forcibly to resist them, but, in the manner pointed out by 
law, to make an appeal to the judiciary and to await its de- 
cision. 

"The undersigned deem it unnecessary, in this place, to 
detail the provisions of the acts of the Honorable Legislature, 
passed in June and December, A. D. 1816, relating to this 
institution. Those acts are before the public and are gener- 
ally understood. 

" The Board of Trustees, as constituted by the Charter of 
1769, at their annual meeting in August last, took into con- 
sideration the act of June, and adopted a resolution, ' not to 
accept its provisions.' In the preamble to this resolution, we 
find a paragraph in the words following : ' They (the Trus- 
tees) find the law fully settled and recognized in almost every 
case which has arisen, wherein a corporation or any member 



110 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

or officer is a party, that no man or body of men is bound to 
accept, or act under, any grant or gift of corporate powers 
and privileges ; and that no existing corporation is bound to 
accept, but may decline or refuse to accept any act or grant 
conferring additional powers or privileges, or making any re- 
striction or limitation of those they already possess ; and in 
case a grant is made to individuals or to a corporation with- 
out application, it is to be regarded not as an act obligatory 
or binding upon them, but as an offer or proposition to confer 
such powers and privileges, or the expression of a desire to 
have them accept such restrictions, which they are at liberty 
to accept or reject.' 

" If the doctrine contained in this paragraph be correct, and 
of its correctness the undersigned, after ascertaining the opin- 
ion of eminent jurists in most of the New England States, 
entertain no doubt, the act of June, and of course the acts of 
December, have become inoperative, in consequence of the 
nonacceptance of them by the Charter Trustees, and the pro- 
visions of these acts are not binding upon the corporation or 
its officers. We take the liberty to add, that, in our opinion, 
the reasons assigned by the Trustees in the preamble before 
mentioned for not accepting the act of June, are very impor- 
tant and amply sufficient. Indeed, it has ever appeared to 
us, that the changes proposed to be introduced into the char- 
ter by the acts in question, would have proved highly inauspi- 
cious to the welfare of this institution, and ultimately injuri- 
ous to the interests of literature throughout our country. 

" The Trustees appointed agreeably to the provisions of the 
act of June have, however, thought proper to organize, with- 
out the concurrence of the Charter Trustees, and to perform 
numerous decisive acts. 

** At a meeting in Concord on the fourth instant, they 
brought several specifications of charges against the under- 
signed ; and at an adjourned meeting, holden on the twenty- 
second instant, they proceeded to displace, discharge, and 
remove them from their respective offices in Dartmouth 
University. A similar procedure was adopted against four 
of the Trustees acting under the Charter. 

** Unless we greatly mistake, in the view already expressed 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. Ill 

of the act of June, the votes of the university Trustees, remov- 
ing us from ofl&ce, are wholly unauthorized and destitute of 
any legal effect; and we are still, as we have uniformly 
claimed to be, officers of Dartmouth College under the charter 
of 1769. 

" The Charter Trustees having resolved to assert their cor- 
porate rights, and having, for this purpose, recently commenced 
a suit against their late Secretary and Treasurer, in the issue 
of which it is expected the question between them and their 
competitors will be finally settled, the undersigned, being 
united with them in opinion, in principle, and in feeling, can- 
not consent to abandon them, or to perform any act which 
may prejudice their claims, while this suit is pending. They 
must therefore proceed, as officers of Dartmouth College, to 
discharge their prescribed duties. They are sensible of their 
obligation to render submission to the laws, and their first in- 
quiry, in the case before them, has been. What is law ? The 
result is a full conviction in their own minds, that the course 
they have concluded to adopt is strictly legal, and that no 
other course would be consistent with their duty. If they err, 
their error will shortly be corrected by the decision of our 
highest judicial tribunals ; and with this decision they will 
readily comply. In the meantime, while the appeal is made 
to the laws of their country, and to the constitutions of this 
State and of the United States, which are the supreme law, 
they trust that none of their fellow-citizens will have the un- 
kindness to charge them with a want of respect to the gov- 
ernment under which they live. As soon as the will of the 
government shall be fairly expressed, they will render to it a 
prompt obedience. 

" The undersigned are placed in a situation singularly diffi- 
cult and highly responsible. To them it seems to be allotted 
in Divine Providence, to perform a part which, in its conse- 
quences, may deeply affect the interests not only of this insti- 
tution, but of all similar institutions in this country. And 
although they are fully conscious of their own inability to 
perform this part in a manner worthy of its importance, yet 
they are firmly resolved, relying on divine assistance, not to 
shrink from any duty, or any danger, which it may involve. 



112 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" The penal act of December they cannot but regard as 
unnecessarily severe ; nor do they see what purpose it was 
calculated to answer, except to influence them, by the pros- 
pect of embarrassing suits, to an abandonment of their trust. 
They are aware that men may be found disposed to multiply 
prosecutions against them, and to despoil them of the little 
property they possess ; but they believe themselves called in 
Providence not to shun this hazard, as they cannot reconcile 
it with their obligation to the institution under their care, to 
relinquish the places they occupy, until it shall be ascertained 
that they cannot rightfully retain them. 

*' As the university Trustees have expressed a great regard 
for the laws, the undersigned have a right to expect that 
neither they, or any agents appointed by them, will resort to 
illegal measures to seize on the college buildings and property. 
Should such measures unhappily be adopted, the undersigned 
will make no forcible resistance, it not being a part of their 
policy to repel violence by violence. They will quietly with- 
draw where they cannot peaceably retain possession, and, with 
the best accommodations they can procure, will continue to 
instruct the classes committed to them, until the prevalence 
of other counsels shall procure a repeal of the injurious acts, 
or until the decision of the law shall convince them of their 
error, or restore them to their rights. 

" Francis Brown, 
" Ebenezer Adams, 

" ROSWELL ShURTLEFF. 
"February 28, 1817." 

Th^ above gentlemen constituted the permanent Faculty 
at this period. In view of all the circumstances they deter- 
mined to surrender the college buildings and library to their 
opponents, and the Trustees determined to test their rights 
before the courts, the action being brought against the former 
Treasurer, who adhered to the "University" party. 

*' The action : * The Trustees of Dartmouth College v, 
William H. Woodward,' was commenced in the Court of 
Common Pleas, Grafton County, State of New Hampshire, 
February Term, 1817. The declaration was trover for the 
books of record, original charter, common seal, and other cor- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 113 

porate property of the college. The conversion was alleged 
to have been made on the 7th day of October, 1816. The 
proper pleas were filed, and by consent the cause was carried 
directly to the Superior Court of New Hampshire, by appeal, 
and entered at the May Term, 1817. The general issue was 
pleaded by the defendant, and joined by the plaintiffs. The 
facts in the case were then agreed upon by the parties, and 
drawn up in the form of a special verdict, reciting the Charter 
of the college and the acts of the Legislature of the State, 
passed June and December, 1816, by which the said corpora- 
tion of Dartmouth College was enlarged and improved, and 
the said Charter amended. 

" The question made in the case was, whether those acts 
of the Legislature were valid and binding upon the corpora- 
tion, without their acceptance or assent, and not repugnant 
to the Constitution of the United States. If so, the verdict 
found for the defendants ; otherwise it found for the plain- 
tiffs. 

" The cause was continued to the September Term of the 
court in Rockingham County, where it was argued ; and at 
the November term of the same year, in Grafton Count}^ the 
opinion of the court was delivered by Chief Justice Richardson, 
sustaining the validity and constitutionality of the acts of the 
Legislature ; and judgment was accordingly entered for the 
defendant on the special verdict. 

" Thereupon a writ of error was sued out by the original 
plaintiffs, to remove the cause to the Supreme Court of the 
United States, where it was entered at the term of the court 
holden at Washington on the first Monday of February, 
1818. 

" The cause came on for argument on the 10th day of March 
1818, before all the judges. It was argued by Mr. Webster 
and Mr. Hopkinson, for the plaintiffs in error, and by Mr. 
Holmes and the Attorney-general (Wirt), for the defendant 
in error. 

" At the term of the court holden in February, 1819, the 
opinion of the judges was delivered by Chief Justice Marshall, 
declaring the acts of the Legislature unconstitutional and in- 
valid, and reversing the judgment of the State court. The 

8 



114 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

court, with the exception of Mr. Justice Duvall, were unani- 
mous." 

The arguments in the New Hampshire court by Messrs. 
Mason, Smith, and Webster for the college, and Messrs. Sul- 
livan and Bartlett for Mr. Woodward ; the decision of that 
court, and the cause in the Supreme Court of the United 
States, are an important part of our country's judicial history. 
The result was logically based upon prior decisions of the 
Supreme Court. We invite special attention to one point in 
Mr. Webster's argument. If, in the lapse of time, under the 
strong light of careful research or elaborate criticism, all the 
other brilliant colors of this remarkable fabric shall fade or 
vanish, this central figure will remain forever, to illustrate 
the relations of the college to the State. 

" The State of Vermont is a principal donor to Dartmouth 
College. The lands given lie in that State. This appears in 
the special verdict. Is Vermont to be considered as having 
intended a gift to the State of New Hampshire in this case, 
as, it has been said, is to be the reasonable construction of all 
donations to the college ? The Legislature of New Hampshire 
affects to represent the public, and therefore claims a right to 
control all property destined to public use. What hinders 
Vermont from considering herself equally the representative 
of the public, and from resuming her grants, at her own pleas- 
ure ? Her right to do so is less doubtful than the power of 
New Hampshire to pass the laws in question." 

Thus closed one of the most important contests in the his- 
tory of American jurisprudence. 

Law, politics, literature, and religion combined to make it a 
subject of national concern. The decision gave to a large 
class of chartered institutions a security never enjoyed before. 
The lapse of more than half a century enables us to consider 
the question calmly and candidly, uninfluenced by interest, 
prejudice, or passion. 

The case was attended with serious embarrassments. 
Neither counsel nor court had thorough knowledge of the 
history of the school and the college, and the relations of each 
to the other. Had they possessed this knowledge, the line of 
argument in some respects would have been very different, 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 115 

although perhaps with the same general results. More than 
this, there were no precedents. Indeed, at that early day 
questions of constitutional law had occupied very little of the 
attention of the American courts. 

There would have been embarrassment had the British 
Parliament, before our Revolution, assumed the right to alter 
materially the Charter of the college. Changes in chartered 
institutions in America, especially, by that body, although 
within the scope of its power, were usually met with the stern- 
est protests. After the Revolution, there were wide differences 
of opinion as to who had power over charters granted ante- 
cedent to that event. In the case of Dartmouth's Charter 
any one of several opinions might have found plausible sup- 
port. To determine whether it was a fit matter for State or 
national legislation, or judicial control, we must revert to the 
history of the Charter. There we find that it was the unvary- 
ing purpose of the founder, adhered to through a long period 
of severe and persistent effort, to obtain a Charter which would 
enable him to locate his school or schools in any of the 
American colonies. He was determined to be as free as pos- 
sible from local obligations and local control. There can be 
no doubt that in securing the Charter of the college he believed 
that he had accomplished a similar purpose. The Charter 
appointed as a majority of the first Board of Trustees resi- 
dents in Connecticut, — making it for the time being, by de- 
sign of the founder, for good and sufficient reasons, in a sense, 
a Connecticut institution, — with a provision that after the 
lapse of a brief period a majority of the Board should be resi- 
dents in New Hampshire. In writing upon this subject to a 
business correspondent, in June, 1777, President Wheelock 
says, referring to a third party : " Let him see how amply this 
incorporation is endowed, and how independent it is made of 
this government or any other incorporation," and adds that 
" a matter of controversy " relating to the township granted 
by the king to the college nearly at the same time with the 
Charter, " can be decided by no judicatory but supreme, or 
one equal to that which incorporated it, ^. e., the Continental 
Congress." 

The views of no one person will be received by all, as con- 



116 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

elusive on a subject of so much importance. But certainly, 
Eleazar Wheelock had a right to construe the provisions of an 
instrument which in almost every line bore his impress, never 
possessed by any other individual. 

Had John Wheelock presented his grievances to the Na- 
tional Legislature, — only in a limited sense, it is true, if at 
all, the successor of that king, whose grant of Landaff, in ad- 
dition to the College Charter, made him, in a sense, according 
to Coke, the founder of the college, — he might, in all prob- 
ability, have obtained what he desired in a peaceful manner, 
although an important judicial decision might never have oc-, 
cupied its present place in American law. 



CHAPTER XIII. 

CHARACTEE OF PRESIDENT BROWN. — TRIBUTES BY PRO- 
FESSOR HADDOCK AND RUFUS CHOATE. 

In Sprague's " Annals of the American Pulpit," we find, in 
substance, the following notice of President Brown : 

Francis Brown was the son of Benjamin and Prudence 
(Kelley) Brown, and was born at Chester, Rockingham 
County, N. H., January 11, 1784. His father was a merchant, 
and had a highly respectable standing in society. His mother 
was a person of superior intellect and heart, and, though she 
died when he had only reached his tenth year, she had im- 
pressed upon him some of the most striking of her own char- 
acteristics ; particularly her uncommon love of order and pro- 
priety, even in the most minute concerns, and her uncompro- 
mising adherence to her own convictions of truth and right. 
In his early boyhood he evinced the utmost eagerness in the 
pursuit of knowledge, and never suffered any opportunity for 
intellectual improvement to escape him. At the age of four- 
teen, he ventured to ask his father to furnish him with the 
means of a collegiate education ; but, in consideration of 
his somewhat straitened circumstances, he felt constrained 
to deny the request. By a subsequent marriage, however, his 
circumstances were improved ; and the new mother of young 
Brown, with most commendable generosity, assumed the pecu- 
niary responsibility of his going to college. He always cher- 
ished the most grateful recollection of her kindness ; and, but 
a few days before his death, he said to her with the deepest 
fiHal sensibility, " My dear mother, whatever good I have 
done in the world, and whatever honor I have received, I owe 
it all to you." 

In his sixteenth year he became a member of Atkinson 
Academy, then under the care of the Hon. John Vose, and 



118 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

among the most respectable institutions of the kind in New- 
England . His instructor has rendered the following testi- 
mony concerning him at that period : " Though he made no 
pretensions to piety during his residence at the academy, he 
was exceedingly amiable in his affections and moral in his de- 
portment. It is very rare we find an individual in whom so 
many excellencies centre. To a sweet disposition was united 
a strong mind ; to an accuracy which examined the minutiae 
of everything a depth of investigation which penetrated the 
most profound. I recollect that when I wrote recommending 
him to college, I informed Dr. Wheelock I had sent him an 
Addison." 

Of the formation of his religious character little more is 
known than that it was of silent, yet steady growth. It was 
not till the year that he became a tutor in college that he 
made a public profession of his faith, by connecting himself 
with the church in his native place. 

In the spring of 1802 he joined the Freshman class of 
Dartmouth College, and, during the whole period of his col- 
legiate course, was a model of persevering diligence, of gentle 
and winning manners, and pure and elevated morality. From 
college he carried with him the respect and love of both 
teachers and students. Having spent the year succeeding his 
graduation as a private tutor in the family of the venerable 
Judge Paine, of Williamstown, Vt., he was appointed to a 
tutorship in the college at which he had graduated. This of- 
fice he accepted, and for three years discharged its duties with 
great ability and fidelity, while, at the same time, he was pur- 
suing theologicaL studies with reference to his future profes- 
sion. 

Having received license to preach from the Grafton Associ- 
ation, he resigned his tutorship at the Commencement in 
1809, with a view to give himself solely to the work of the 
ministry. After declining several flattering applications for 
his services, he accepted an invitation from the Congrega- 
tional Church in North Yarmouth, Me., to become their pas- 
tor; and he was accordingly ordained there on his birthday, 
January 11, 1810. Within a few months from this time, he 
was chosen Professor of Languages at Dartmouth College ; 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 119 

but this appointment he was pleased, greatly to the joy of 
his parishioners, to decline. For the succeeding five years he 
labored with great zeal and success among his people, while 
his influence was sensibly felt in sustaining and advancing the 
interests of learning and religion throughout the State. He 
was the intimate friend of the lamented President Appleton ; 
and no one, perhaps, cooperated with the president more vig- 
rously than he, in increasing the resources and extending the 
influence of Bowdoin College. 

He was inaugurated President of Dartmouth College, on 
the 27th of September, 1815. 

During the period when the college controversy was at its 
height, and it seemed difi&cult to predict its issue, Mr. Brown 
was invited to the presidency of Hamilton College, — a re- 
spectable and flourishing institution in the State of New 
York. He did not, however, feel at liberty to accept the in- 
vitation, considering himself so identified with the college 
with which he was then connected that he must share either 
its sinking or rising fortunes. 

President Brown's labors were too severe for his constitu- 
tion. He was not only almost constantly engaged during the 
week in the instruction and general supervision of the college, 
but most of his Sabbaths were spent in preaching to destitute 
congregations in the neighborhood ; and, during his vacations, 
he was generally traveling with a view to increase the col- 
lege funds. Soon after the Commencement in 1818, he began 
to show some symptoms of pulmonary disease, and these 
symptoms continued, and assumed a more aggravated form, 
under the best medical prescriptions. His last effort in the 
pulpit was at Thetford, Yt., October 6, 1818. In the hope 
of recovering from his disease, he traveled into the western 
part of New York, but no substantial relief was obtained. In 
the fall of 1819, with a view to try the effect of a milder cli- 
mate, he journeyed as far south as South Carolina and 
Georgia, where he spent the following winter and spring. 
He returned in the month of June, and, though he was 
greeted by his friends and pupils with the most affectionate 
welcome, they all saw, from his pallid countenance and ema- 
ciated form, that he had only come home to die. As he was 



120 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

unable to appear in public, he invited the Senior class, who 
were about to leave college at the commencement of their last 
vacation, to visit him in his chamber ; and there he addressed 
to them, with the solemnity of a spirit just ready to take its 
flight, the most pertinent and affectionate farewell counsels, 
which they received with every expression of gratitude, ven- 
eration, and love. In his last days and hours he evinced the 
most humble, trusting, child-like spirit, willing to live as long 
as God was pleased to detain him, but evidently considering 
it far better to depart and be with Christ. His last words 
were, " Glorious Redeemer, take my spirit." He died July 
27, 1820. 

His wife Elisabeth, daughter of the Eev. Tristram Gilman, 
a lady whose fine intellectual, moral, and Christian qualities 
adorned every station in which she was placed, survived him 
many years, and died on the 5th of September, 1851. They 
had three children, one of whom, Samuel Gilman [now Presi- 
dent Brown], is a professor in Dartmouth College. 

The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon Pres- 
ident Brown by both Hamilton and Williams Colleges, in 
1819. 

The following is a list of President Brown's published 
works : " An Address on Music," delivered before the Handel 
Society of Dartmouth College, 1809. " The Faithful Stew- 
ard : " A Sermon delivered at the ordination of Allen Greeley, 
1810. " A Sermon delivered before the Maine Missionary 
Society, 1814." " Calvin and Calvinism ; " defended against 
certain injurious representations contained in a pamphlet en- 
titled " A Sketch of the Life and Doctrine of the Celebrated 
John Calvin ; " of which Rev. Martin Ruter claims to be the 
author, 1815. '• A Reply to the Rev. Martin Ruter's Letter 
relating to Calvin and Calvinism, 1815." "A Sermon de- 
livered at Concord before the Convention of Congregational 
and Presbyterian Ministers of New Hampshire, 1818." 

The following is from Prof. Charles B. Haddock, D. D. : 
" My acquaintance with the President was, for the most part, 
that of a pupil with his teacher ; an undergraduate with the 
head of the college. And yet it was somewhat more than 
this ; for it was-my happiness, during my Senior year, to have 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 121 

lodgings in the same house with him, and to eat at the same 
table, in the family of one of the professors, and as one of a 
small circle, all connected with college, and a good deal re- 
markable for the freedom and vivacity of their conversation. 
After graduating, I saw him only occasionally, until the last 
few months of his life, which he passed here, near the close of 
my first year's residence at the college as a teacher, — months 
in which the greatness of his character was still more signally 
manifest than in any other circumstances in which I had seen 
him. 

** In recording my youthful impressions of so uncommon a 
personage, I may, therefore, hope to be thought to speak not 
altogether without knowledge, though it should be with en- 
thusiasm. 

" Dr. Brown came to preside over the college at the age of 
less than thirty-two, and in circumstances to attract unusual 
attention to his administration. It was during a violent con- 
test of opposing parties for the control of its affairs, and im- 
mediately after the removal of his predecessor from office. 
His qualifications and his official acts were, of course, exposed 
to severe scrutiny, and could command the respect of the 
community at large only by approving themselves to the can-, 
did judgment even of the adverse party. And I suppose it 
would be admitted, even in New Hampshire, that no man 
ever commended himself to general favor, I may say to gen- 
eral admiration, by a wiser, more prudent, or more honorable 
bearing, amid the greatest and most trying difficulties. In- 
deed, such was his conduct of affairs, and such the nobleness 
of his whole character, as displayed in his intercourse with 
the government of the State, with a rival institution under 
the public authority, and with all classes of men, that not a 
few who began with zeal for the college over which he pre- 
sided, came at last to act even more from zeal for the MAN 
who presided over it. 

" The mind of Dr. Brown was of the very highest order, — 
profound, comprehensive, and discriminating. Its action was 
deliberate, circumspect, and sure. He made no mistakes ; ha 
left nothing in doubt where certainty was possible ; he never 
conjectured where there were means of knowledge ; he had 



122 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

no obscure glimpses among his ideas of truth and duty. Al- 
ways sound and always luminous, his opinions were never 
uttered without being understood, and never understood with- 
out being regarded. There was a dignity and weight in his 
judgments which seem to me not unlike what constitutes the 
patriarchal authority of Washington and Marshall. 

" If not already a man of learning, in the larger sense of that 
term, it was only because the duties of the pastoral relation 
had so long attracted his attention to the objects of more par- 
ticular interest in his profession. Had his life been spared, 
however, he would have been learned in the highest and 
rarest sense. His habits of study were liberal, patient, and 
eminently philosophical ; and within the sphere which his in- 
quiries covered, his knowledge was accurate and choice, and 
his taste faultless. The entire form of his literary character 
was beautiful — strong without being dogmatic ; delicate 
without being fastidious. 

" His heart was large. Great objects alone could fill it ; and 
it was full of great objects. There was no littleness of 
thought, or purpose, or ambition, in him — nothing little. 
The range of his literary sympathies was as wide as the world 
of mind ; his benevolence as universal as the wants of man. 

" His person was commanding. Gentle in his manners, affa- 
ble, courteous, he yet, unconsciously, partly by the natural 
dignity of his figure, and still more by the greatness visibly 
impressed on his features, exacted from us all a deference, a 
veneration even, that seemed as natural as it was inevitable. 
His very presence was a restraint upon everything like levity 
or frivolity, and diffused a thoughtful and composed, if not 
always grave, air about him, which, never ceasing to be cheer- 
ful and bright, never failed to dignify the objects of pursuit 
and elevate the intercourse of life. A gentleman in the prim- 
itive sense of the word, he was, without seeking to be thought 
so, always felt to be of a superior order of men. 

'' On the whole, it has been my fortune to know no man 
whose entire character has appeared to me so near perfection, 
none, whom it would so satisfy me in all things to resem- 
ble. 

" How much we lost in him it is now impossible to estimate, 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 123 

and it would, perhaps, be useless to know. His early death ex- 
tinguished great hopes. But his memory is a treasure, which 
even death cannot take from us." 

Hon. Raf us Choate writes thus : " It happened that my 
whole time at college coincided with the period of President 
Brown's administration. He was inducted into office in the 
autumn of 1815, my Freshman year, and he died in the sum- 
mer of 1820. It is not the want, therefore, but the throng, of 
recollections of him that creates any difficulty in complying 
with your request. He was still young at the time of his in- 
auguration — not more than thirty-one — and he had passed 
those few years, after having been for three of them a tutor 
in Dartmouth College, in the care of a parish in North Yar- 
mouth, in Maine ; but he had already, in an extraordinary de- 
gree, dignity of person and sentiment ; rare beauty, — almost 
youthful beauty, of countenance ; a sweet, deep, commanding 
tone of voice ; a grave but graceful and attractive demeanor — 
all the traits and all the qualities, completely ripe, which 
make up and express weight of character ; and all the address 
and firmness and knowledge of youth, men, and affairs which 
constitute what we call administrative talent. For that form 
of talent, and for the greatness which belongs to character, he 
was doubtless remarkable. He must have been distinguished 
for this among the eminent. From his first appearance be- 
fore the students on the day of his inauguration, when he 
delivered a brief and grave address in Latin, prepared we 
were told, the evening before, until they followed the bier, 
mourning, to his untimely grave, he governed them perfectly 
and always, through- their love and veneration : the love and 
veneration of the ' willing soul.' Other arts of government 
were, indeed, just then, scarcely practicable. The college was 
in a crisis which relaxed discipline, and would have placed a 
weak instructor, or an instructor unbeloved, or loved with no 
more than ordinary regard, in the power of classes which 
would have abused it. It was a crisis which demanded a 
great man for President, and it found such an one in him. In 
1816, the Legislature of New Hampshire passed the acts 
which changed the Charter of the institution, abolished the 
old corporation of Trustees, created a new one, extinguished 



124 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

the legal identity of the college, and reconstructed it or set 
up another under a different and more ambitions name and a 
different government. The old Trustees, with President 
Brown at their head, denied the validity of these acts, and 
resisted their administration. A dominant political party had 
passed or adopted them ; and thereupon a controversy arose 
between the college and a majority of the State ; conducted 
in part in the courts of law of New Hampshire, and of the 
Union ; in part by the press ; sometimes by the students of 
the old institution and the new in personal collision, or the 
menace of personal collision, within the ver}^ gardens of the 
academy ; which was not terminated until the Supreme 
Court of the United States adjudged the acts unconstitu- 
tional and void. This decision was pronounced in 1819 ; and 
then, and not till then, had President Brown peace, — a brief 
peace made happy by letters, by religion, b}^ the conscious- 
ness of a great duty performed for law, for literature, and for 
the Constitution, — happy even in prospect of premature 
death. This contest tried him and the college with extreme 
and various severity. To induce students to remain in a 
school disturbed and menaced; to engage and inform public 
sentiment, the true patron and effective founder, by show- 
ing forth that the principles of a sound political morality, as 
well as of law, prescribed the action of the old Trustees ; to 
confer with the counsel of the college, two of whom — Mr. 
Mason and Mr. Webster — have often declared to me their 
admiration of the intellectual force and practical good sense 
which he brought to those conferences, — this all, while it 
withdrew him somewhat from the proper studies and proper 
cares of his office, created a necessity for the display of the 
very rarest qualities of temper, discretion, tact, and command, 
and he met it with consummate ability and fortune. One of 
his addresses to the students in the chapel at the darkest mo- 
ment of the struggle, presenting the condition and prospects 
of the college, and the embarrassments of all kinds which 
surrounded its instructors, and appealing to the manliness and 
affection and good principles of the students to help ' by what- 
soever things were honest, lovely, or of good report,' occurs to 
recollection as of extraordinary persuasiveness and influence. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 125 

" There can be no doubt that he had very eminent intellect- 
ual ability, true love of the beautiful in all things, and a taste 
trained to discover, enjoy, and judge it, and that his acquire- 
ments were competent and increasing. It was the ' keenness ' 
of his mind of which Mr. Mason always spoke to me as re- 
markable in any man of any profession. He met him only 
in consultation as a client ; but others, students, all nearer 
his age, and admitted to his fuller intimacy, must have been 
struck rather with the sobriety and soundness of his thoughts, 
the solidity and large grasp of his understanding, and the 
harmonized culture of all its parts. He wrote a pure and clear 
English style, and he judged of elegant literature with a cath- 
olic and appreciative but chastised taste. The recollections 
of a student of the learning of a beloved and venerated presi- 
dent of a college, whom he sees only as a boy sees a man, and 
his testimony concerning it, will have little value ; but I know 
that he was esteemed an excellent Greek and Latin scholar, 
and our recitations of Horace, which the poverty of the college 
and the small number of its teachers induced him to superin- 
tend, though we were Sophomores only, were the most agree- 
able and instructive exercises of the whole college classical 
course. 

*' Of studies more professional he seemed master. Locke, 
Stewart, with whose liberality and tolerance and hopeful and 
rational philanthropy he sympathized warmly, Butler, Ed- 
wards, and the writers on natural law and moral philosophy, 
he expounded with the ease and freedom of one habitually 
trained and wholly equal to these larger meditations. 

" His term of office was short and troubled ; but the histo- 
rian of the college will record of his administration a two-fold 
honor ; first, that it was marked by a noble vindication of its 
chartered rights ; and second, that it was marked also by a 
real advancement of its learning ; by collections of ampler 
libraries, and by displays of a riper scholarship." 



CHAPTER XIV. 

PROGRESS FROM 1820 TO 1828. — ADMINISTRATIONS OF PRESI- 
DENT DANA AND PRESIDENT TYLER. 

It was not an easy matter, especially in the impoverished 
condition of the college, to find a worthy successor of Presi- 
dent Brown. 

During the period of President Brown's illness, and at dif- 
ferent periods after his death, Professor Ebenezer Adams, a 
gentleman of decided and energetic character, and (in years) 
the senior professor in the college, was acting president. 

Rev. Daniel Dana of Newburyport, Massachusetts, was 
elected the fourth president of the college in August, 1820. 

The substance of the next few pages is from the " Life of 
President Dana," published in 1866. 

The following is one of many letters addressed to him, 
urging his acceptance of the presidency: 

"Dartmouth College, Sept. 7, 1820. 

" Rev. AND DEAR Sir : — Not having heard from any of 
our friends what is the prospect in regard to your acceptance 
of the appointment made by our Trustees, I cannot help 
troubling you with a line. 

" I need not tell you that our solicitude would rise to ex- 
treme distress were we seriousl}^ apprehensive that you might 
decide in the negative. Oh, sir, remember the desolations of 
Zion here, and have compassion. The friends of the college 
look to you, and to you only, to repair the waste places. 
When you know that the voice of the Trustees conspires with 
that of the clergy and of the public at large, and when this 
same voice is echoed from the tomb of our late beloved and 
much lamented President Brown, can you hesitate ? That 
good man, in his last days, with almost the confidence and 




Rev. DANIEL DANA, D. D. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 127 

ardor of prophecy, declared his belief in the future prosperity 
and usefulness of Dartmouth College. You have, I hope, 
been informed of the strong manner in which he, last autumn, 
expressed himself in relation to a successor ; and of the same 
decided and unwavering opinion which came from his mouth 
a few days before his death. ' I have,' said he, ' but one can- 
didate, and that is Dr. Dana. Whom do they talk of for a 
successor? My opinion is exactly the same as when I con- 
versed with you last fall.' 

" I do pray, my dear sir, that Divine Providence may not 
permit you to fail of coming. 

" I should be grieved if, on making the trial, you should 
not find yourself pleasantly situated here. I verily believe 
that you would find a disposition on the part of the people of 
the village, including all the college Facult}^, to render your 
situation comfortable and pleasant. 

" We shall watch every mail and ask every friend, till we 
learn the decision, or rather what we may expect the decision 
to be. With great respect, 

" Your obedient servant, 

"R. D. M."i 

What is here stated as to President Brown, was also true of 
President Appleton of Bowdoin College. Each had desired 
that Dr. Dana should be his successor. No stronger proof 
could be given of the confidence felt in him, than these con- 
current last wishes of two such men. Each had brought to 
the office he held not merely intellectual preeminence, but a 
dignity and elevation of character, and a singleness of purpose, 
rarely equaled ; and to each the future welfare of the institu- 
tion over which he presided was an object of the deepest solic- 
itude. 

Dr. Dana's letter of acceptance is as follows : 

"To THE Rev. and Honorable Board of Trustees of Dart- 
mouth College, 

" Gentlemen : — I have received, with deep sensibility, 
not unmingled with surprise, the notice of the appointment 
1 Professor R. D. Mussey. 



128 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

with which you have honored me, to the presidency of the 
institution under your care. 

" The consideration of a subject of such magnitude has been 
attended with no small degree of perplexity and 'distress. 

" The character and objects of Dartmouth College ; its in- 
timate connection with the great interests of the Church and 
of human society ; the important services it has long rendered 
to botli ; its recent arduous struggle for existence, with the 
attending embarrassments, and auspicious issue ; the claims it 
possesses on the community, and especially on its own sons ; 
the unanimity of your suffrages in the present case ; these 
with other affecting circumstances have been carefully consid- 
ered, and I trust duly appreciated. 

• " Considerations of a different kind have likewise presented. 
My long and intimate connection with a most beloved and 
affectionate people — a connection rendered interesting not 
onl}^ by its duties and delights but by its very solicitudes and 
afflictions — a diffidence of my powers to meet the expectations 
of the Trustees, and the demands of the college ; the exchange, 
at my age, of a sphere whose duties, though arduous and ex- 
hausting, are yet familiar, for another in which new duties, 
new responsibilities, new anxieties arise ; in which likewise 
success is uncertain, and failure would be distressing — these 
considerations, with a variety of others scarcely possible to be 
detailed, have at times come over me with an almost appalling 
influence. 

" In these circumstances I have not dared trust my feelings, 
nor even my judgment, with the decision of the case. 

" One resource remained, — to seek advice through the 
regular ecclesiastical channel — and this with a full determi- 
nation to consider the judgment of the presbytery as the most 
intelligible expression which I could hope to obtain of the 
mind and will of Heaven, respecting my duty; to this. meas- 
ure my church and people gave their consent. 

" The presbytery having determined, by nearly a unani- 
mous vote, in favor of the dissolution of my pastoral relation, 
and my acceptance of the appointment, my duty is of course 
decided. I now, therefore, declare my compliance with your 
invitation. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 129 

" I devote the residue of my life to the interests of the in- 
stitution committed to your care. 

" This I do with deep solicitude, yet not without an ani- 
mating hope that He whose prerogative and glory it is to 
operate important effects by feeble instruments, may be 
pleased, even through me, to give a blessing to a seminary 
which has so signally enjoyed His protecting and fostering 
care. 

" Providence permitting, I shall be at Hanover on the fourth 
Wednesday of the present month, with a view to attend the 
solemnities of inauguration. It will then be necessary, con- 
sidering the advanced season, and other circumstances, for me 
to return without delay, that I may arrange my affairs and 
remove my family. 

" Gentlemen, my resolution on this great subject has been 
taken in the full confidence of experiencing, in all future time, 
what I shall so much need, your liberal candor, and your cor- 
dial, energetic support. Suffer me, in addition, to request, in 
my behalf, your devout supplications to Him who is the 
Father of Lights and the munificent bestower of every bless- 
ing. 

" I am, gentlemen, with every sentiment of esteem and re- 
spect, 

" Your devoted friend and servant, 

" Daniel Dana. 

*' Newburtport, Oct. 3, 1820." 

" Allusion is made in his farewell sermon at Newburyport, 
to his ' recently impaired health.' This was premonitory. 
Scarcely had he removed his family to Hanover, and entered 
on his new duties, before the crisis came to which, doubtless , 
the wasting cares and anxieties of preceding years and the 
recent severe pressure upon his sensibilities, had been silently 
but inevitably tending. His health gave way, and great de- 
pression of spirits accompanied his bodily languor. He took 
more than one long journey in the vain effort to recruit his 
energies. He writes to a friend of being * in a state of great 
and very uncommon debility, undoubtedly to be attributed to 
the protracted operation of distressing causes, both on mind 
and frame.' He also states, that, whilst absent from Hano- 



130 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

ver in accordance with the advice of his physician, he still 
hoped to be able, after his strength was recruited, to accom- 
plish something in the matter of soliciting aid to the funds of 
the college ; a work which, however uncongenial to his tastes, 
he found would necessarily be devolved on its president. 

" The winter months passed by, and there was still little or 
no improvement in his health. When it became known that 
he was agitating the question of resigning his office, many ur- 
gent requests were made to him not to decide hastily. He 
delayed only till Aprils and then called a meeting of the Trus- 
tees, to be held early in May, for the purpose of receiving and 
acting upon his resignation of his office. He wished it to be 
considered as ' absolute and final.' The notification to a 
member of the Board with whom he was specially intimate, 
was accompanied by a letter in which he says ; 

'' 'You will naturally conclude that the resolution which I 
have taken has cost me many a struggle, and much severe 
distress. This is the fact. The last seven months have been 
with me a scene of suffering indeed. I have fondly hoped 
that repeated journeyings would give me relief. But their 
effect has been only partial and temporary. Such is my 
prostration at this moment, that the duties of my office, and 
not less its cares and its responsibilities, seem a burden quite 
beyond my power of bearing. Had it pleased God to make 
me an instrument of important good to the college, I should 
have esteemed myself privileged indeed; but this privilege, 
though denied to me, awaits, I confidently hope, some more 
favored instrument of the Divine benevolence. I earnestly 
pray, that, in what pertains to this great concern, the Trus- 
tees may be favored with much heavenly wisdom and direc- 
tion.' 

" He now took a long journey to Ohio, visiting at Athens the 
brother who had been the companion of his early years. Un- 
der these favorable influences, his health began more decidedly 
to improve. At their meeting, July 4, the Trustees of the 
college, by unanimous resolution, requested him to withdraw 
his resignation ; but he declined to do so, though * gratefully 
acknowledging the kindness expressed in their communica- 
tion.' 



DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 131 

" Many years after these events, the Rev. Dr. Lord, so long 
and so honorably the president of Dartmouth College, thus 
referred to Dr. Dana's connection v^rith the institution : 

" ' He was chosen president f or his vrell-known excellence as 
a scholar and theologian, and his extraordinary ministerial 
qualifications. He was honored the country over, in these 
respects. It was not doubted that he would be equally hon- 
orable as president of the college, should his health endure. 

"' That he would have been, had he been able to retain his 
place, everybody well understood, as well from his auspicious 
beginning, as his distinguished qualities. He made a deep 
impression upon the college during the short period of his 
actual service. 

" ' But his sensitive nature had received a great shock in 
the breaking up of his many and most endearing relations at 
Newburyport and the country around. He began here with 
health seriously impaired, and in great depression of spirit. 
The change of scene, of society, labor, and responsibility, was 
too much for his disordered frame. He sought relief by 
travel. But he gained little or nothing, and was driven to 
the conclusion that his life could probably be saved only by 
resignation. He could not consent to make such an office as 
he held a sinecure, or to see the college labor through its se- 
vere adversities without greater vigor of administration than 
his infirmities admitted. With great conscientiousness and 
magnanimity, he chose to put himself at a seeming disadvan- 
tage, rather than to risk the interests of the college upon what 
he judged to be the doubtful chances of his recovery. 

" ' He left with the profound respect and sincere regret of 
the Trustees and Faculty. Their confidence in him was un- 
shaken ; and they never doubted, that, had he been more 
favorable to himself, and borne his new burdens with less 
solicitude, till he could regain his health, he would have been 
as distinguished here as elsewhere, and raised the college to a 
corresponding usefulness and dignity. 

" ' Most men judge superficially and unwisely in such cases. 
So far as I know, the most competent judges of Dr. Dana's 
relations to Dartmouth see nothing that does not redound to 
his honor. It is understood that he accepted the presidency 



132 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

with great reluctance, on account of his other responsibilities 
and attachments, and with distrust of his physical ability to 
perform its duties ; that, while he performed them, it was 
with characteristic ability and effect ; and that, when his best 
efforts to regain his health failed, and he saw reason to fear, 
that, even if his life should not be a sacrifice, his increasing 
infirmities would be to the disadvantage of a struggling insti- 
tution, he generously, and entirely of his own accord, resigned. 
To ni}^ apprehension, all this is significant of great moral 
strength under the pressure of bodily disease, and a memor- 
able instance of that Christian heroism for which he has al- 
ways been remarkable. " 3Ialuit esse quam videri bonus.'''' 

The subsequent labors of President Dana in the ministry, 
and the high esteem of all who best knew him till his death, 
August 26, 1859, are matters of permanent record. His first 
wife, Mrs. Elizabeth (Coombs) Dana, and the second, Mrs. 
Sarah (Emery) Dana, had died previous to his residence at 
Hanover. 

President Dana's brief but earnest labors for the college 
having closed in 1821, the fifth president was Rev. Bennet 
Tyler, who was called from a pastorate in Southbury, Conn. 

We quote in substance some passages relating to this sub- 
ject from his " Memoir," by his son-in-law, Rev. Nahum 
Gale, D. D. 

'* Early in 1822, Mr. Tyler was appointed president of 
Dartmouth College. It was to him a mystery why he should 
be selected for that station. Located in a retired country 
parish, he had been devoted to the duties of the ministry, 
and had paid little attention to science or literature. He was 
strongly attached to his people and his home, for there had 
arisen, as ' olive plants,' around his table, three sons and four 
daughters. 

" But he was recommended to the Trustees of Dartmouth 
by Dr. Porter, of Andover, and others, in whose judgment he 
had great confidence ; his brethren around him in the minis- 
try, and the consociation with which he was connected, be- 
lieved it to be his duty to accept the appointment. Accord- 
ingly, he broke away from an endeared people, was inaugu- 
rated at Dartmouth in March, and entered upon the duties 




Rev. BENNET TYLER, D. D. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 133 

of his office the following June. In the autumn of 1822, the 
newly-elected president was honored by the degree of D. D., 
from Middlebury College. Of his connection with Dart- 
mouth College, Dr. Tyler has left the following record : 

" ' I was among strangers, and engaged in duties to which I 
was unaccustomed. But I found myself surrounded by able 
professors, who treated me with great kindness, and rendered 
me all the assistance in their power. My situation was much 
more pleasant than I anticipated ; and through the assistance 
of a gracious Providence, I was enabled to discharge the du- 
ties which devolved upon me with acceptance. I have never 
had any reason to doubt that I was in the path of duty when 
I accepted the appointment. My labor in the service of the 
college, I humbly trust, was not altogether in vain. I had 
the satisfaction to know that I left it in a more prosperous 
condition than I found it. It was no part of my duty, as 
president of the college, to preach on the Sabbath ; but the 
health of the professor of Divinity failing soon after my inau- 
guration, I found it necessary to supply his place ; and during 
the whole period of my presidency I preached a considerable 
part of the time. In the year 1826, there was a very interest- 
ing revival of religion, both among the students and the in- 
habitants of the village, which will be remembered by not a 
few, while '' immortality endures." 

" ' I was connected with the college six years ; and, although 
I never felt so much at home as in the duties of the ministry, 
still I had no serious thoughts of relinquishing my station, till, 
very unexpectedly, I received a call from the Second Church 
in Portland. When I received this call, I felt a new desire 
for the duties and joys of the pastoral life, and believing I 
could resign my office without putting in jeopardy the inter- 
ests of the college, I concluded to do so. I parted with the 
Trustees, Faculty, and students, with feelings of great cordial- 
ity, and I had reason to believe that the feelings were recipro- 
cated.' 

" The following letter from the venerable Professor Shurt- 
leff, addressed to Rev. John E. Tyler, will give the impressions 
of one associated with Dr. Tyler during his presidency at 
Hanover. 



134 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

"Hanover, N. H., September 22, 1858. 

" Reverend and very dear Friend : Permit me thus 
to address you ; for I can truly say that I regarded you with 
much interest and affection during the whole time of your 
residence here, and I may also add that your venerated pa- 
rents had no friends in Hanover more sincere and ardent than 
Mrs. Shurtleff and myself. 

" When your dear father was appointed president of Dart- 
mouth College, he had been little heard of in New Hamp- 
shire. His first appearance, however, was very prepossessing, 
and his preaching was much admired. His popularity was so 
general in this region, that a gentleman of a neighboring 
town inquired, ' Why, if he is such a man as they say, was he 
not heard of before ? ' To which I replied, if you will allow 
me to quote my own words, that ' the Lord had kept him 
concealed in an obscure parish for a blessing to our college.' 
The impression which his first appearance made was not low- 
ered by further acquaintance. I do not recollect hearing a 
complaint of him from any member of the college. All his 
intercourse with them was tempered with the utmost kind- 
ness, while he was punctual and faithful in every official duty. 
I think he originated the project of raising, by subscription, 
a fund of ten thousand dollars for the aid of indigent students 
seeking an education for the ministry. 

" This object he not only conceived, but completed by his 
own personal efforts. For this, as well as for other services, 
he should be gratefully remembered by the college, by the 
church, and by the public. 

" But the religious influence of Dr. Tyler, while president 
of Dartmouth, will never be forgotten. In the summer of 
1825, the professor of Divinity was arrested by a severe and 
protracted affection of the lungs. The president at once took 
the services of the sanctuary ; and the following spring term 
was rendered memorable by a revival of religion, which is- 
sued in adding to the Lord many students and inhabitants of 
the village. 

" During his residence here we had a class of students in 
their professional studies, who wished to enter the ministry 
earlier than they could by entering a public seminary.. We 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 135 

met with them once in a week, heard their dissertations on 
subjects that had been assigned, and each of us spoke on the 
performances, and on the subjects. The young gentlemen 
were all licensed to preach after about two years, and became 
useful ministers of the gospel. By these exercises, as well as 
by long intimacy, I was convinced that Dr. Tyler had pecu- 
liarly clear and discriminating views of the doctrines of the 
gospel, and an uncommon facility in explaining and defending 
them ; and I have often remarked in years past, that with 
the exception of my friend, Dr. Woods, of Andover, I would 
sooner recommend him to young men as a teacher of Theology 
than any other clergyman in the circle of my acquaintance. 

" With many pleasing reminiscences, I remain your friend 
and brother in the gospel, RosWELL Shurtleff." 

Dr. Asa D. Smith writes thus : 

"New York, December 14, 1858. 
*' Rev. J. E. Tyler, — 

" My dear Sir : You ask for my recollections of your hon- 
ored father, as president of my Alma Mater. I regret that I 
can furnish but little in that relation. He remained at the 
head of the institution some two years only after I was ma- 
triculated. 

" The two lower classes had, of course, much less inter- 
course with him than those more advanced. You could 
doubtless obtain more ample information from those who 
were Seniors under him, and who had more largely the benefit 
of his instruction. Such impressions as I have, however, I 
am happy to give. 

" It was when a member of Kimball Union Academy, in 
preparation for college, if I mistake not, that I first set eyes 
on his commanding form, and listened to the impressive tones 
of his voice. That academy, as you know, is about a dozen 
miles from Hanover. Not long before the graduation of one 
of its classes, he visited the place, and preached on the Sab- 
bath. It is not impossible that his visit had some reference 
to the fact that there were among us so many candidates for 
college life. It was, at all events, well for Dartmouth that he 
came. Judging from the influence on my mind, I cannot 



136 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

doubt that not a few were the more inclined, for what they 
saw of him, to connect themselves with the institution over 
which he presided. 

" It was the year before I entered college, I think, that is, 
in 1825-26, that Dartmouth was blessed with one of the most 
remarkable revivals of religion it has ever enjoyed. Trans- 
formations of character were wrought then which have borne 
the test of decades of years. Some of the finest minds in col- 
lege were brought under the power of the gospel — minds 
that have since shone as bright lights in the world. 

" When I entered the college, I found him dignified, yet 
affable and fatherly in his bearing. His preaching then, as 
we often heard him in the village church, was marked by the 
same simplicity, clearness, and logical force, the same scrip- 
turalness, fullness of doctrine, and evangelical earnestness, 
that characterized his subsequent ministrations. He preached 
not to the fancy, but to the conscience and the heart. He 
confined not himself to hortatory appeals, nor did he, in any 
wise, skim over the surface of things ; but, as both my notes 
and recollections of his college sermons assure me, he was a t 
to handle, and that vigorously, the high topics of theology. 
He gave us not milk alone, but strong meat. Yet have I sel- 
dom known a man so remarkable for making an abstruse sub- 
ject plain to every hearer." 

Rev. George Punch ard, of Boston, and Rev. Nathaniel 
Folsom, D. D., professor in Meadville College, Pa., have fur- 
nished their recollections respecting the revival in Dartmouth 
College, in the year 1826, to which allusion is made by Dr. 
Smith. 

The former says : 

"Boston, February 16, 1859. 
'* Rev. John E. Tyler, — 

" My dear Sir : Your venerable father was president of 
Dartmouth College during my whole collegiate course — from 
1822 to 1826. My earliest recollections of him are those only 
which a thoughtless boy of sixteen would be likely to have of 
a grave and reverend divine, and are of little vaUie. 

" It was not until near the close of my college life that I 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 137 

began really to know him. At that time the college was vis- 
ited by a revival of religion of uncommon power, and my rev- 
erend president suddenly awoke (at least to my view) in an 
entirely new character. • 

" He came to the students with a power and unction which 
were quite irresistible, and manifested a depth of religious 
feeling for us which made us at once love him and admire 
him. He seemed to have found his appropriate sphere of la- 
bor ; to have got into an atmosphere which filled his soul and 
body with life and energy ; to have work to do which was 
congenial, which he loved, and which he knew how to do as 
few men did. He was at once a son of thunder and a son of 
consolation. His discourses, which had always been able and 
instructive, and characterized by simplicity of arrangement 
and neatness and purity of st3de, had now the additional at- 
traction of an animated and energetic delivery. 

" And yet, perhaps, the conference room and the prayer- 
meeting were the places in which, at that time. Dr. Tyler 
specially excelled. He was naturally rather heavy and leth- 
argic in his manner of speaking, and it required a good deal 
to excite and warm him thoroughly. But the scenes and du- 
ties incident to a powerful revival of religion, in which a hun- 
dred or more young men were more or less interested, sup- 
plied the necessary stimulus, and the strong man was fully 
waked up, and in his extemporaneous addresses particularly, 
poured out streams of Christian eloquence which he seldom 
equaled in his more carefully prepared public discourses, and 
which few men whom I have ever heard, could excel or 
equal. 

'* His labors, however, were not confined to the pulpit and 
the conference meeting. He cheerfully and heartily did the 
work of a pastor among the students, going from room to 
room, instructing and exhorting his beloved pupils, and pray- 
ing with them. He was among us, not as the grave and dig- 
nified head of the college, but rather as a loving, anxious 
father, seeking to instruct and save his children ; or, as an 
elder brother, tenderly solicitous for our spiritual welfare. 
He was gentle among us, even as a nurse cherisheth her chil- 
dren. And God, I verily believe, gave him spiritual children 



138 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

from among our number, as the reward of his fidelity ; chil- 
dren who never ceased to love him while he lived, and who 
will cherish his memory with gratitude to their dying 
hours." 

Professor Folsom says : 

" Dartmouth College was fortunate in getting Mr. Tyler to 
stand in the line of its excellent presidents. Each of them 
was different from the rest in special qualifications, in work 
performed, in kind and force of influence exerted ; but each 
did what made his administration an important period in the 
history of the college, and extended its fame and usefulness. 
Dr. Tyler was inferior to none of them in the depth and ex- 
tent to which he affected the character of the students for 
good, and through them, wherever the Divine Providence 
called them to live and labor, promoted the welfare of the 
country ; the enlightenment and moral activity, and power, 
and happiness of the people. 

" His splendid physique, in which he surpassed everybody in 
the region ; his noble stature and well-proportioned form ; his 
head finely poised, and around it a halo of parental benignity, 
its perpetual and unfading crown ; these struck every one at 
first sight, and prepossessed all in his favor. I know of none 
with whom to compare him in these respects except Ezekiel 
Webster. In his whole spirit and mien, in look and word 
and action, he was a father, and his whole administration was 
parental in the best sense of the word. This benignity, as we 
learn from his * Memoir,' marked his subsequent career as 
president of the East Windsor Theological School. His bi- 
ographer, taking notice of the fact that ' the perversities of 
human nature make their appearance in such institutions as 
well as elsewhere,' observes that ' the strong affections of the 
father in him occasionally swayed the firmness of the tutor 
and governor, and rendered him indulgent and yielding in 
cases where there was call for the peremptory and authorita- 
tive.' In the first two years of our college life, from the fall 
of 1824 to the spring of 1826, two or three instances of wrong- 
doing passed unnoticed which perhaps deserved such a mode 
of treatment. There were, moreover, it is to be confessed, 
irregularities and bad practices among students in all the 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 139 

classes at that period, but they were exceptional, so far as my 
knowledge of them extended, and would have required a sys- 
tem of espionage to detect them, or informers from the guilty 
ones themselves. Dartmouth however, at its worst, in that 
period, was not one whit behind any other college in New 
England, in its general tone of morals, in observance of law, 
in habits of study and in scholarly attainments. There were 
not a few whose sense of honor was very high, and as they 
were popular and influential, they in some degree necessarily 
gave tone to others. Nay, surrounded by such an atmosphere 
of benignity — of which every student was more or less con- 
scious, feeling it not only in the presence of the president, but 
also more or less in our connection with every other officer of 
the college without exception — I think there was far less 
tendency to excess, far less of the irritation of inclination 
against prohibition of law ; and assuredly there was never 
apparent a disposition to rebel from hope of impunity through 
the recognized forbearance of, our teachers. 

" In the spring of the year 1826, a higher influence was 
brought to bear, reinforcing and extending the moral element 
throughout the college; recovering not a few from irregular- 
ities of conduct and waste of talent ; awakening the religious 
nature; giving birth to new motives, and leading many to 
noble and useful lives. From that period until our class grad- 
uated in 1828, I cannot recall an act deserving special even 
animadversion, nor remember an instance of a student obnox- 
ious to discipline for indolent or other censurable habits. 
But I remember several young men of exemplary deportment 
and distinguished ability, among them Salmon P. Chase, 
who though not publicly regarded as ' subjects of the work,' 
were greatly affected, their future being largely determined by 
it. They all subsequently exhibited deep moral and religious 
purpose, and were foremost in philanthropic action. With- 
out the preaching of Dr. Tyler as its great instrument, and 
without such a man presiding over it, and guiding it, there 
is no reason to suppose that the revival would have taken 
place, or would have been so extensive and powerful. 

" It is by looking at Dr. Tyler from every point of view that 
we alone can form a just estimate of his qualities. His great- 



140 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

est power was that of preacher, and he was most at home in 
this ojffice. He did not seek it, but it providentially came to 
him in the illness of Professor Shurtleff, the professor of The- 
ology, and he retired from it when in the year 1827, Professor 
George Howe succeeded Professor Shurtleff. He had risen 
in it to the very height of the duty he attempted to discharge, 
and WMS majestic in it. His mode of delivery and gesture 
were beyond criticism, and at times sublime. I never heard 
a student speak of him in this capacity without the highest 
praise ; and his power ended not simply in producing admira- 
tion, but in influencing his hearers to duty. The great object 
aimed at in his preaching was to induce his hearers to be will- 
ing, unconditionally, to do and submit to the revealed Divine 
will. He who succeeds in persuading his fellow-men to faith- 
fully and perseveringly try to do this, does the highest Chris- 
tian work, and most for the benefit of man. No one who has 
sat in the presidential chair of Dartmouth, or of any other 
college, during an equal length of time, has done more in this 
direction than Bennet Tyler." 

The librarian says : 

" In 1819, Isaiah Thomas of Worcester, Massachusetts, 
presented the college library 470 volumes, which were per- 
haps an equivalent for the books recently lost, as Professor 
Haddock makes the statement that there were probably no 
more books in 1820 than in 1815. In 1820 the Trustees ap- 
propriated 'SIOO. The three libraries at this time must have 
numbered not far from 8,000 volumes. In 1826, the ' Social 
Friends ' obtained a Charter, and one was granted to the 
' United Fraternity ' during the following year. These Char- 
ters gave the societies the right to hold property, and transact 
business, and made necessary the consent of a majorit}^ of the 
existing members in order to dispose of the libraries. The 
society libraries had been increasing more rapidly than the 
college library, and at this time they had reached it in size as 
well as exceeded it in practical value and in circulation. It 
is quite noticeable that these three libraries for the twenty- 
five years following were kept so nearly equal, by additions 
and losses, that at no time the number of books actually upon 
their shelves differed by more than a few hundred. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 141 

" The work and influence of the societies was neither small 
nor to be lightly estimated, and in that work the libraries had 
no small share. Professor Crosby, in speaking of the college 
life of the class of 1827, says ; ' The college library was small, 
and had been so collected that it contained few books which 
either the instructors or students wished to read. The cnief 
dependence of the latter was upon the society libraries, in 
which they took much pride, and to the increase of which 
they contributed with so great liberality in proportion to their 
means. During the first years of our course, the library of the 
" United Fraternity " occupied a place in the north entry of 
the college, corresponding to that of the " Social Friends " 
library in the south entry. The libraries were open only on 
Wednesdays and Saturdaj^s from 1 to 2 P. M., for the delivery 
and return of books, and the students at these times gathered 
around the barred entrances to be waited on in turn by the 
librarians and their assistants. The rooms were so small that 
only three or four others were admitted at a time within the 
bar for the examination of the books upon the shelves. The 
opening of the philological room and of a reading-room about 
the same time by the members of the " Fraternity " led to 
the great enlargement of the library rooms, and great increase 
of library advantages, which took place in the latter part of 
our course. The ample rooms were now opened daily, in- 
stead of twice a week, for the delivery and return of books.' 

" The college library is spoken of as, at that time, being 
open once in two weeks, and occupying a narrow room on the 
second floor of the college." 

The marked advance in the course of study and general ad- 
vantages of college life, during this period, are too well known 
to many living readers to require especial notice in this con- 
nection. The leading facts will be developed upon succeeding 
pages. 

The following paragraphs from a member of Dr. Tyler's 
family are worthy of perusal. 

*' My first recollections of importance regarding Dartmouth 
College were my father's great concern for its financial inter- 
ests. There was great need of money at this time for new 
buildings and scientific apparatus, and no one was found will- 



142 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

ing to assume the responsibility of soliciting funds except 
President Tyler, who in his vacations undertook the matter, 
and was eminently successful in the work. When he first 
started upon his mission he called upon the late Hon. Isaac 
Hill, at that time editor of the New Hampshire ' Patriot,' 
which paper had been, as some thought, opposed to the inter- 
ests of the college. This gentleman had attended a Com- 
mencement at Dartmouth, and had an interview with the new 
president, and being pleased, had spoken highly of the college 
and its president in his paper. This emboldened President 
Tyler to ask Mr. Hill to head the list of subscribers to the 
college, and to his surprise he did so, pledging himself for one 
hundred dollars. Mr. Hill's signature was worth many thou- 
sands of dollars to the college. 

" During one of his winter vacations. President Ty lei- 
started with his own horse and sleigh on his mission, going 
through the State of Vermont into New York. He returned 
after six weeks' earnest and arduous labor, having been very 
successful in his mission. 

" Dr. Tyler's invaluable services to the church were con- 
tinued, in various spheres, till his death May 14, 1858, his 
wife, Mrs. Esther (Stone) Tyler, surviving him only one 
week." 




Rev. NATHAN LORD. D. D. 



CHAPTER XV. 

INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT LORD. 

Rby. Nathan Lord, D. D., of Amherst, New Hampshire, 
was elected the sixth president of the college. We insert 
entire his inaugural address, delivered October 29, 1828. 

" The revival of learning, like that of religion, originally 
ejffected through the instrumentality of the press, though long 
hindered by the successive political convulsions and changes 
of the world, is now evidently in the cours'e of rapid advance- 
ment, and is producing a deep and wide impression upon the 
mass of civilized society. It is pervading all classes, and 
affecting all interests. Its influence penetrates every public 
and private institution, and is exciting the best energies of 
the human mind, both to the invention of new methods of in- 
tellectual cultivation and the application of knowledge to the 
practical purposes of life. Fostered by the spirit of freedom, 
which goes before to disenthral the mind from that state of 
servitude in which its powers had been made to minister to 
ignorant and wayward ambition, or still more cramping and 
perverting superstition, it promises to gain an universal 
ascendency, and to render all that influence which had 
been arrayed against it, henceforth subservient only to its 
triumphs. 

" But it is characteristic of the human mind, when set at 
liberty from ancient prejudices, and permitted to range in 
search of expected good, to become extreme in its calculations 
and projects of improvement, and to distract itself amidst the 
variety of its experiments. And more especially when its 
enterprises are favored by the encouragement of wealth, and 
sustained by the indiscriminate approval of the multitude. 
It is then, that overlooking the maxims of sound philosophy, 



144 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

and disregarding the safe lessons of experience, it is beguiled 
into the adoption of untried theories, and wastes its strength 
in the prosecution of plans, which are found at length to 
accord neither with the constitution of our nature nor with 
the approved usages of society. I will not say, that this is a 
great evil in comparison with that state of mental vassalage 
and inaction in which nothing is attempted, nor even con- 
ceived, for the true interests of mankind. For, the mind 
unfettered, will ordinarily be corrected of its mistakes and 
brought back from its wanderings, when truth is the object 
of its aspirations, -and happiness is the prize only of successful 
effort. But we may learn from this infirmity of our nature, 
to be cautious in our estimates of the good before us, and to 
use that moderation in our endeavors which will leave us 
nothing to regret, when their end shall have been attained. 

" It will scarcely be doubted that the impulse which society 
has received, particularly since the commencement of the pass- 
ing century, and which has evidently been connected with 
the growth of freedom in this country, has been attended 
with many of these excesses, and not the least probably in 
the department of education. Numerous adventurers have set 
forth upon this field, with different pretensions indeed, and 
unequal advantages, but all large in their expectations, and 
confident of success. They have seemed to themselves almost 
to realize the ideal good, to annihilate the space between bar- 
barism and refinement, to find in relation to intellectual at- 
tainment what experimental philosophy had sought in vain, 
the mysterious agent which should transmute the baser metals 
into gold. 

" Without denying at all the actual advance of learning, or 
disparaging the improvements which are taking place in the 
arrangements and administration both of public and private 
seminaries, we cannot be so fond (ahsit invidia verbo') as to 
accredit all the inventions of this restless age. We cannot 
suppose that paths so various, which have been struck out in 
the heat of competition, and systems based on principles and 
conducted by methods so frequently differing from each other, 
will all conduce to the purposes for which they are intended, 
except as they may excite more general attention to the inter- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 145 

ests of education, and furnish materials of which wisdom and 
experience shall at length avail themselves, to perfect truer 
and more practicable systems, suited to the intellectual and 
moral nature of man, and to the various relations and inter- 
ests of life. In this view, it is evident that the conduct of 
public literary institutions, at the present time, is attended 
with no trivial embarrassments. That expansion of the pub- 
lic mind and progress of society, which necessarily take place 
in a country favored with advantages of elementary instruction 
and general information, will always be creating just demands 
upon the higher seats of learning, which will task all their 
energies, and bring into requisition all their resources. The 
mass of the community, becoming more enlightened, will call 
for proportionally higher qualifications in those who are sent 
out to preside over the public interests, and their progress in 
influence will produce a yet more powerful reaction. But to 
meet these demands amidst the conflicting sectional interests 
and fluctuations of public feeling, which are usually attendant 
upon a state of freedom, to discriminate rightly between the 
diverse systems of instruction and discipline, which are set 
forth with such frequency and such earnestness of commenda- 
tion ; to keep so near the public sentiment as not to lose the 
confidence of the community, and yet not to follow it so im- 
plicitly as to sacrifice the more desirable good of self-approba- 
tion ; this is a labor which can be estimated by those only 
who have had the trial of sustaining it. Institutions that 
have become venerable by age, powerful in resources and 
patronage, may go forward to introduce, not only accredited 
improvements but doubtful changes; and may bring the 
systems, which either the wise have devised, or the popular 
voice has required, to the test of actual experiment. But 
feebler institutions cannot leave the ground of general princi- 
ples, which, however it may be safer and ultimately more 
subservient to their true interests, cannot always be easily 
ascertained, and frequently fails of being approved amidst 
the varying circumstances, relations, and interests of society. 

" The principle which has generally obtained in regard to the 
colleges of this country, of making them merely introductory 
to a professional education, is one too important in its con- 
10 



146 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

nections and results to be hastily relinquished. The corre- 
spondence which usually exists between the genius of civil 
governments, and the arrangement of literary institutions, has 
been very happily exemplified in our system of schools, rising 
in regular gradation from the primary to the professional, and 
wisely accommodated to the public convenience and necessity. 
This system, whatever defects may have existed in some of 
its practical operations, has been found, on the whole, admira- 
bly suited to the condition of society. Its parts having kept 
their fair proportions, each one performing its peculiar office? 
and all acting and reacting upon each other, it is out of 
question that the results of the whole, in the general diffusion 
of knowledge and elevation of the public character, have been 
salutary to a degree unprecedented in the history of the world ; 
and its general adoption, with modifications according to the' 
different circumstances of society, may be contemplated as 
one of the surest pledges of our national prosperity. Apart 
from the multiplied facilities of instruction, which upon this 
system are afforded at the cheapest rate to all who would 
enjoy the benefits of education, that spirit of fair and honor- 
able competition, which is necessarily excited between so 
many kindred institutions, would seem to insure improve- 
ments proportioned to the means which are afforded them, 
and prove a check upon those abuses which have usually 
attended establishments of more extended influence and less 
responsibility. 

'* But it would seem important to the continued success of 
this system, that its several parts should still be kept distinct 
and subordinate. I will not say that they may not subsist 
harmoniously, and be conducted usefully upon the same 
ground. I will not say that an university, sectional or na- 
tional, that shall, in its separate colleges and halls, prepare 
our youth for the various departments of life, may not con- 
sist with the spirit of our civil governments, and be guarded 
against the evils which have generally attended establish- 
ments so complicate, and of such numerous resort. However 
this may be judged, it will be found, I apprehend, the wisdom 
of our scattered institutions, to preserve their individuality, 
and remain true, as to their general regulations, to the pur- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 147 

pose of their foundation. With respect, particularly, to the 
arrangements of a college, it would seem not less true than in 
regard to the efforts of an individual mind, or the operations 
of a machine, that however numerous and various these 
arrangements may be in detail, the most beneficial results 
cannot be expected without unity of design. Between that 
kind of cultivation and discipline necessary as a foundation 
for professional eminence, and that which is required for suc- 
cess in mercantile, mechanical, or agricultural occupation, 
there is a very natural and obvious distinction. And not 
only is it desirable that they who will be successful mainly 
as they shall be conversant with books, who require to be 
learned men, and they whose concern lies principally in the 
active business of life, in skill or labor, should have in some 
respects a different course of study, but be subjected to the 
influence of different minds, and examples, and rules, and 
scenes, and associations, corresponding to the different rela- 
tions which they will sustain. ' Non omnia possumus omnes,' 
is a proverb applicable both to teachers and to pupils, and 
it would forbid the supposition, that minds which act upon 
others for widely different purposes, should do it always with 
the best effect, or that they who are so acted upon, should 
not sometimes suffer injury from the inadequate or ill appro- 
priated influence that is exerted over them. 

" But the evils of commingling within the walls of col« 
lege, and subjecting to the same general influence, persons or 
classes, requiring a different preparatory training, would not, 
probably, be greater than those which would result from an 
attempt to carry collegial instruction above the simple ground- 
work of the professions, and to accommodate the course of 
study and discipline to the future intended course of life. 
To whatever extent improvement should be carried in the 
preparatory schools, of whatever qualifications young men 
should be possessed, at the usual time of admission to college, 
their term of residence here cannot reasonably be thought too 
long, nor their facilities too ample, for general elementary 
cultivation. It were not the worst of the evil of providing for 
professional education at college, that the time which should 
be devoted to mental preparation would be lost, and young 



148 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

men would go forth into life unfurnished ; but many minds 
uncertain and vacillating soon wearied with the dry elements 
of one department, would presently attempt another and a 
third, and disgusted, at length, with all, would resign them- 
selves to a stupefying indolence, or a consuming licentious- 
ness. The examples of other times, when the learning of 
universities all had respect to the future political and eccle- 
siastical relations of the student, and these institutions became 
little better than panders to allied despotism and superstition, 
may teach us to cultivate our youth in the elements of gen- 
eral knowledge, and impart vigor and force and freeness to 
their minds, in the course of sound fundamental study, before 
they are permitted to engage in any merely professional acqui- 
sitions ; to practice them well on the broad threshold of sci- 
ence, before they are exposed to be blasted or bewildered by 
the premature unfolding of its mysteries. They will then go 
forward, prepared, not merely to acquire the technicalities of 
a profession, but to investigate its essential principles ; to 
avoid those ignes fatui^ which so often, with the appearance 
of truth, mislead and destroy, and draw out from the depths, 
the living form of truth itself ; and thus contribute to the 
destined emancipation of the world from ignorance, and preju- 
dice, and misrule, and the worse influence of false philosophy. 
I would not be extreme ; but when we consider the controlling 
influence of mind of those who are accredited as the teachers 
and guides of other men, and how important that this should 
be an influence of reason, of knowledge, and of truth, and 
how slowly and carefully its foundation requires to be laid in 
the youthful mind, we may well dread to embarrass the pro- 
cess, either by an}^ accidental impressions and associations, or 
by prematurely trusting to its completion. Nor should an 
exception be claimed even in favor of the Christian ministry. 
However desirable that they who contemplate this office should 
be early qualified for the service of God, and of their fellow 
men, yet they may not safely trespass upon college hours, by 
anticipating those higher studies, which await them on other 
grounds. 

" I shall be obliged to trespass further upon the time of this 
assembly, while I glance at a few particulars connected with 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 149 

the attainment of the single end of a collegial education. It 
has been alleged, that the preparatory schools have frequently 
failed in qualifying the mind for successful application to the 
exercises of college. And it has been answered, that college 
has sent out into the schools inadequate instructors. The evil 
which is admitted is probably on both sides, and an obvious 
remedy will be found, in stating and rigidly exacting such 
terms of matriculation as shall at once bring into requisition 
the most thorough preparatory instruction, and provide that 
such instruction may always be obtained. 

'' It is evident that, other things being equal, those who, by 
reason of superior early advantages, are prepared to enter 
upon the prescribed exercises of college with more readiness 
and effect than others, will ordinarily prosecute and finish 
their course with proportionably higher reputation. Indeed, 
to the want of a thorough initiation into the rudiments of 
learning may be traced much of that indolence and fickleness 
and easy yielding to temptation, by which the mind, untaught 
in the labor of successful occupation, and discouraged by the 
failure of its imprudent efforts, is presently paralyzed, and 
lost to every honorable and useful purpose. If then it may 
be provided that early instruction shall be more adequate, and 
the mind of the student shall be prepared to enter with readi- 
ness and effect upon the studies of college, we shall inspire 
him with that confidence in his own ability and endeavors 
which is one of the strongest inducements to exertion, and 
shall insure a degree of improvement limited only by his 
capacity and application. It may be true, that some of our 
colleges, by reason of the temptations of poverty, and the 
zeal of competition, accommodating themselves to the con- 
venience of youth, have not increased in their demands in 
proportion to the advances which have been already made 
in elementary instruction. Such have doubtless mistaken 
their true interests. It is believed, that those institutions 
which shall lead in exacting the most extensive and thorough 
preparation, will have a distinction and a patronage propor- 
tioned to the benefits which they shall thus render to society. 

" It is of equal importance, that our colleges should be fur- 
nished with the materials of study. It was a significant 



150 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

maxim, I think of Juvenal, that it is a great part of learning 
to know where learning may be found. For, after ascertain- 
ing the place of treasure, it is usual to feel the kindling desire 
of acquisition, and the mind at once receives a corresponding 
impulse to exertion. The man who has wasted his best days 
in mental inaction, may feel himself so humbled amidst the 
productions of genius and learning, which have not instructed 
him, and instruments, of which he knows not the use, and 
specimens and models whose properties and beauties he cannot 
distinguish, that he will wish rather to retreat and forget his 
poverty, in the gratifications of inferior appetite. But, on 
these same scenes, the fires of youthful unprostituted ambition 
glow' with a new intensity, and the mind, here waking to the 
consciousness of its own energies, aspires to the elevation and 
dignity for which it is designed. The well stored library and 
philosophical room and cabinet, create an atmosphere, in 
which it acts with an unwonted freedom and force, and 
strengthens itself for the high and laborious service to which 
it is devoted. 

'' But, apart from the influence of such scenes and their 
associations, there are more palpable reasons, which especially 
at this day, call for a great increase of books and apparatus 
in our literary institutions. 

" The time has been, when a few worn out text books, de- 
scending from one generation of students to another, were 
thought sufficient for the purposes of a liberal education. 
But, in that wider range of investigation, to which the mind 
is now directed, in all departments of study, every source of 
information requires to be laid open. It is not the lesson 
from a single author, that is alone sufficient to be committed, 
but the subject^ of which possibly a score have treated, that 
requires to be examined and understood. And neither can 
the teacher nor the student feel himself adequate to the ser- 
vices before him while any valuable authority, on the broad 
field of his inquiries, is not accessible, or any means of illus- 
tration are un attempted. But these facilities are clearly be- 
yond the resources of individuals, and however voluntary 
associations of students may, to some extent, compensate for 
private inability, there is a point beyond which public senti- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 161 

ment declares this to be a burden ; and it demands that the 
institutions themselves, which proffer the benefits of education, 
should supply the means by which this end is to be attained. 
The question between different places of education, is coming 
to be decided, more frequently, by reference to the compara- 
tive advantages which they afford in this respect ; and, how- 
ever it may be necessary that a college should hold out some 
show of other accommodation, yet neither the convenience of 
its situation, nor the splendor of its edifices, nor the number 
and variety of its departments and instructors, will be held in 
estimation, without corresponding advantages for an extended 
course of study. 

*' In regard to a course of study, it were almost adventurous 
for one without the advantages of experience on this subject, 
to remark beyond what is already obvious, that it should be 
simply accommodated to the most perfect discipline and in- 
struction of the mind. And yet, perhaps, it were more pre- 
sumptuous to suppose, that improvement in this respect has 
already reached its limits. The changes which have taken 
place, and are still occurring in the methods of instruction, at 
the preparatory schools, may be hoped so far to hasten the 
development and strengthening of the intellectual powers as 
that the student may come, at an earlier period of his college 
course, to that class of studies which call more immediately 
for the use of reason, and give it direction in its inquiries after 
truth. The impulse which the mind receives from an ac- 
quaintance with its own powers, and their application to some 
branches of intellectual philosophy, is a matter of general 
experience. Every one recollects the pleasure of his first ac- 
quisitions in this department of study, ^nd the ardor with which 
he thenceforth aspired to higher attainments. He breathed 
a free air, he went forward with a new confidence, and his 
application to all the duties before him became more easy 
and more successful. If, then, we might, almost on the thresh- 
old of a public education, habituate the mind to itself, and aid 
it in some of the more simple essays of its own powers, it 
would seem, that we should prepare it for the readier percep- 
tion of classic beauties, and for mastering more effectually the 
elements of mathematical, political, and moral science. Study 



152 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

in every department ceases to be a mechanical process, when 
the mind is thus accustomed, and then we have assurance that 
study will be a pleasure, and that what becomes a pleasure 
will be gain and glory. 

" If it were asked, whether any branch of college study 
might be spared, few, probably, would be ready to afl&rm. 
However, in the zeal of innovation, the utility of classical 
learning has been decried, it is not probable that the name of 
scholar will ever be awarded to one who has not loved to spend 
his days and nights upon the pages of antiquity, nor drunk deep 
from these original sources of taste, and genius, and philoso- 
phy. We believe it has rarely, if ever happened, that one has 
attained to a symmetry and finished excellency of character, 
in the varieties of any one department of learning, who has not, 
at least in the early stages of education, received inspiration 
from the oratory and poetry of other times, when language 
was an index to the passions and emotions of the soul, and 
conveyed, not the names only, but the properties of things, 
the qualities of mind. The very vigor of thought and power 
of eloquence with which many, with a parricidal spirit, have 
assailed the literature of antiquity, were borrowed from its 
stores ; and should their schemes of reform prevail we might 
fear that other generations, inheriting only their prejudices, 
without their refinement, would degenerate into comparative 
barbarism, and with that of learning, that the light also of 
religion would be extinguished. It is the worst of this spirit 
that it would seal up the treasures of heavenly wisdom, and 
take away the armor in which we trust for assailing the ene- 
mies of God. And however it may be with other interests, 
we will hope that in this respect, as well as ordinarily in all 
others, the pulpit will prove a defence of the true interests of 
man. But, it may be questioned whether, if the field of labor 
were narrowed, and instead of gleaning as is usually done, 
from many writers, the student should be more thorough in 
his application to a few of the most approved, the end of this 
branch of study would not be as fully answered, and oppor- 
tunity be afforded for greater acquisitions in the literature of 
modern times. It has been said, particularly in regard to our 
own language and country, that the style of writing, of con- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 153 

versation, and of public speaking, among educated men, gen- 
erally fails of that accuracy, propriety, and refinement which 
might reasonably be expected from their course of preparatory 
and professional study. The college is undoubtedly the place 
where the evil, if it be admitted to exist, should be corrected. 
And its correction would be found in the greater progress of 
the student, beyond the task of composition, to the examina- 
tion of the most approved vernacular writings. It is not so 
much by his own imperfect attempts as by familiarity with 
the nature and finished productions of other minds, that he 
may expect to facilitate his conceptions, to extend the circle 
of his thoughts, to correct his judgment and his taste, and 
thus increase the readiness, propriety, and effect of his future 
efforts. A course of thorough reading and comparison of 
accredited authors, in connection with occasional researches 
into the history of English literature and essays at higher 
criticism, will probably do more towards the accomplishment 
of polite scholarship than all the principles of grammar and 
rhetoric, however perfectly understood, without opportunity 
for such an application. 

" The actual instruction of college, and its general economy 
and administration, are subjects, doubtless, of yet higher con- 
sideration. But, in view of the recent measures of the Trus- 
tees of this institution, to advance its interests in these partic- 
ulars, remarks in this place, and on this occasion, might be 
judged unseasonable. I shall be permitted, however, just 
to allude to these measures, as an evidence of the deep solici- 
tude with which the institution is cherished by its constituted 
guardians, and as a pledge, that in all things which relate to 
its modes of government, discipline, and instruction, they will 
not be backward to provide that it shall answer the great 
purposes of its foundation. And in view of the success which 
already appears to have attended the application of these 
measures, through the zeal of the Faculty of the college, and 
the commendable spirit of the students, the hope may well be 
encouraged, that this venerable seat of learning, which has 
been the care of Almighty God, will not fail of His blessing, 
nor want the confidence, affection, and patronage of an intelli- 
gent community. 



154 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" But, what is more necessary than any other means and 
advantages, and without which the growth of any literary 
institution were to be deprecated as one of the greatest of 
evils, is the pervading influence of moral and religious princi- 
ple. The moral dangers of a college life have probably been 
sometimes enhanced in the representation. When the ar- 
rangement of duties is such as to require of the student as 
much use of time, and a habit of application as constant and 
persevering, as are ordinarily expected in the employments 
of active life, he would seem, so far, in respect to his principles 
and his habits, to have an advantage over others, inasmuch as 
intellectual labor is, in itself, better suited to refine and elevate 
the affections, and removes one farther from the scenes and 
objects of temptation. If we add to this, that the student is 
usually under a more uniform superintendence, and comes 
more frequently and habitually under the influence of moral 
precept and religious observances, and that the fact of his 
supposed dangers makes him more a subject of parental 
solicitude and counsel and prayer, his advantage is still 
proportionably increased. And in respect to those institu- 
tions where these benefits are in the highest degree enjoined, 
it is believed that the amount of injury to the youth who fre- 
quent them is less than that which is suffered by any equal 
number, in any other sphere of occupation. 

" It must, nevertheless, be admitted, that there are dangers 
to the student in some respects peculiar, affecting deeply the 
principles of action, and which require a greater care to be 
prevented, because of the influence which he is destined to 
exert in future life. The very cultivation of mind has fre- 
quently a tendency to impair the moral sensibilities, to induce 
that pride of conscious ability and variety of attainments, 
which, as they are most of all affections offensive to God, so 
they become, surely, though insensibly, most pernicious in 
their influence upon the individuals themselves who cherish 
them, and contribute to poison those streams which ought only 
to carry abroad health and blessing to the world. That spirit 
of emulation, also, which is naturally excited among so many 
aspirants for an honorable distinction, too often leads, on the 
one hand, in those who excel, to an overweening selfishness 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 155 

and an insatiable ambition, which, in the course of life, sacri- 
fice all principle and the highest interests of society to private 
gratification ; and, on the other, in those whose hopes are dis- 
appointed, to a destroying negligence and sensuality. Nor is 
it to be denied, that the unsanctified literature of antiquity, 
and many of the productions of our own times, which have 
the greatest power of attraction over the minds of youth, can- 
not be assiduously cultivated without danger of corrupting 
the moral sentiments, and ministering strength to the wrong 
affections of the mind. Against these evils, and others, more 
immediately pernicious, which are incident to numerous asso- 
ciations of youth, a moral influence, pure, constraining and 
habitual, requires to be exerted. It is now more than ever 
demanded, and the fact is most creditable to the spirit of the 
times, that a literary institution should be a safe resort, and 
no other advantages will, in the common estimation, compen- 
sate for defect and failure in this particular. The relations 
which every individual student sustains to God and to eternity, 
call imperiously and aloud, that the great principles of moral 
obligation, the everlasting distinctions between right and 
wrong, the methods of the Divine administration, and the 
solemnities of eternal retribution, should be kept before him, 
in all their significancy, and enforced by the constraining 
motives of the gospel of Jesus Christ, without which all sec- 
ondary authority and influence will be comparatively vain. 
The relations also of the whole body of students to their 
country and the world demand, and the admonition is sounded 
out from every corner of our land, from the city, and the field, 
and even from the desert, that here should be laid the founda- 
tion of those virtuous habits, of that reverence for God, and 
practical regard for His ordinances, without which the in- 
fluence of our educated men will gradually undermine the fair 
fabric of our national freedom, and the ruins of our country 
will be heaped up for an everlasting memorial, that neither 
liberty, nor learning, nor wealjbh, nor arts, nor arms, can stay 
the decline of that people among whom the redeeming spirit 
of Christianity has no permanent abode. I know, indeed, that 
college is no place for infusing or fostering sectarian preju- 
dices, nor for preferring the weapons of sectarian warfare. 



156 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

No spirit of party should walk abroad on this common ground. 
No distinctive privileges of a denomination should here be 
ever claimed or allowed. But, as none are exempted from 
their obligations to God, and none are safe without His bless- 
ing, it is most evident that this should be the first and last 
of our labor with those who are themselves immortal, and 
whose influence is so connected with the highest interests 
of their fellow men, to encourage a spirit of inwrought piety, 
and instill the lessons of practical obedience. That is the 
noblest of all efforts which has respect to the preparation of 
mind for the service of its Creator among its kindred intelli- 
gences, and for the joys of an immortal life. And that will 
be a glorious consummation (may it be ours to hasten it) 
when the destined alliance between religion and learning shall 
be perfected, and their united influence shall be employed, 
and shall prevail, to raise a world from ignorance and sin 
and wretchedness, to the dignity and the privilege of the sons 
of God. And let us hope, both in regard to this college, 
whose interests we now cherish, and all other kindred institu- 
tions, that amidst the changes of society by which they are 
occasionally affected, and the adversities by which they are 
depressed, we shall see the vindication of that rule of Provi- 
dence by which good is always educed from evil. Let us be- 
lieve that those prejudices and mistakes and errors and 
abuses, which are wont, in undisturbed prosperity, to become 
inveterate, shall be done away ; that those improvements 
which may be expected to flow from the influence of free gov- 
ernments and a free Christianity shall prevail, and shall con- 
tribute to make the reign of liberty and knowledge and 
truth not only universal in extent, but perpetual in dura- 
tion." 



CHAPTER XVI. 

THE POLICY OF THE COLLEGE, ITS PROGRESS, AND ENLARGE- 
MENT UNDER PRESIDENT LORD'S ADMINISTRATION, FROM 
1828 TO 1863. 

President Lord's official course was marked by a judi- 
cious conservatism. 

In nothing was this more conspicuous than in his treatment 
of the matter of " college honors." Near the close of his ad- 
ministration, the occasion requiring, he published a statement, 
in which we find the following language : 

" It will be recollected that about a quarter of a century 
ago there arose a simultaneous questioning among the students 
at most of the New England colleges, in regard to college ap- 
pointments in general. It was a spontaneous movement of 
the young men, consequent upon an unusual religious awaken- 
ing among them, and seemed a common reaction of conscience 
against a common injurious custom. The students of this 
college were excited more than others. At least, they were 
more demonstrative. By memorial, they unanimously re- 
quested the Trustees to abolish the existing system. 

'' The Trustees gave great attention to the request. Hav- 
ing ascertained that the Faculty would readily try the experi- 
ment of a change, although but two of them were convinced 
of its utility, they set aside the existing system of exhibitions, 
prizes, assignments, etc., and ordained the present system, 
which fully and consistently excludes the principle of the old. 
This action of the Trustees was thorough, consistent, and 
decisive, and was far in advance of what had taken place in 
any other institution. It gave great content to the students. 
It was followed by many tokens of public approbation. The 
Faculty at once found their administration relieved, simplified, 
and greatly facilitated in general. The college rapidly at- 



158 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

tained to a degree of patronage and prosperity unprecedented 
in its history. 

" After a few years, a severe outside pressure produced a 
degree of anxiety in regard to the prudence, if not the princi- 
ple, of the change. Some distinguished alumni of the college, 
and other gentlemen, remonstrated against it as an innovation 
not soundly moral and conservative, but radical and disorgan- 
izing. They feared that the college would lose its tone and 
dignity among learned institutions. The Trustees, though not 
convinced, were stirred, and again asked the judgment of the 
Faculty. 

" The Faculty replied, that, although they had not, as a 
body, recommended the adoption of the new system, they had 
given it, as duty required, a fair experiment, and were con- 
strained to say, that it had turned out better than their 
expectations. Notwithstanding some inconvenience, it had 
obviated serious evils, had secured unquestionable benefits, 
and had given a decided impulse to the college. They were 
not prepared to advise its discontinuance. Whereupon the 
Trustees resolved to adhere. 

"Yet, after another short term of years, changes having 
occurred both in the Trustees and Faculty, and the outside 
pressure still continuing, the subject again came under the 
discussion of the Board. In that instance it was formally 
proposed by a majority of the Faculty. Some new members 
had been added to that body, who had had no experience, as 
college officers, of the old system. Others had left it, and 
some had seen reasons to change their opinions. A large 
majority requested that the old regime^ or something analogous 
to it, should be restored. 

" The minority confidently protested. They had had ex- 
perience on both sides, and were satisfied that the new system 
had greatly the advantage of the old, both in respect to prin- 
ciple and practical results. 

" The Trustees gave the subject their attentive considera- 
tion, canvassed conflicting reasons, and still adhered. They 
enjoined it upon the Faculty to abide by the new system, and 
to keep its principle inviolate in the college discipline. 

" Since that time the question has been at rest. Whatever 



DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 159 

differences of opinion may have existed in the Board or in the 
Faculty, they have not interfered with the regular and faith- 
ful administration of affairs upon the prescribed basis. The 
college has not suffered. It has not ceased to flourish, in re- 
spect to sound instruction, easy and effective discipline, a 
righteous order, thorough scholarship, a liberal patronage, and 
an honorable position. It is believed to be not behind any 
of its sister colleges in the proper characteristics of a learned 
institution, even though measured not by its best, but its 
average scholarship, as determined by lot, in the exercises of 
the Commencement. Its order has become so well settled 
and understood in this respect, that any reversal of it, princi- 
ple apart, might be attended with inconveniences and hazards 
more than sufficient to counterbalance any supposed possible 
or probable advantages. 

" But it is eminently due to the learned Memorialists 
[Alumni], and to other friends and patrons of the college, to 
explain more. fully the theory on which the Trustees have 
acted, and which applies equally to the questions now in 
hand. Wherefore your Committee go on to observe, as first 
principles : 

*' 1. That a college is a public institution, designed and in- 
corporated to qualify young men for leaders of the Church and 
the State. 

" 2. That the requisite qualifications for such leadership are 
knowledge, wisdom, and virtue. Accidental accomplishments 
are important in giving prominence and effect to more sub- 
stantial qualities ; but these are fundamental and indispensa- 
ble. Without them the public interests, so far as connected 
with college, have no security. 

"3. That these qualifications are valueless in separation 
from each other ; and are then likely to be injurious in pro- 
portion to the degree of culture. Knowledge without wisdom 
is insane and mischievous ; and both without virtue serve but 
to give greater energy and efficiency to those naturally de- 
structive elements which are common both to individuals and 
society. Virtue alone, if it could be supposed to exist without 
knowledge and wisdom, would be but an idea, or an emotion, 
and practically futile. 



160 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" 4. That the organization and discipline of a college con- 
stitute what we denominate its order ; and the highest re- 
sponsibility rests on its appointed guardians, to perfect and 
preserve this necessary order agreeably to the highest stand- 
ards that are known among men. 

" 5. That the ultimate standard, binding on all Christian 
educators, is the Scripture ; and their ultimate responsibility 
is to God. Great latitude is given them^by the State ; and they 
are not held accountable to the civil authorities, in the widest 
exercise of their discretion, while they infringe not upon the 
civil statutes. The State leaves them to their own opinions 
and policy, within the terms of their chartered privileges and 
the laws in general. The Church has no control over them 
whatever but in respect to patronage, when they are consti- 
tuted as mere civil corporations ; and it may not interfere 
with them but as individual men ; nor then, if they happen 
to sustain no individual and personal relations to it. But the 
State and the Church are equally ordained of God ; and all 
educators are responsible to Him that the comprehensive 
order of their institutions shall be in agreement with the prin- 
ciples of His Word, and thereby subservient to the public good. 

" 6. That the order of a college is, first, mechanical, in 
respect to its forms, arrangements, and observances ; and, 
secondly, moral, in respect to principle. 

" 7. That college mechanism in general should have respect 
to the most perfect development of the powers of students, 
and be carried on with great exactness and fidelity ; that any 
want of symmetry, proportion, finish, balance, and executive 
ability, or frequent experimenting and change to meet inter- 
nal difficulties, or the humors and caprices of society, must 
tend to failure and dishonor. But that no mechanism, how- 
ever organically perfect or judiciously administered, that does 
not embody a righteous moral principle, or that cannot be 
operated in consistency with it, can be otherwise than inju- 
rious in its ultimate results. 

" Whereupon your Committee propose, that a system of 
scholarships and prizes, as such systems have usually obtained, 
cannot be introduced into college mechanism, or be carried on, 
consistently with righteous principle, and favorably to virtue 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 161 

in young men, or to true knowledge and wisdom, so far as 
these presuppose virtue, and depend upon it." 

In regard to the views here set forth, it is proper to remark, 
that reasoning which had much force, a score of years since, 
would possibly have less at the present time. 

In regard to this period the librarian says : 

" In 1830, the three libraries must have numbered in vol- 
umes between 12,000 and 13,000, with slight difference in 
numbers, the college library being the largest, and the 
United Fraternity's the smallest. The first library catalogue 
of tlie latter society was printed previous to 1840, and con- 
tained the titles of 4,900 volumes. 

" In 1840, the libraries obtained better accommodations by 
the erection of Reed Hall, which was so far completed that the 
books were shelved just before the Commencement. They 
were given the second floor of the building, an amount of 
space which then seemed to give ample room for additions, as 
the three libraries together numbered only 15,000 volumes. 
The college library occupied the east half of the floor, while 
the west side was divided between the two society libraries. 
The books were first shelved against the wall, then alcoves 
and cases were added as long as space remained, while for 
several years previous to the present time the least valuable 
books have been removed to make space for additions. 

" In the college library, borrowers have generally been ex- 
cluded from the rooms in which books are kept, while the 
reverse has been true in the society libraries. 

" In June, 1841, the professors of the college with the 
assistance of some of the gentlemen of the vicinity formed a 
society since known as the ' Northern Academy.' This society, 
which was afterwards chartered and has been continued in 
different forms until the present time, early began the forma- 
tion of a library. While many old books have been collected, 
its principal value lies in pamphlets and files of newspapers, 
some of which covering a number of years extend back beyond 
the Revolution. This collection, now swelled to several thou- 
sand, has always been in connection with the college library, 
although for several years a want of shelf room and a greater 
want of funds to place it in usable condition, have made it of 
11 



162 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

little practical value. In 1850, the three libraries having 
changed little comparatively, numbered 19,000 volumes. 
The ' Northern Academy,' exclusive of the unbound, had 
over 1,000 volumes, thus making fully 20,000 volumes ac- 
cessible. A distinction must be made between the figures 
given under the different dates (which indicate the number 
that were actually in the libraries), and the number accord- 
ing to catalogues. The latter were made by adding to former 
lists the books received during different years, when in fact 
the additions during some of these years did not more than 
make good the losses. It frequently happened that ten per 
cent, of the catalogued number could not be accounted for. 
While the society libraries have continued with nearly the 
same annual additions — an average actual yearly increase of 
over a hundred volumes, — the great growth of the college 
library has taken place since 1850. Since that year have 
been received the donations of books for the different depart- 
ments of instruction and the funds upon which the constant 
growth of the library depends. Of these funds the first had 
its origin in 1846, when Edmund Parker of Nashua, Isaac 
Parker of Boston, and Joel Parker of Keene, gave $1,000. 
This was subsequently increased by the latter to $7,000, and 
in his will (which founded the Law School), provisions were 
made, that will, when available, place this fund at $20,000. 
In 1852, Dr. George C. Shattuck, whose name is associated 
with the Observatory, gave $1,000 for the department of 
Mathematics as applied to Mechanics and Astronomy. To 
this during the same year he added $200 for Natural Philoso- 
phy and Astronomy, and $800 for the Latin language and 
Literature. At the same time Dr. Roswell Shurtleff, Emeri- 
tus Professor, gave $1,000 for better providing with books 
the departments of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy and 
Political Economy. These three donations were intended 
principally for the use of instructors, and were accompanied 
with restrictions from general circulation. In 1859, by the 
will of Dr. Henry Bond of Philadelphia, several hundred vol- 
umes were received, and provisions were made for a library 
fund which when avaihible will be about $11,000. The late 
Hon. Samuel Appleton established in 1845, a fund which was 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 163 

increased in 1854, and is known as tlie Appleton Fund. The 
income of this has been partially applied to the purchase of 
books relating to Natural Philosophy." 

" The Press " in Hanover is worthy of notice in this con- 
nection. We quote from a published address by Professor 
Sanborn : 

" No man lives in Hanover to-day, who can tell when any 
newspaper was first printed in the town, or when it ceased to 
be printed. Even the papers themselves have perished. 
Here and there, a stray number, or possibly a bound volume, 
may be found among the useless himber of an attic. There 
was a press in Hanover, before the close of the last century. 
It is reported that a newspaper was published there prior to 
the year 1799. I have been unable to find a copy of it. In 
1799, Mr. Webster delivered a Fourth-of-July oration before 
the citizens of Hanover, which was published in that town. 
A eulogy, by the same orator, on a deceased classmate, was 
also published the next year. Moses Davis, a citizen of the 
place, began the publication of the * Dartmouth Gazette,' 
August 27, 1799. How long he continued to edit and publish 
the paper, I cannot certainly ascertain. A paper bearing that 
name was published for at least twenty years. I have a num- 
ber of the ' Dartmouth Gazette ' dated June 23, 1819, being 
No. XLiii., vol. 19. The whole number to this date of the 
paper, in this form, is 1025. It was then printed and pub- 
lished by Charles Spear. It would seem, therefore, that the 
paper which originated with Moses Davis, lived for more than 
twenty years. It was a valuable paper, containing a careful 
summary of foreign news, sometimes long orations of English 
statesmen, and an accurate record of local events. The orig- 
inal pieces were quite numerous, written by occasional con- 
tributors, many of them students of the college. The edito- 
rials were brief ; in fact, a majority of the early numbers 
contain no words which appear as editorial. The political 
articles were decidedly favorable to the Federal party, but 
moderate in tone. During the first three years of the exist- 
ence of this paper, Daniel Webster, then a student, was a 
frequent contributor ; he wrote both prose and poetry, more 
frequently the latter. The topics were trite, but the thoughts 



164 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

were al\va3^s serious and elevated. In the issue of December 
9, 1799, Mr. Webster published a poem on winter ; he was 
then a Junior in college. The European wars commanded 
bis attention and saddened his reflections. 

" Mr. Webster continued to write for the paper after leav- 
ing college. In liis published correspondence, there is a letter 
from the editor importuning him to write the ' Newsboy's 
Message ' for January, 1803. He says : ' I want a genuinely 
Federal address, and you are the very person to write it. 
And this solicitation, sir, is not from me alone — some of our 
most respectable characters join in the request.' 

*' The ' Dartmouth Gazette ' was the champion of the col- 
lege during the entire period of its controversy with the State. 
Many of the ablest articles written in defence of the college, 
appeared in its columns. I regret that I cannot give the en- 
tire history of this useful paper ; it did a good work in its day, 
and we may now say literally, ' peace to its ashes.' 

'* During a portion of the existence of the ' Dartmouth Ga- 
zette,' while it was edited by Charles Spear, another paper was 
printed by Moses Davis, called ' The Literary Tablet,' pur- 
porting to be edited by Nicholas Orlando. Whether this is a 
nomine de plume or a real name, I cannot determine. Three 
volumes are known to have been published. It lived for three 
years at least. The third volume dates from August, 1805, 
to August, 1806. It was a folio of four pages, three columns 
to a page, of about fourteen inches by twelve in size. It was 
printed every other Wednesday for the editor. 

" A new paper appeared in Hanover, June, 1820. The 
prospectus was as follows : 

" ' A new weekly paper in Hanover, N. H., to be entitled 
the " Dartmouth Herald." The " Dartmouth Gazette " hav- 
ing been discontinued, the subscribers, at the solicitation of a 
number of literary gentlemen, propose to publish a paper un- 
der the above title. Besides advertisements, the '* Herald " 
will embrace accounts of our National and State Legislatures, 
and the most interesting articles of news, foreign and domes- 
tic ; notices of improvements in the arts and sciences, espe- 
cially agriculture and the mechanical arts most practiced in 
our own country ; and essays, original and selected, upon the 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 165 

mechanical and liberal Arts, Literature, Politics, Morals and 
Religion. 

" ' The original articles will be furnished by a society of 
gentlemen ; and it is confidently expected will not be un- 
worthy of the interesting subjects, to which a considerable 
space will be allotted in this paper. 

" ' Bannister & Thurston. 

'' ' Hanover, April 7, 1820.* 

" It was a small folio of four pages, twenty by twelve inches 
in size. It was well filled with news and original contribu- 
tions. Its life was brief. Unfortunately, no record was made 
either on the printed page or the faithful memory, of the date 
of its decease, so far as- 1 can learn. 

'* For several years no periodical was published in Hanover. 
' The Magnet,' an octavo of sixteen pages, edited by students 
and published b}^ Thomas Mann, appeared in 1835. The 
first number bears date October 21, 1835. There seems to 
have been a rival paper contemporary with this, called ' The 
Independent Chronicle.' In the November number of the 
' Magnet,' we find this allusion to it : ' The second number of 
the " Independent Chronicle " is below criticism.' In the 
December number, the ' Magnet ' chronicles the demise of its 
despised rival, with evident satisfaction. In 1837, another 
student's periodical appeared, called ' The Scrap Book.' 1 
am unable to write its history ; it was probably of brief dura- 
tion. In 1839, the students of Dartmouth College originated 
a literary periodical called ' The Dartmouth.' It was pub- 
lished, I think, for five years. The editors were chosen from 
the undergraduates by the Senior class. Among the editors 
of 1840-41, were J. E. Hood and James O. Adams, both of 
whom have since gained honorable distinction in a wider field 
of editorial labor. A few months ago, I received as a present 
from B. P. Shillaber, the witty and genial author of the ' Life 
and Sayings of Mrs. Partington,' and other humorous works, 
a volume of "-The Dartmouth,' which he received from Mr. 
Hood. It was handsomely bound, and labelled ' Brains ' on 
the back. Mr. Shillaber says of it in a letter, dated July 4, 
1872, ' I find that the volume comprises but a half year end- 



166 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

ing with Hood's editorship and graduation. It nevertheless 
will prove interesting ; and it gives me pleasure to present it, 
with a delightful memory of Dartmouth to commend the trifle. 
I thought it might gratify you personally, as several of your 
effusions are contained in it. Poor Hood has crossed the dark" 
stream : he died in Colorado last winter. He held you in en- 
during regard. The title is a boyish suggestion ; but there is 
more evidence of " trains " in it than is to be found in many 
far more pretentious publications.' 

^' These remarks will apply with equal justice to the entire 
ten volumes of ' The Dartmouth.' It was highly creditable 
to the students who originated and sustained it. ' The Dart- 
mouth ' was printed by Mr. E. A. Allen, who during the con- 
tinuance of this periodical made several other ventures in the 
newspaper line. Sometime during the year 1840 or 1841, he 
started a paper called ' The Experiment,' which was edited 
by James O. Adams, then a student in college. This paper 
was subsequently issued in quarto form and called ' The 
Amulet.' 

" In 1841, a periodical called the ' Iris and Record ' was 
issued in Hanover. It was published monthly, in numbers 
of thirty-two royal octavo pages, making two volumes each 
year. It was edited by ' an association of gentlemen,' and 
filled with well selected and original literary articles. It 
must have had a considerable circulation, if we may credit the 
assertion of the editor of No. IL, vol. 3, who says : ' We 
doubt not there are hundreds of persons, whose names are on 
our subscription list, who might every month contribute a 
short article upon some interesting subject.' The ' Iris' was 
also printed by E. A. Allen. 

" During the same year an anti-slavery paper was published 
in Hanover, called ' The People's Advocate,' by St. Clair and 
Briggs. In July, 1843, J. E. Hood became its editor, and 
continued to publish it for more than a year, when it was re- 
moved to Concord. ' The Advocate ' was a spirited paper ; 
and the editor, then a youth, showed himself an able, fearless, 
and uncompromising foe of slavery, at a time when it required 
great moral courage and liberal sacrifices of time, talent, and 
labor, to advocate the principles of the Free Soil Party. In 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 167 

February, 1844, Mr. Hood established a paper in Hanover, 
called the ' Family Visitor,' in which he advocated the various 
reforms of the day ; and published a variety of original and 
selected articles in prose and poetry, for the profit and amuse- 
ment of his patrons. On looking over some of the back num- 
bers, I find the contents as lively, piquant, and interesting, as 
the best journals of to-day. Mr. Hood was born an editor, 
and to the day of his death he performed well his part ; and 
when his Master bade him ' go up higher,' he left few peers 
behind him in his chosen vocation." 

Rev. H. A. Hazen, a reliable authority on any historical 
point, states that there was a printing-press at Dresden, 
(which included the " College District," in Hanover, and a 
part of Lebanon), as early as 1777. Mr. Abel Curtis' Gram- 
mar was printed there by J. P. and A. Spooner, in 1779. 
Other works, still extant, were printed by them at about the 
same period. 

In tracing the progress of the college during President 
Lord's administration, we cannot more fitly conclude, than by 
adopting the language of Mr. William H. Duncan, who in a 
valuable tribute to his worth and his memory, says : 

" It was the proud boast of Augustus, that he found Rome 
of brick and left it of marble. Might not President Lord, at 
the time of his resignation, have said without a shadow of 
boasting, I found the college, what its great counsel called it 
in that most touching and pathetic close of his great argument 
in the College Case before the Supreme Court at Washington : 
I found it truly ' a small college ' ; it was in an humble 
condition ; its classes were small ; its finances embarrassed ; 
its buildings in a dilapidated and ruinous condition. I left it 
one of the leading institutions of the land ! " 

Fuller details on these points will be gathered from subse- 
quent chapters. 

1 "The Dartmouth" having been revived in 1867, is now issued as a Weekly 
Magazine. 



CHAPTER XVII. 

CHARACTER OF PRESIDENT LORD. 

The period of President Tyler's resignation was a most 
critical one in the history of the college. 

Its eminent founder passed away in the midst of the Revo- 
lutionary struggle, leaving the frail bark, in which were cen- 
tered fond and long-cherished hopes, tossing upon uncertain 
and dangerous waters. A fearful storm was raging when his 
immediate successor put off the robes of office, and a little 
later went *' to give account of his stewardship." Thirteen 
years had scarcely been sufficient fully to restore to a healthy 
condition the discipline of the college, which had been ma- 
terially weakened by the lack of harmony between the second 
president and his associates in office. 

Material aid was needed also to provide better accommoda- 
tions for the students. 

In common with other colleges, Dartmouth needed most of ^ 
all, in those trying times, a president " rooted and grounded " 
in the truth. 

The multiplication of colleges rendered it especially desira- 
ble, at this period, that this college should have a man at its 
head well fitted and furnished for his work. In the little 
more than half a century of its existence, the number of New 
England colleges, founded upon the same religious faith, had 
increased from three to eight, rendering the best leadership 
necessary to meet the competition. 

A "more judicious selection could not have been made for 
the sixth president of the college. 

Rev. Nathan Lord, the son of John and Mehitable (Per- 
kins) Lord, was born at Berwick, Maine, November 28, 1792, 
and belonged to a highly respectable family. At the early 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 169 

age of sixteen, he graduated at Bowdoin College, in the class 
of 1809. Very rarely has a student at college the oppor- 
tunity to sit under the instruction of two such men as Joseph 
McKeen and Jesse Appleton, each of whom filled the presi- 
dent's chair two years, while young Lord was a student. 

After valuable experience as a teacher in the Exeter Acad- 
emy, he pursued a theological course at the Andover Seminary, 
graduating in 1815. He had been twelve years pastor of the 
Congregational Church at Amherst when called to the presi- 
dency of Dartmouth, having been for some time a Trustee. 
In the intellectual strength and literary attainments of its 
people, this had been for a long period one of the leading 
towns in southern New Hampshire. Being the county seat, 
it was visited periodically by gentlemen eminent in the law, 
with whom professional men resident in the place would most 
naturally have frequent intercourse. At a period when the 
whole community was profoundly agitated, by the most earn- 
est and important theological controversy in the history of 
New England, we can readily understand that the youthful 
preacher would have abundant opportunity to measure swords 
with skilled warriors, in the field of religious debate. That 
he wielded his weapons, in the discussions of that period, 
with a force indicating that he was a man of no ordinary 
mould, is a matter of history. When he entered upon his 
great work at Dartmouth, those who, as its guardians, had 
called him to it, cherished confident hope of his success. 
Seldom has there been so full a realization of such hope in the 
history of American colleges. 

President Lord brought to the accomplishment of his task 
a fine physique ; a countenance serene, yet impressive ; a 
voice rare both for its richness and its power; a pleasing, 
almost magnetic, dignity of mien ; a mind most capacious and 
discriminating by nature, richly stored by severe application, 
and thoroughly disciplined by varied professional labor ; and 
a heart always tender, yet always true to the profoundest 
convictions of duty. A deep, rich, and thorough religious ex- 
perience well fitted the graceful and earnest man to be a 
graceful and earnest Christian teacher. The question of fit- 
ness for the position as an executive was soon settled beyond 



170 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

the possibility of a doubt. It required but a brief acquaint- 
ance with President Lord to teach any one, that he fully be- 
lieved in the most literal acceptation of the doctrine, that 
" the powers that be are ordained of God." 

A recognition of this fundamental law guided and governed 
him daily and hourly through all his public life. When early 
in his administration, he discovered marked symptoms of a 
spirit of insubordination in the college, he gave all concerned 
to understand most fully, that it would be his duty to main- 
tain the supremacy of the law. There was never any de^ 
viation from this loyalty to duty in administering the dis- 
cipline of the college. No undue regard for his own dignity, 
or comfort, or safety, deterred him trom visiting, at any hour 
of day or night, the scene of disorder. When he had been 
more than forty years an officer of the college he reaffirmed 
his adherence to this principle, in a most emphatic manner, 
when those to whom he did not deem himself responsible 
sought to point out to him the path of duty. 

As a teacher it was President Lord's province, chiefly to 
unfold the various relations and obligations of man to his 
Maker. In the performance of this duty he gave remarkable 
prominence to the Divine Revelation. Jealous for the honor 
of his great Master and Teacher, he was very suspicious, pos- 
sibly too suspicious, of any intermixture of *' man's wisdom." 
This habit may have induced occasionally, measurable dispar- 
agement of worthy and eminent men. But the genial manner 
and chastened tone invariably extracted the point from the 
severest word, and left upon the pupil's mind a profound con- 
viction that his teacher had been '' taught of God." It may 
well be doubted whether, of the large numbers who graduated 
during President Lord's administration, any who were brought 
in close contact with him, and listened with a " willing mind " 
to his instructions, failed to receive measurably, yet consciously, 
the impress of their honored teacher. 

The following extracts from the official records of the Trus- 
tees, are deemed worthy of insertion in this connection in 
order to a full understanding of the circumstances attending 
President Lord's resignation. 

*' Annual Meeting, July 1863. Mr. Tuck offered the fol- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 171 

lowing, to wit : ' The undersigned has had his p.ttention 
called to the accompanying resolutions passed by the Merri- 
mack County Conference of Congregational Churches, held 
on the 23d and 24th of June last ; and he submits the same 
to the Trustees, with a motion that a Committee be ap- 
pointed to report what action thereon ought to be taken. 

" '1. " Resolved. That the people of New Hampshire have 
the strongest desire for the prosperity of Dartmouth College, 
and that they rejoice in the wide influence this noble institu- 
tion has exerted in the cause of education and religion. 

" ' 2. " Resolved. That we cherish a sincere regard for its 
yenerable president ; for the rare qualifications he possesses for 
the high office he has so long and ably filled ; but that we 
deeply regret that its welfare is greatly imperiled by the 
existence of a popular prejudice against it, arising from the 
publication and use of some of his peculiar views touching 
public affairs, tending to embarrass our government in its 
present fearful struggle, and to encourage and strengthen the 
resistance of its enemies in arms. 

" ' 3. " Resolved. That in our opinion it is the duty of the 
Trustees of the College to seriously inquire whether its inter- 
ests do not demand a change in the presidency ; and to act 
according to their judgment in the premises." ' 

" Whereupon, Messrs. Tuck, Bouton, and Eastman were 
appointed a Committee, to report on the subject aforesaid." 

" The Committee to whom was referred the resolutions of 
the Merrimack County Conference, respecting Dartmouth 
College, made the following Report : 

" ' The Committee have taken into most respectful considera- 
tion the action of the Conference and the sentiment pervading 
the churches of which the resolutions of the Conference are 
the expression. We do not forget, but thankfully avow the 
debt of gratitude which has rested on the college, throughout 
its history, to the churches of New England, and to the pious 
teachings and generous patronage of those included within 
their embrace. We are fully aware of the obligations of 
science and literature, in all past time, to the clerical profes- 
sion ; that the countenance and support of the clergy and the 
churches have ever been the chief reliance of this college, and 



172 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

that we can hope for little prosperity or usefulness to the in- 
stitution in future, without meriting the confidence bestowed 
upon it in the past. We deplore the present condition of the 
college in respect to the sentiments entertained towards it, as 
expressed in said resolutions, and we proffer our readiness to 
do any act which our intimate knowledge of its affairs and 
circumstances enable us to judge practicable and beneficial. 
Neither the Trustees nor the Faculty coincide with the presi- 
dent of the college in the views which he has published, 
touching slavery and the war ; and it has been their hope 
that the college would not be adjudged a partisan institution, 
by reason of such publications. It has been our purpose that 
no act of ours should contribute to such an impression upon 
the public mind, inviting the public as we do, to contribute 
to its support, and to partake of its privileges. 

" ' It would be impracticable if it were wise to embody in 
this report all the reasons which induce us to propose no action 
by which the removal of the president from the head of the 
institution should be undertaken by the Trustees ; and we 
bespeak with confidence the favorable judgment that we act 
discreetly, from the members of the Conference who have ex- 
pressed in their resolutions their generous appreciation of the 
eminent ability and qualifications of the president for the 
position which he occupies. 

" ' Yet the Committee do not fail to see that the present 
crisis in the country is no ordinary conflict between opposing 
parties, but is a struggle between the government on one side, 
and its enemies on the other, and that in it are involved vital 
issues, not only respecting science and learning, virtue and 
religion, but also respecting all the social and civil blessings 
growing out of free institutions. 

'* ' The Committee recommend that the resolutions of the 
Merrimack County Conference, this report and the accom- 
panying resolutions, be published in pamphlet forms, and that 
the Treasurer be directed to cause the same to be circulated 
among the members of said Conference, and other persons, 
according to his discretion. Amos Tuck. 

N. BOUTON." 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 173 

" ' RESOLUTIONS. 

" ' The Trustees of Dartmouth College, impressed with the 
magnitude of the crisis now existing in public affairs, and with 
the vital consequences which the issue of current events will 
bring to the nation and the world ; and, considering that it is 
the duty of literary institutions and the men who control them 
to stand in no doubtful position when the Government of the 
country struggles for existence ; inscribe upon their records, 
and promulgate the following Resolutions : 

" * First. We recognize and acknowledge with grateful 
pride, the heroic sacrifices and valiant deeds of many of the 
sons of Dartmouth, in their endeavors to defend and sustain 
the Government against the present wicked and remorseless 
rebellion ; and we announce to the living now on the battle- 
fields, to the sick and the maimed in the hospitals and among 
their friends, and to the relatives of such of them as have 
fallen in defense of their country, that Dartmouth College 
rejoices to do them honor, and will inscribe their names and 
their brave deeds upon her enduring records. 

" ' Second. We commend the cause of our beloved country to 
all the Alumni of this Institution ; and we invoke from them, 
and pledge our own most efl&cient and cordial support, and 
that of Dartmouth College, to the Government, which is the 
only power by which the rebellion can be subdued. We hail 
with joy and with grateful acknowledgments to the God of 
our fathers, the cheering hope that the dark cloud which has 
heretofore obscured the vision and depressed the hearts of 
patriots and statesmen, in all attempts to scan the future, may 
in time disappear entirely from our horizon ; and that Amer- 
ican slaver3^ with all its sin and shame, and the alienations, 
jealousies, and hostilities between the people of different sec- 
tions, of which it has been the fruitful source, may find its 
merited doom in the consequence of the war which it has 
evoked. 

" ' Third. The Trustees bespeak for the College in the future 
the same cordial support and patronage of the Clergy and 
Churches of New England, as well as other friends of sound 
learning, which they have given to it in time past, reminding 



174 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

them of the obligations which the cause of education, science, 
and religion seem to lay upon them, to stand by this vener- 
able Institution, in evil report and in good report, in view of 
its past history and great service to the Church and the State, 
entertaining an abiding faith that it will triumph over all ob- 
stacles, and go down to posterity with its powers of usefulness 
unimpaired.' 

" It was moved by Dr. Barstow that the foregoing Report 
and Resolutions be accepted and adopted. 

" On the question of adopting the report, two voted in the 
negative and five in the affirmative. On the adoption of the 
preamble and second resolution, two voted in the negative 
and five in the affirmative, for the first and third resolutions 
the vote was unanimous, so the report and resolutions were 
adopted. 

" The president asked leave to withdraw for a short time, 
and Dr. Barstow was requested to take the chair. 

" The President on resuming the chair read to the Trustees 
the following paper, to wit: 

" ' Dartmouth College, July 24, 1863. 
" ' To THE Trustees of Dartmouth College : 

" ' In making this communication to the Hon. and Rev. 
Board of Trustees I take the liberty respectfully to protest 
against their right to impose any religious, ethical, or political 
test upon any member of their own body or any member of 
the College Faculty, beyond what is recognized by the Charter 
of the institution, or express statutes or stipulations conformed 
to that instrument, however urged or suggested, directly or 
indirectly, by individuals or public bodies assuming to be as 
visitors of the college, or advisers of the Trustees. 

" ' The action of the Trustees, on certain resolutions of the 
Merrimack County Conference of Churches, virtually imposes 
such a test, inasmuch as it implicitly represents and censures 
me as having become injurious to the college, not on account 
of any official malfeasance or delinquency, for, on the contrary, 
its commendations of my personal and official character and 
conduct during my long term of service, far exceed my merits ; 
but, for my opinions and publications on questions of Biblical 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 175 

etbics and interpretations, which are supposed by the Trus- 
tees to bear unfavorably upon one branch of the policy pur- 
sued by the present administration of the government of the 
country. 

" ' For my opinions and expressions of opinion on such sub- 
ject, I hold myself responsible only to God, and the constitu- 
tional tribunals of my country ; inasmuch as they are not 
touched by the Charter of the college, or any express statutes 
or stipulations. And, while my unswerving loyalty to the 
government of my fathers, proved and tested by more than 
seventy years of devotion to its true and fundamental princi- 
ples, cannot bepermanently discredited by excited passions of 
the hour, I do not feel obliged when its exercise is called in 
question, to surrender my moral and constitutional right and 
Christian liberty, in this respect, nor to submit to any cen- 
sure, nor consent to an}^ conditions such as are implied in the 
aforesaid action of the Board ; which action is made more im- 
pressive upon me, in view of the private communications of 
some of its members. 

" ' But not choosing to place myself in any unkind relations 
to a body having the responsible guardianship of the college, a 
body from which I have received so many tokens of confi- 
dence and regard, and believing it to be inconsistent with 
Christian charity and propriety to carry on my administration, 
while holding and expressing opinions injurious, as they im- 
agine, to the interests of the college, and offensive to that 
party in the country which they [the majority] professedly 
represent, I hereby resign my oflEice as president. 

" ' I also resign my office as Trustee. In taking leave of the 
college with which I have been connected, as Trustee or Pres- 
ident, more than forty years, very happily to myself, and, as 
the Trustees have often given me to understand, not without 
benefit to the college, I beg leave to assure them that I shall 
ever entertain a grateful sense of the favorable consideration 
shown to me by themselves and their predecessors in office ; 
and that I shall never cease to desire the peace and prosperity 
of the college, and that it may be kept true to the principles 
of its foundation. I am very respectfully, 

" ' Your ob't serv't, 

" ' N. LOKD.' " 



176 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" Adjourned Meeting, September 21, 1863. Resolved, ' that 
in accepting the resignation of President Lord, we place on 
record a grateful sense of his services during the long period 
of his administration ; and his kind and courteous treatment 
of the Board in all their intercourse.' " 

Dr. Lord continued to reside at Hanover, cordially co- 
operating with his successor in office, till his death, September 
9, 1870. His wife, Mrs. Elisabeth King (Leland) Lord, died 
a few months previous to her husband. 




Rev. ASA D. SMITH, D. D. 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT SMITH. 

Rev. Asa D. Smith, D. D., of New York city, of tbe class 
of 1830, was elected tbe seventh president of the college. 
His thorough understanding of the field upon which he was 
to enter is indicated by the following extracts from his inau- 
gural address : 

" Tbere are four chief organic forces, by which, under the 
providence of God, humanity has its normal development. 
These, generalizing broadly, are the family, the school, the 
State, and the Church. Wherever you find, even in its low- 
est measure, a true civilization, these exist ; and as it rises 
they rise, sustaining to it the relation both of cause and effect. 
Concerning, as they do, one and the same complex nature, 
they have, in different degrees and combinations, the same 
underlying elements of power. In the family, we have, in its 
rudimental form, both teaching and government. It is a 
patriarchate — a little commonwealth ; and to its head — a 
priest as well as a patriarch — that Scripture should ever be 
relevant, ' the church that is in thy house.' In the school, 
the simplest offshoot, perhaps, from a congeries of families, we 
have, or ought to have, the parental element ; we have magis- 
tracy also, and a certain statehood ; we have, or should have, 
worship. The state, properly apprehended, is not only gov- 
ernmental but didactic — it is a teaching power ; and though 
not, at this age of the world, theocratic, it should be, in a 
large view, religious. In the church, having specially and 
predominantly the last-named characteristic, — being of divine 
appointment, and as ministering to our imperative needs, the 
foster-mother of devotion, — we have, also, as essential to its 
purpose, both rule and instruction. And in the influence 
they wield, these great moulding agencies are perpetually in- 
terpenetrating and modifying each other. 

12 



178 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" It is of the second of these, the school, that we are now 
called to speak. The service we essay is connected with an 
educational institution, using the term in the specific sense; a 
fact, it may be said at the outset, which of itself dignifies the 
occasion. Not to insist on those afiinities and mutual in- 
fluences just adverted to, and of which there will be further 
occasion to speak, there is a view of education, a large and 
comprehensive one, which gives to it the very grandest eleva- 
tion. It is the end, next to that which the good old Catechism 
makes chief, and subordinate to that, of all the divine pro- 
visions and arrangements. God is the great Educator of the 
universe. More glorious in his didactic offices is He than even 
in creation ; nay, creation was for these. Earth is our train- 
ing place — time is our curriculum ; eternity will but furnish 
to the true pupil the higher forms of his limitless advance- 
ment. We have our lessons in all providence, in all beings 
and things, God teaching us in and through all. No mean 
vocation, then, is that of the earthly educator ; no unimpor- 
tant theme that now in hand. Yet even of the school in the 
more technical sense of the term, we cannot speak at large, 
except as in touching on any one department we more or less 
affect every other. Our thought may be fitly limited to that 
class of institutions which these ancient halls of learning and 
these inauguration solemnities naturally bring before us. The 
college is my subject, considered in its proper functions and 
-characteristics. 

*' I use the term college in the American sense. This, not 
for the poor purpose of ministering to national vanity, but be- 
cause we must needs take things as they are ; and for the fur- 
ther reason that there is much to commend in the shape the 
institution here assumes. It has hardly its prototype either 
in the Fatherland or on the Continent. It has but a partial 
resemblance either to the German Gymnasia or to the Eng- 
lish preparatory schools, as of Eton and Rugby. As prelim- 
inary to professional study, it is in some respects far in ad- 
vance of these. It differs materially, at once from the Ger- 
man and English University, and from the college as embraced 
in the latter. University education in Europe was once some- 
what rigidly divided into two portions ; the one designed to 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 179 

form the mind for whatever sphere of life ; the other, the 
Brodstudium^ as the Germans significantly term it, a course 
of training for some particular profession. Long ago, how- 
ever, this division became mainly obsolete. 'On the conti- 
nent,' said an eminent English scholar, some years since, ' the 
preparatory education has been dropped; among ourselves, 
the professional.' He speaks, of course, comparatively. So 
far as England is concerned, the same testimony is borne by 
a well-informed recent observer. This ancient and wise di- 
vision is by us still maintained ; with this peculiarity, that 
the ' preparatory ' education, so-called, — by which is meant 
the highest form of it, — is the sole work of the colleges. 
Professional culture is remitted to other and often separate 
schools. The undergraduate course is for general training ; 
it lays the foundation for whatever superstructure. It has no 
particular reference to any one pursuit ; but, like the first 
part of the old University course, aims to fit the whole man 
for a man's work in any specific line either of study or of 
action. 

" In this conception of the college, there are, it is believed, 
important advantages. It is better for preparatory education ; 
it is better for professional. It felicitously discriminates. It 
keeps things in their place. It defines and duly magnifies 
each of the two great departments of the educational process. 
It is likelier to dig deep, and build on broad and solid rock ; 
it tends to symmetry and finish in the superincumbent fabric. 

" The college should be marked by a completeness. Re- 
jecting the fragmentary and the unfinished, the well consti- 
tuted mind ever craves this. Modern thought, especially, is 
passing from an excessive nominalism to a more realistic 
habit ; by many a broad induction, from mere details to a 
rounded whole. And nowhere more persistently than in re- 
lation to institutions. The college should be complete as to 
its objective scheme. There may be onesidedness here. 
There may be, for example, an excessive or ill-directed 
pressing of utilities, as in the speculations of Mr. Herbert 
Spencer ; or there may be an undue exaltation of what he 
calls ' the decorative element.' The theoretic may be too ex- 
clusively pursued ; or there may be a practicalness which has 



180 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

too little of theory, like a cone required to stand firm on its 
apex. Tliere should be completeness, also, as touching the 
subjective aim. It should embrace, in a word, the whole 
man, and that not in his Edenic aspects alone, but as a fallen 
being. You may not overlook even the physical ; the casket 
not merely, holding all the mental and moral treasures — the 
frame-work rather, to which by subtile ties the invisible ma- 
chinery is linked, and which upholds it as it works. The 
world has yet to learn fully how dependent is the inner upon 
the outer man, and how greatly the highest achievements of 
scholarship are facilitated by proper h^^gienic conditions. As 
you pass to the intellectual, it matters little what classification 
you adopt, whether with the author of the ' Novum Organum^ 
in his ' Advancement of Learning,' you resolve all the powers 
into those of memory, imagination, and reason, or whether the 
minuter divisions of a more recent philosophy are preferred ; 
only be sure that not a single faculty is overlooked or dispar- 
aged. Be it presentative, conservative, reproductive, repre- 
sentative, elaborative, regulative, or whatever the fine Hamil- 
tonian analysis may suggest, give it its proper place and its 
proper scope. 

" The college should be distinctly and eminently Christian. 
Not in the narrow, sectarian sense — that be far from us — 
but in the broadest evangelical view. Our course of thought 
culminates here ; and here does all else that has been affirmed 
find its proper centre and unity. Christianity is the great 
unity. In it, as was intimated at the outset, are all the chief 
elements of organic influence. It is itself the very acme of 
completeness, and it tends to all symmetry and finish. It is 
at once conservative and progressive, balancing perfectly the 
impelling and restraining forces; by a felicitous adjustment 
of the centripetal and centrifugal, ensuring to human nature 
its proper orbit. It is the golden girdle wherewith every in- 
stitution like this should bind her garments of strength and 
beauty iyJ)out her. 

" Were it needful to argue this point, we might put it on 
the most absolute grounds. All things are Christ's ; all do- 
minions, dignities, potences ; it is especially meet that we say, 
to-day, all institutions. It is the grossest wrong practically 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 181 

to hold otherwise. It is loss, too, and nowhere more palpably 
than in the educational sphere. It is no cant saying to affirm, 
and that in a more than merely spiritual sense, that in Christ 
' are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.' At his 
throne the lines of all science terminate ; above all, the science 
that has man for its subject. Of all history, for example, 
rightly read, how is He the burden and the glory ! Other- 
wise taken, it is a more than Cretan labyrinth. The Christian 
spirit, besides, raising the soul to the loftiest planes of thought, 
giving it the highest communions, bringing before it the grand- 
est objects, and securing to all its machinery the most har- 
monious action, is eminently conducive to intellectual achieve- 
ment. We have already said something like this as touching 
moral culture; but that, be it ever remembered, takes its 
proper form and direction only as it is vitally linked with 
Christianity. What God has joined together let not man put 
asunder. Let the studies which we call moral, have all a 
Christian baptism ; and, with all our getting, let us not stop 
short of the cardinal points of our most holy faith. Let the 
Will be still investigated, not as a brute force, or in a merely 
intellectual light, but in those high spiritual aspects in which 
our great New England metaphysician delighted to present it. 
Let Butler, with his curious trestle-work of analogy, bridge, 
to the forming mind, the chasm between natural and revealed 
religion. Let the Christian Evidences be fully unfolded. We 
can hardly dispense with them in an age, when by means of 
* Westminster Reviews,' and other subtle organs of infidelity, 
the old mode of assault being abandoned, a sapping and min- 
ing process is continually going forward. Let Ethical Science, 
— embracing in its wide sweep the Economy of Private Life, 
the Philosophy of Government, and Law, which ' hath its seat 
in the bosom of God,' — be all bathed in the light of Calvary. 
That light is its life. ' Let us with caution indulge the sup- 
position,' said the Father of our country, ' that morality can 
be maintained without religion.' Let the Bible be included 
among our text-books as the sun is included in the solar sys- 
tem ; and let all the rest revolve in planetary subjection about 
it. Let it be studied, not in a professional, much less in a 
partisan way ; but with the conviction that it is indispensable 



182 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

to the broadest culture ; that without theology we have but a 
straitened anthropology ; that we see not nature aright, but 
as we look up through it to Nature's God. Be ours, in its 
largest significance, the sentiment so devoutly uttered by the 
old Hebrew bard : ' In Thy light shall we see light.' And 
let the discipline of college, so intimately connected with its 
prosperity, be fashioned on the model of the Gospel. Let it 
copy, in its way and measure, the wondrous harmonies of the 
redemptive scheme, in which 'mercy and truth are met to- 
gether, righteousness and peace have kissed each other.' So 
shall it bless our halls with some faint reflection of the Divine 
fatherhood, and give to our society some happy resemblance 
to a Christian family." 

A prominent feature of President Smith's administration 
was a greater utilization of the libraries, and the opening of. 
a reading-room. The librarian says : 

" The late Professor Alph^us Crosby contributed consid- 
erably to the increase of the classical books, and Hon. Nathan 
Crosby has recently furnished the means for commencing a 
collection of the works of Dartmouth alumni. It is intended 
to gather all books and pamphlets which have been written 
by graduates. The collection will also include matter relating 
to them and to the work of the college. 

" In reviewing the history of the library their number is so 
great that it is impossible to mention even a small part of the 
benefactors ; their best record is in the well filled shelves and 
the large amount of reading done in connection with the stud- 
ies of the college course. 

*' One of the departments of the library consists of the books 
given by the late General Sylvanus Thayer, founder of the 
school of engineering, numbering 2,000 volumes. 

" Early in its history the members of the Chandler Scien- 
tific Department founded the * Philotechnic Society,' the li- 
brary of which, together with some books belonging to the 
department, contains 1,700 volumes. 

" The three society libraries continued under separate man- 
agement until 1874, although the societies, as far as literary 
work is concerned, had for some time given way to the secret 
societies, and the interest in them was so slight that only with 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 183 

great difficulty could a quorum be obtained for ordinary busi- 
ness. During that year an arrangement was made by which 
the three society libraries were placed under the same man- 
agement as the library of the college, the latter receiving the 
society taxes which were slightly reduced, assuming all ex- 
penses including the support of the reading-room, and provid- 
ing for the increase of the library by books to be annually 
selected by the Senior class. Under this arrangement the 
different libraries have been brought together and considered 
as departments of one, the hours for drawing and consulting 
books have been increased from three hours per week in the 
society libraries and six in the college, to twenty-one hours 
per week, and in many respects the facilities for use have been 
greatly increased. Since 1870, the yearly additions for all 
the libraries have averaged 700 volumes, and they at present 
contain exclusive of pamphlets about 45,000 volumes, besides 
nearly 5,000 books which are either duplicates or worthless. 
These figures are independent of the Astronomical library 
located at the Observatory, the library of the ' Society of 
Inquiry,' and of the libraries of the Medical and Agricultural 
departments, which will probably be connected with the main 
library. The library as it is now constituted is well adapted 
to the work of the college, and is especially so in some of the 
departments of instruction, in connection with which a large 
amount of reading is done. There are in use at present three 
printed catalogues : one of the college library, printed in 1868 ; 
one of the ' Social Friends ' librar}?^, dated 1859 ; and one of 
the ' United Fraternity ' library, issued in 1861. These are 
supplemented by a card catalogue arranged under title, author, 
and subject." 

The " Centennial " celebration of the founding of the col- 
lege, at the Commencement of 1869, was a season of rare in- 
terest and profit to the very large number of alumni and 
friends of the college assembled from nearly every quarter of 
the globe. 

The following is the substance of the address of Chief Jus- 
tice Chase, who presided on the occasion, as given by Mr. 
William H. Duncan : 

" He began by alluding to the fact that the college received 



184 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

its charter from ' our right trusty and well beloved Jolin 
Wentworth, Governor of the Province of New Hampshire/ 
and said that the venerable name was borne, to-day, by an 
honored citizen of Illinois,^ who, like his ancestor, towered 
head and shoulders above his fellow men. He also happily 
referred to the descendants of the other founders of the col- 
lege. ' When the college was organized the third George was 
heir to the British throne. Under the great Empress Cath- 
erine, Russia was prosecuting that career of aggrandizement 
then begun which is even now menacing British empire in 
the East. Under the fifteenth Louis, in France, that wonder- 
ful literary movement was in progress, which prepared a sym- 
pathetic enthusiasm for liberty in America, at length over- 
throwing, for a time, monarchy in France. China and Japan 
were wholly outside the modern community of nations. A 
hundred years have passed, and what a new order has arisen ! 
Great Britain has lost an empire, has gained other empires in 
Asia and Australia, and extends her dominion around the 
globe. France, so great in arts and arms, has seen an empire 
rise and fall and another empire arise, in which a wise and 
skillful ruler is seeking to reconcile personal supremacy with 
democratic ideas. Russia, our old friend, seems to withdraw, 
for the present, at least, her eager gaze from Constantinople 
and seeks to establish herself on the Pacific Ocean and in 
Central Asia. China sends one of. our own citizens, Mr. 
Burlingame, on an embassy throughout the world to establish 
peaceful, commercial, and industrial relations with all the civ- 
ilized nations. Japan, too, awakes to the necessity of a more 
liberal policy, and looks toward a partnership in modern civ- 
ilization. Who, seeing this, and reflecting on the manifold 
agencies at work in the old world and the prodigious move- 
ments in the new, which I cannot even glance at, can help 
exclaiming, in the language of the first telegraphic message 
which was sent to America, ' What hath God wrought ? * 
How great a part has this college, antedating the Republic, 
played in all the enterprises of America ! It has been well 
said of it that three quarters of the globe know the graduates 
of Dartmouth. Every State in the Union, certainly, is famil- 
1 Hon. John Wentworth, LL. D. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 185 

iar with their names and their works, and the influence which 
they exert is the influence of this college. What an insignifi- 
cant beginning was that which has been described, to-day ; 
— what splendid progress ! How great the present, and who 
can predict the future ? Ninety-eight classes of young men 
have already gone forth from this institution. Who can meas- 
ure the religious, the moral, the intellectual, the political in- 
fluence, which they have exerted ? Great names like Webster 
and Choate rise at once to memory, but I refer more particu- 
larly to the mighty influence exerted by the vast numbers, 
unrecognized upon the theatre of national reputation, which 
the college has sent into all the spheres of activity and duty. 
When I think of the vast momentum for good which has 
originated here, and is now in unchecked progress, and must 
extend beyond all the limits of conception, I cannot help feel- 
ing that it is a great and precious privilege to be in some way 
identified as a member of this college. It does not diminish 
my satisfaction that other graduates of other American col- 
leges can say the same thing. It rather increases the satis- 
faction. Glad and thankful that my name is in the list of 
those who have been educated here, and have endeavored to 
do something for their country and their kind, I rejoice that, 
under our beneficent institutions, legions of Americans have 
the same or greater cause for gladness.' 

"After some remarks to the graduating class, the Chief 
Justice said : ' And let me add, my brethren of the alumni, 
a practical word to you. We celebrate to-day the founding 
of our college. We come hither to testify our veneration 
and our affection for our benign Alma Mater. We can hardly 
think she is a hundred years old, she looks so fresh and so fair. 
We are sure that many, many blessed days are before her, 
but a mother's days are made happy and delightful by the 
love and faithfulness of her children. Much has been done 
for this institution, recently, much which makes our hearts 
glad. The names of the benefactors of the institution, men- 
tioned here to-day, dwell freshly in the hearts of every grad- 
uate, and will live forever ; but let us remember, that while 
much has been done, much also remains to be done. I do not 
appeal to you for charity. I wish that every graduate may 



186 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

feel that the college is, in a most true and noble sense, his 
mother, and to remind you of your filial obligations.' " 

Addresses having been made by Hon. Ira Perley, LL. D., 
Hon. Daniel Clark, and Richard B. Kimball, Esq., Mr. Dun- 
can says : 

" Judge Chase called upon Judge Barrett, Vice President 
of the Association of the Alumni, to read a poem, which had 
been furnished for the occasion by George Kent, Esq., of the 
Class of 1814. He had read but a few stanzas when the 
rumbling of distant thunder was heard. Then came a few 
scattering drops of water pattering upon the roof of the tent, 
but soon the winds blew, and the rain descended and fell upon 
the roof, as if the very windows of heaven had been opened. 
There followed such a scene as no tongue, nor pen, nor pencil 
can describe, — it baffles all description. Judge Barrett, with 
the true pluck of an Ethan Allen, stood by his colors, and 
the more the wind blew and the storm raged, the louder he 
read his poetry. But he was obliged at length to cease, and 
with his slouched hat and dripping garments left the stage. 

" But he was not alone in his misery. The manly and 
stately form of the Chief Justice, the president of the col- 
lege, reverend doctors of divinity, were all in the same con- 
dition — they all stood drenched and dripping, like fountains, 
in the rain. Even General Sherman had to succumb, once in 
his life, and seek the protection of an umbrella. Some hud- 
dled under umbrellas, some held benches over their heads, 
and some crept beneath the platform. 

" The storm passed over, and Judge Barrett came forward 
and finished reading the poem. 

" Hon. James W. Patterson, of the Class of 1848, was 
then called upon, and spoke with force and eloquence, receiv- 
ing the greatest compliment that could be paid him, — the 
undivided attention of the audience." 

Addresses were also made by Dr. Jabez B. Upliam, Samuel 
H. Taylor, LL. D., Rev. Samuel C. Bartlett, D. D., and 
others. 

We quote some of the closing passages of the " Historical 
Address " by President Brown, of Hamilton College. 

" There is not much time to speak of the general policy of 
the college through these hundred years of its life, but I may 



DAllTMOUTH COLLEGE. 187 

say in brief, that it has been sound and earnest, conservative 
and aggressive at the same time. As the motto on its seal, — 
vox clamantis in deserto^ — indicated and expressed the relig- 
ious purpose of its founders, so this purpose has never been 
lost sight of. Through lustrum after lustrum, and generation 
after generation, while classes have succeeded classes, while 
one corps of instructors have passed away and others have 
taken their places, this high purpose of presenting and enforc- 
ing the vital and essential truths of the Christian religion, has 
never been forgotten or neglected. The power of Christianity 
in modifying, inspiring, and directing the energies of modern 
civilization, — its art, its literature, its commerce, its laws, its 
government, has been profoundly felt. Nor has it for a moment 
been forgotten that education, to be trul}^ and in the largest 
degree beneficent, must also be religious, — must affect that 
which is deepest in man, — must lead him, if it can, to the 
contemplation of truths most personal, central, and essential, 
must open to him some of those depths where the soul swings 
almost helplessly in the midst of experiences and powers 
unfathomable and infinite, — where the intellect falters and 
hesitates and finds no solution of its perplexities till it yields 
to faith. Within later years there have been those who have 
advocated the doctrine that education should be entirely sec- 
ular, — that the college should have nothing to do with relig- 
ious counsels or advice. Now w^hile I do not think that this 
would be easy, as our colleges are organized, without leaving 
or even inciting the mind to dangerous skepticism, nor possible 
but by omitting the most powerful means of moral and intel- 
lectual discipUne, nor without depriving the soul of that food 
which it specially craves, and destitute of which it will grow 
lean, hungry, and unsatisfied, — as a matter of history, no such 
theory of education has found favorable response among the 
guardians of Dartmouth. At the same time while the gen- 
eral religious character of the college has been well ascertained 
and widely recognized, while the great truths of our common 
Christianity have been fully and frankly and earnestly brought 
to the notice of intelligent and inquiring minds, it has not 
been with a narrow, illiberal, and proselyting spirit, not so as 
rudely to violate traditionary beliefs, not so as to wound and 



188 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

repel any sincere and truth loving mind. And this is the con- 
sistent and sound position for the college to hold. 

" With I'espect to its curriculum of studies the position of the 
college has been equally wise. She has endeavored to make 
her course as broad, generous, and thorough as possible ; equal 
to the best in the land ; so that her students could feel that no 
privilege has been denied them which any means at her dis- 
posal could provide. She has endeavored wisely to apportion 
the elements of instruction and discipline. She has provided 
as liberally as possible, by libraries, apparatus, laboratories, 
and cabinets for increase in positive* knowledge. She has 
equally insisted on those exact studies which compel subtle- 
ness and precision of thought, which habituate the mind to 
long trains of controlled reasoning, which discipline alike the 
attention and the will, the conservative and the elaborative 
powers. She has given full honor 'to the masterpieces of 
human language and human thought, through which, while 
we come to a more complete knowledge of peoples and nations, 
of poetry and eloquence, we feel more profoundly the life of 
history, and comprehend the changes of custom and thought, 
while the finer and more subtle powers of fancy and imagina- 
tion stir within the sensitive mind, and gradually by constant 
and imperceptible inspiration lift the soul to regions of larger 
beauty and freedom. 

" So may she ever hold on her way, undeluded by specious 
promises of easier methods, inuring her students to toil as the 
price of success ; not rigid and motionless, but plastic and 
adapting herself to the necessities of different minds; yet 
never confounding things that differ, nor vainly hoping on a 
narrow basis of culture to rear the superstructure of the 
broadest attainment and character, but ever determined to 
make her instructions the most truly liberal and noble. 

*' With no purpose of personal advantage, but with the deep- 
est filial love and gratitude have we assembled this day. Of 
all professions and callings, from many States, from public 
business and from engrossing private pursuits, — you, my 
young friend who have just come, with hesitation and ingenu- 
ous fear, to add your name if you may, to the honored rolls 
of the college, and you Sir,^ whose memory runs back to the 

1 Job Lyman, Esq., of the class of 1804. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 189 

beginning of the century, the oldest or nearly the oldest living 
alumnus of the college, the contemporary of Chapman and 
Harvey, and Fletcher, and Parris, and Weston, and Webster, 
— you who came from beyond the ' Father of Waters,' and 
you who have retreated for a moment from the shore of the 
dark Atlantic — you Sir,^ our brother by hearty and affection- 
ate adoption, who led our armies in that memorable march from 
the mountain to the sea, which shall be remembered as long 
as the march of the Ten Thousand, and repeated in story and 
song as long as history and romance shall be written, and you, 
Sir, who hold the even scales of justice in that august tribunal, 
from which Marshall proclaimed the law which insured to us 
our ancient name and rights and privileges, unchanged, un- 
tarnished, unharmed, — all of us, my brothers, with one pur- 
pose have come up to lay our trophies at the feet of our com- 
mon mother, to deck her with fresh garlands, to rejoice in her 
prosperity, and to promise her our perpetual homage and love. 
Let no word of ours ever give her pain or sorrow. Loyal to 
our heart of hearts, may we minister so far as we can, to her 
wants, may we be jealous of her honor, and solicitous for her 
prosperity. May no ruthless hand ever hereafter be lifted 
against her. May no unholy jealousies rend the fair fabric of 
her seamless garment. May no narrow or unworthy spirit 
mar the harmony of her wise counsels. May she stand to the 
end as she ever has stood, for the Church and State, a glory 
and a defense. And above all and in order to all, may the 
spirit of God in full measure rest upon her ; ' the spirit of 
wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, 
the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the Lord.' " 

President Smith, whose character was a rare union of energy 
and gentleness, was preeminently a man of affairs. 

The results of his untiring efforts to promote the welfare of 
the college, in various directions, will be more fully developed 
upon subsequent pages. Having performed valuable service 
for thirteen years, he resigned his office, on account of failing 
health, March 1, 1877, and died on the sixteenth of August 
following, his wife, Mrs. Sarah Ann (Adams) Smith, surviv- 
ing him. 

1 General Sherman received the highest honorary degree of the college in 
1866. 



CHAPTER XIX. 

INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT BARTLETT. 

Rev. Samuel C. Bartlett, D. D., of the Chicago The- 
ological Seminary, was elected the eighth president of the 
college. We insert entire his inaugural address, delivered at 
the Commencement, June, 1877 : 

" Certain occasions seem to prescribe their own themes of 
discourse, and certain themes are endowed with perpetual 
life. There are problems with which each coming genera- 
tion and each last man grapples as freshly as the first. 

" How shall the ripest growth of the ages be imparted to 
one young soul ? Twice, at least, in a lifetime, is this great 
question wont to rise solemnly before each thoughtful man — 
when he looks forward in youthful hope, and when he looks 
back in parental solicitude. It is a question of many forms 
and multiplying answers. Shall there be a long, fundamental 
training, wide and general ? or, shall it be closely professional ? 
Shall it be predominanth^ classic, or scientific, or esthetic, or 
empiric ? Many, or much ? For accomplishment, or for ac- 
complishing ? Shall it fit for the tour of Europe, or for the 
journey of life ? Masculine and feminine, or vaguely human ? 
Shall it rattle with the drum-beat, bound with gymnastics, 
court fame by excursive *' nines " not known on Helicon, 
and challenge Bri4:ish Oxford, alas ! with its boat crew ? 
Shall the American College student follow his option, or his 
curriculum ? And shall the college itself be a school for 
schoolmasters, a collection of debating clubs, a reading-room 
with library attached, an intellectual quarantine for the 
plague of riches? or, a place of close and protracted drill, 
of definite methods, of prescribed intellectual work ? Shall 
it fulfill the statement of the Concord sage, — ' You send 




Rev. SAMUEL C. BARTLETT, D. D. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 191 

your son to the schoolmasters, and the schoolboys educate 
him ? ' or, shall a strong faculty make and mark the whole 
tone of the institution ? 

*' In these and other forms is the same fundamental ques- 
tion still thrust sharply before us. I do not propose to move 
directly on such a line of bristling bayonets, but to make my 
way by a flank movement across this " wilderness " of con- 
flict. It will go far to,wards determining the methods of a 
liberal education, if we first ascertain, as I propose to do, 
The Chief Elements of a Manly Culture. 

*' Obviously the primal condition of all else must be found 
in a self-prompted activity or wakefulness of intellect. The 
time when the drifting faculties begin to feel the helm of 
will, when the youth passes from being merely receptive to 
become aggressive, marks the advent of the true human era. 
As in the history of our planet the first remove from the 
tohu va-vohu was when the Spirit of God brooded on the 
deep, and, obedient to the command, light shot out from dark- 
ness, so in man the microcosm, the brooding spirit and com- 
mand.ing purpose mark the first step from chaos toward cos- 
mos. The mechanical intellect becomes dynamical, and the 
automatic man becomes autonomic. It may be with a lower 
or a higher motion. The mind gropes round restlessly by a 
yearning instinct ; it may be driven by the strong impulse 
of native genius ; or, it may rise to the condition of being the 
facile servant of the forceful will. When the boy at Pisa 
curiously watches the oil lamp swinging by its long chain 
in the cathedral, a pendulum begins to vibrate in his brain, 
and falling bodies to count off their intervals ; and when 
afterward he deliberately fits two lenses in a leaden tube, 
the moon's mountains, Jupiter's satellites, and Saturn's rings 
are all waiting to catch his eye. A thoughtful meditation on 
the spasms of a dead frog's leg in Bologna becomes galvanic. 
The gas breaking on the surface of a brewery vat, well 
watched by Priestley, bursts forth into pneumatic chemistry. 
A spider's web in the Duke of Devonshire's garden expands 
in the mind of my lord's gardener. Brown, into a suspension 
bridge. A sledge hammer, well swung in Cromarty, opened 
those New Walks in an Old Field. The diffraction of light 



192 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

revealed itself to Young in the hues of a soap-bubble. As 
the genie of the oriental tale unfolded his huge height from 
the bottle stamped with Solomon's seal, so the career of Davy 
first evolved itself out of old vials and gallipots. When the 
boy Bowditch was found in all* his leisure moments snatching 
up his slate and pencil, when Cobbett grappled resolutely with 
the grammar, when Cuvier dissected the cuttlefish found 
upon the shore, or Scott was seen sitting on a ladder, hour 
after hour, poring over books, they will be further heard 
from. 

*'If such instances illustrate the propulsive force of native 
genius, they also indicate what training must do when the 
impulsive genius is not there. No idler plea was ever en- 
tered for an idler than when he says, — ' T have no bent for 
this, no interest in that, and no genius for the other.' The 
animal has his habitat^ and stays fast. A complete man is 
intellectually and physically a cosmopolite. Till he has gained 
the power to throw his will-force wherever the work summons 
him, most of all to the weak points of his condition, till he 
has learned to be his own task-master and overseer, he is 
but a ' slave of the ring.' 

" In most lines the highest gift is the gift of toil. Indeed, 
men of genius have often been the most terrible of toilers, 
and in the regions of highest art. How have the great mas- 
ters of music first welded the keys of the organ and harpsi- 
chord to their fingers' ends and their souls' nerves before 
they poured forth the Creation or the Messiah, the sympho- 
nies and sonatas ! Think of Meyerbeer and his fifteen hours 
of daily work ; of Mozart's incessant study of the masters, 
and his own eight hundred compositions in his short life ; of 
Mendelssohn's nine years elaboration of Elijah. Or in the 
sister art, how we track laborious, continuous study in the 
Peruginesque, the Florentine, and the Roman styles succes- 
sively of Raphael, and in the incredible activity that crowded 
a life of thirty-seven years with such a vast number of por- 
traits and Madonnas, of altar-pieces and frescoes, mytholog- 
ical, historical, and Biblical. And that still grander contem- 
porary genius, how he wrought by night with the candle in his 
pasteboard cap, how he had dissected and studied the human 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. . 193 

frame like an anatomist or surgeon before he chiseled the 
David and Moses, or painted the Sistine chapel, and how the 
plannings of his busy brain were always in advance of the 
powers of a hand that, till the age of eighty-eight, was inces- 
santly at work. 

" The servant is not above his master. The lower intellect 
can buy at no cheaper price than the higher, and the hour of 
full intellectual emancipation comes only when the student 
has learned to serve — to turn the whole freshness and sharp- 
ness of his intellect on any needful theme of the hour ; it may 
be the scale of a fossil fish, or the annual movement of a gla- 
cier, the disclosures of the spectrum, or the secrets of the 
arrow-headed tongue. All great explorers have been largely 
their own teachers, and each young scholar has made the best 
use of all helps and helpers when he has learned to teach 
himself. His emancipation, once fairly purchased, confers on 
him potentially the freedom of the empire of thought ; and, 
as evermore, the freeman toils harder than the slave. The 
strong stimulus of such a self-moved activity, thoroughly 
aroused, becomes in Choate or Gladstone the fountain of per- 
petual youth, and forms the solid basis of the titanic scholar- 
ship of Germany. It stood embodied in the life and motto 
of the aged, matchless artist Angelo, — ' Ancora imparo^^ I 
am learning stilL 

" But impulse and activity may move blindly. Another 
cardinal quality of such a culture, therefore, must be precis- 
ion — the close, clean working of the faculties. A memory 
trained to clear recollection, what a saving of reiterated labor 
and of annoying helplessness. A discrimination sharpened 
to the nicest discernment of things that differ, though always 
a shining mark for the arrow of the satirist, will outlive all 
shots with his gray-goose shaft ; for it shines with the gleam 
of tempered steel. An exactness of knowledge that defines 
all its landmarks, how is it master of the situation. A pre- 
cision of speech, born of clear thinking, what controversial 
battlefields of sulphurous smoke and scattering fire might it 
prevent. He has been called a public benefactor who makes 
two blades of grass grow where one grew before. He is as 
great a benefactor, who in an age of verbiage makes one word 

13 



194 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

perform the function of two. Wonderful is the precision 
with which this mental mechanism may be made to work. 
Some men can even think their best on their feet in the pres- 
ence of a great assembly. There are others whose spon- 
taneous thoughts move by informal syllogisms. Emmons 
sometimes laid off his common utterances like the heads of a 
discourse. Johnson's retorts exploded like a musket, and 
often struck like a musket-ball. John Hunter fairly com- 
pared his own mind to a bee-hive, all in a hum, but the hum 
of industry and order and achievement. It reminds us, by 
contrast, of other minds formed upon the model of the wasp's 
nest, with a superabundance of hum and sting without, and 
no honey within. It was of the voluminous works of a dis- 
tinguished author that Robert Hall remarked, — ' They are 
a continent of mud, sir.' Nuisances of literature are the men 
who fill the air with smoke, relieved by no clear blaze of 
light. There have been schools of thought that were as 
smoky as Pittsburg. We have had ' seers ' who made others 
see nothing, men of ' insight ' with no outlook, scientists who 
in every critical argument jumped the track of true science, 
and preachers whose hazy thoughts and utterances flickered 
between truth and error. Pity there were not some intellec- 
tual Sing-Sing for the culprit ! 

" How refreshing, on the other hand, to follow the clear 
unfolding of the silken threads of thought that lie side by 
side, single and in knots and skeins, but never tangled. 
What a beautiful process was an investigation by Faraday in 
electro-magnetism, as he combined his apparatus, manipulated 
his material, narrowed his search, eliminated his sources of 
error, and drew his careful conclusions. With similar persis- 
tent acuteness, in the field of Biblical investigation, how does 
Zumpt, by an exhaustive exclusion and combination, at length 
make the annals of Tacitus shake hands with the gospel of 
Luke over the taxing of Cyrenius. In metaphysics, how 
matchless the razor-like acuteness with which Hamilton could 
distinguish, divide, and clear up the questions that lay piled 
in confused heaps over the subject of perception. What can 
be more admirable than the workings of the trained legal or 
rather judicial mind, as it walks firmly through labyrinths of 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 195 

statute and precedent and principle, holding fast its strong 
but tenuous thread, till it stands forth in the bright light of 
day; — it may be some Sir John Jervis, unraveling in a crim- 
inal case the web of sophistries with which a clever counsel 
has bewildered a jury; or it maybe Marshall or Stor}^ in 
our own college case, shredding away, one by one, its intrica- 
cies, entanglements, and accretions, till all is delightfully, rest- 
fully clear. 

" It is a trait all the more to be insisted on in these very- 
times, because there is so strong a drift toward a seeming 
clearness which is a real confusion. By two opposite methods 
do men now seek to reach that underlying order and majestic 
simplicity which more and more appear to mark this universe. 
The one distinguishes, the other confounds, things that cer- 
tainly differ. The one system belongs to the reality and 
grandeur of nature, the other to the pettiness and perverse- 
ness of man. Not a few seem bent on seeing simplicity and 
uniformity by the short process of shutting their eyes upon 
actual diversity. They proceed not by analytical incision, but 
by summary excision. They work with the cleaver and not 
with the scalpel. What singular denials of the intuitive facts 
of universal consciousness, what summarj^ identifications of 
most palpable diversities, and what kangaroo-leaps beyond 
the high wall of their facts, mark many of the deliverances of 
those who loudly warn us off from ' the unknowable ! ' 
What shall we say of the steady confusion, in some argu- 
ments, of structure and function, and of force with material ? 
When men, however eminent, openly propose to identify the 
force which screws together two plates of metal with the 
agency which corrodes or dissolves both in an acid, or to iden- 
tify the affinity that forms chemical combinations with the vi- 
tality that so steadiW overrides, suspends, and counteracts those 
affinities, is this an ascent into the pure ether, or a plunge in 
the Cimmerian dark ? v When, in opposition to every possible 
criterion, a man claims that there is but ' one ultimate form 
of matter out of which successively the more complex forms 
of matter are built up,' is this the advance march of chemistry, 
or the retrograde to alchemy ? When a writer, in a style 
however lucid and taking, firmly assumes that there is no es- 



196 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

sential difference in objects alike in material elements, but 
separated by that mighty and mysterious thing, life^ is that 
the height of wisdom, or the depth of folly ? And how such 
a central paral3^sis of the mental retina spreads its darkness, 
as, for example, in the affirmation that as oxygen and hydro- 
gen are reciprocally convertible with water, so are water, 
ammonia, and carbolic acid convertible into and resolvable 
from living protoplasm ! — a statement said to be as false in 
chemistr}^ as it certainly is in physiology. An ordinary mer- 
chant's accountant will, if need be, work a week to correct in 
his trial balance the variation of a cent. But when he listens 
to Sir John Lubbock calmly reckoning the age of the human 
implements in the valley of the Somme at from one hundred 
thousand up to two hundred and forty thousand years ; when 
he sees Croll, in dating the close of the glacial age, leap down 
from the height of near eight hundred thousand to eighty 
thousand years ; when he finds Darwin and Lyell claiming for 
the period of life on the ^arth more than three hundred mil- 
lions of years, while Tait and Thompson pronounce it ' ut- 
terly impossible ' to grant more than ten, or, at most, fifteen 
millions, — this poor, benighted clerk is bound to sit and 
hearken to his masters in all outward solemnity, but he must 
be excused for a prolonged inward smile. Who are these, he 
says, that reckon with a lee-way of hundreds of thousands of 
years, and fling the hundreds of millions of years right and 
left, like pebbles and straws ? 

" Brilliancy, so-called, is no equivalent or substitute for pre- 
cision. It is often its worst enemy. A man may mould him- 
self to think in curves and zig-zags, and not in right lines. 
He sends never an arrow, but a boomerang. Or he thinks in 
poetry instead of prose, deals in analogy where it should be 
analysis, puts rhetoric for logic, scatters and not concentrates, 
and while he radiates never irradiates. A late divine was 
suspected of heresy, partly because of his poetic bias ; and 
one of his volumes was unfortunate for him and his readers, 
in that for his central position he planted himself on a figure 
of speech, and not on a logical proposition. The well-known 
story se non vero e ben trovato, of that keenest of lawyers, 
listening to a lecture of which every sentence was a gem and 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 197 

every paragraph rich with the spoils of Kterature, and reply- 
ing to the question, " Do you understand all that ? '* " No, 
but my daughters do." It was as beautiful and iridescent as 
the Staubbach, and as impalpable. 

" The more is the pity when a vigorous mind, in the outset 
of some great discussion, heads for a fog-bank or a wind-mill. 
When a man proposes to chronicle a ' Conflict between Re- 
ligion and Science,' and makes religion stand indiscriminate- 
ly for Romanism, Mohammedanism, superstition, malignant 
passion, obstinate prejudice, and what not, also confounding 
Christianity with so-called Christians, and those often most 
unrepresentative, — at the same time appropriating to ' Sci- 
ence ' all intellectual activity whatever, though found in good 
Christian men, and though fostered and made irrepressible 
by the fire of that very religion, it is easy to see what must 
be the outcome of such a sweepstakes race. There will be a 
deification of science, and not even a whited sepulchre erected 
over the measureless Golgothas of its slaughtered theories. 
There will be, on the other hand, the steady suppressio veri 
concerning books, systems, men, and events, the occasional 
though unintended assertio falsi, the eager conversion of 
theories into facts, constructions unfair and uncandid and, 
throughout, with much that is bright and just, that ' admix- 
ture of a lie that doth ever add pleasure ' to its author and 
grief to the judicious. Such confusions are no doubt often 
the outgrowth of the will. But a main end of a true culture 
is to prevent or expose all such bewilderments, whether help- 
less or crafty. 

" The great predominance of the disciplinary process was 
what once characterized the English university system even 
more than now. It consisted in the exact and exhaustive mas- 
tery of certain limited sections of knowledge and thought, as 
the gymnastic for all other spheres and toils. At Oxford, not 
long ago, four years were spent in mastering some fourteen 
books. Whatever may be our criticism of the process, we 
may not deny its singular effect. In its best estate it forged 
many a trenchant blade. To the man who asks for its monu- 
ment, it can point to British thought, law, statesmanship. 
Bacon and Burke, Coke and Eldon, Hooker and Butler, Pitt 



198 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

and Canning, shall make answer. The whole massive litera- 
ture of England shall respond. 

" But to this precision of working must be furnished mate- 
rial with which to work. Mental fullness is, therefore, another 
prime quality of a manly culture. To what degree it should 
be sought in the curriculum has been in dispute. It is the 
American theory, and a growing belief of the English nation, 
that the British universities have been defective here. Their 
men of mark have traveled later over the broader field. 

" Provincialism of intellect is a calamity. All men of great 
achievements have had to know what others achieved. The 
highest monuments are always built with the spoils of the 
past. Any single genius, if not an infinitesimal, counts at 
most but a digit in the vast notation of humanity. The great 
masters have been the greatest scholars. Many a bright 
mind has struggled alone to beat the air. Behold in some 
national patent-office a grand mummy-pit of ignorant in- 
ventors. 

" Those men upon whom so much opprobrium has been 
heaped, the Schoolmen, were unfortunate chiefly in the lack 
of material on which to expend their singular acuteness. 
Leibnitz was not ashamed to confess his obligations to them, 
nor South to avail himself of their subtle distinctions. Doubt- 
less theology owes them a debt. Some of them have been 
well called, by Hallam, men ' of extraordinary powers of dis- 
crimination and argument, strengthened in the long medita- 
tion of their cloister by the extinction of every other talent 
and the exclusion of every other pursuit. Their age and condi- 
tion denied them the means of studying polite letters, of observ- 
ing nature, or of knowing mankind. They were thus driven 
back upon themselves, cut off from all the material on which 
the mind could operate, and doomed to emplo}^ all their pow- 
ers in defense of what they must never presume to examine.' 
* If these Schoolmen,' says Bacon, ' to their great thirst of 
truth and unwearied travel of wit had joined variety of read- 
ing and contemplation, they had proved great lights to the 
advancement of all learning and knowledge.' And so, for lack 
of other timber, they split hairs. Hence the mass of ponder- 
ous trifling that has made their name a by-word. A force, 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 199 

sometimes Herculean, was spent in building and demolishing 
castles of moonshine. 

'' A robust mental strength requires various and solid food. 
The best growth is symmetrical. There is a common bond — 
quoddam commune vinculum — in the circle of knowledge, 
that cannot be overlooked. Men do not know best what they 
know onl}^ in its isolation. Even Kant offset his metaphys- 
ics by lecturing on geography ; and Niebuhr, the historian, 
struggled hard and well to keep his equilibrium by throwing 
himself into the whole circle of natural science and of affairs. 
Such, also, are the interdependencies^of scholarship, that ample 
knowledge without our specialty is needful to save us from 
blunders within. Olshausen was a brilliant commentator, and 
the slightest tinge of chemistry should have kept him from 
suggesting that the conversion of water into wine at Cana 
was but the acceleration of a natural process. A smattering 
of optics would have prevented Dr. Williams from repeating 
the old cavil of Voltaire, that light could not have been made 
before the sun. A moderate reflection upon the laws of 
speech and the method of Genesis would have restrained 
Huxley from sneering at the ' marvelous flexibility ' of the 
Hebrew tongue in the word ' day,' and a New York audience 
from laughing at the joke rather than the joker. Some tinge 
of ethical knowledge should have withheld Max Miiller from 
finding the grand distinctive mark of humanity in the power 
of speech. The merest theorist needs some range of reality 
for the framework of his theories, and the man of broad prin- 
ciples must have facts to generalize. Indeed, a good mem- 
ory is the indispensable servant of large thought, and how- 
ever deficient in certain directions, the great thinkers have 
had large stores. ' The best heads that have ever existed,' 
says an idealist, — ' Pericles, Plato, Julius Caesar, Shake- 
speare, Goethe, Milton, — were well read, universally educated 
men, and quite too wise to undervalue letters. Their opinion 
has weight, because they had the means of knowing the oppo- 
site opinion.' 

" While every year increases the impossibility of what used 
to be called universal knowledge, it also emphasizes the neces- 
sity of a scholarship that has its outlook toward all the vast 



200 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

provinces of reading and thought. It cannot conquer them, 
but it can be on treaty relations with them. The tendency of 
modern science is, of necessity, steadily toward sectional lines 
and division of labor. It is a tendency whose cramping in- 
fluence is as steadily to be resisted, even in later life, much 
more in early training. We are to form ourselves on the 
model of the integer rather than the fraction of humanity. 
The metaphysician cannot afford to be ignorant of the ' chem- 
istry of a candle ' or the 'history of a piece of chalk,' nor the 
chemist of the laws of language, the theologian of astronomy 
and geology, nor the lawyer of the most ancient code and its 
history. Mill himself made complaint of Comte's ' great ab- 
erration ' in ignoring psychology and logic. 

" Intellectual fetichism is born of isolation, and dies hard. 
While in the great modern uprising we may boast that the 
heathen idols have been swept away from three hundred dark 
islands of Polynesia, new ' idols of the cave ' stalk forth upon 
the world of civilized thought. We are just now much be- 
wildered with brightness in streaks, which falls on us like the 
sunlight from a boy's bit of glass, and blinds our eyes instead 
of showing our path. Half-educated persons seize fragments 
of principles and snatch at half-truths. Crotchets infest the 
brains, and hobbies career through the fields of thought. 
Polyphemus is after us, a burly wretch with one eye. Better 
if that were out. 

" The remedy is, to correct our narrowness by a clear view 
of the wide expanse. We must come out of our cave. We 
must link our pursuits to those of humanity. Breadth and 
robustness given to the mental constitution in its early train- 
ing shall go far through life to save us from partial paralysis 
or monstrosity. 

" To insure this result, however, we must add to that full- 
ness of material the quality of mental equipoise or mastery, 
the power of grasping and managing it all. A man is to pos- 
sess, and not to be ' possessed with,' his acquisitions. He 
wants an intellect decisive, incisive, and, if I might coin a 
word, concisive. 

" The power to unify and organize must go with all right 
acquisition. Knowledges must be changed to knowledge. It 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 201 

takes force to liandle weight. Some men seem to know more 
than is healthy for them. It does not make muscle, but be- 
comes plethoric, dropsical, adipose, or adipocere. Better to 
have thought more and acquired less. Frederick W. Robert- 
son, in his prime, wrote, — ' I will answer for it that there 
are few girls of eighteen who have not read more books than 
I have ; ' and Mrs. Browning confessed, — ' I should be wiser 
if I had not read half as much ; ' while old Hobbes, of 
Malmesbury, caustically remarked, — ' If I had read as much 
as other men I should know as little.' It may serve as a hint 
to the omnivorous college student. Cardinal Mezzofanti 
knew, it is said, more than a hundred languages. What 
came of it all ? A eulogy on one Emanuele da Ponte. He 
never said anything in all the languages he spoke! What 
constitutes the life of an intellectual jelly-fish? Even the 
brilliancy of Macaulay was almost overweighted by the im- 
mensity of his acquisitions. The vivid glitter of details in 
his memory may sometimes have dazzled his perception of a 
tout ensemble^ and for principles it was his manner to cite 
precedents. A multitude of lesser lights have been almost 
smothered b}^ superabundance of fuel. A man knows Milton 
almost by heart, and Shakespeare too, can quote pages of 
Homer, has read Chrysostom for his recreation, is full of his- 
tory, runs over with statistics right and left, and withal is 
strong in mother- wit. But the mother- wit proves not strong 
enough, perhaps, to push forth and show itself over the pon- 
derous debris above it, the enormousness, or, if you please, 
the enormity of his knowledge. 

" It requires a first-class mind to carry a vast load of scien- 
tific facts. Hence the many eminent observers who have been 
the most illogical of reasoners. What a contrast between 
Hugh Miller and his friend Francia ; the mind of the latter, 
as Miller describes it, ' a labyrinth without a clew, in whose 
recesses was a vast amount of book-knowledge that never 
could be used, and was of no use to himself or any one else ; ' 
the former wielding all his stores as he swung his sledge. 
What is wanted is the comprehensive hand, and not the pre- 
hensile tail. 

" Involved in such an equipoise is the decisiveness, the will- 



202 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

force, that not only holds, but holds the balance. Common 
as it may be, it is none the less pitiable to be just acute 
enough constantly to question, but not to answer — forever to 
raise difficulties, and never to solve them. Wakeful, but the 
wakefulness of weakliness. Fine-strung minds are they often, 
acquisitive, subtle, and sensitive, able to look all around their 
labyrinth and see far into darkness, but not out to the light. 
It is by nature rather a German than an Anglo-Saxon habit. 
It is not always fatal even there. De Wette, ' the veteran 
doubter,' rallied at the last, and, like Bunyan's Feeble-mind, 
went over almost shouting. In this country, youth often have 
it somewhat later than the measles and the small-pox, and 
come through very well, without even a pock-mark. Some- 
times it becomes epidemic, and assumes a languid or typhoidal 
cast, — not Positivism, but Agnosticism. It is rather fashion- 
able to eulogize perplexity and doubt as a mark of strength 
and genius. But whatever may be the passing fashion, the 
collective judgment of the ages has settled it that the perma- 
nent state of mental hesitancy and indecision, in whatever 
sphere of thought and action, is and must be a false condition. 
It indicates the scrofulous diathesis, and calls for more iron in 
the blood. It is a lower type of manhood. It abdicates the 
province of a human intelligence, which is to seek and find 
truth. It abrogates the moral obligation to prove all things, 
and hold fast that which is good. It revolts from the great 
problem of life, which calls on us to know, and to know that 
we may do. Out upon this apotheosis of doubt. It is the 
sick man glorying in his infirmity, the beggar boasting of his 
intellectual rags. 

" The comprehensive and decisive tend naturally to the in- 
cisive. The power to take a subject by its handle and poise 
it on its centre is perhaps the consummation of merely intel- 
lectual culture. When all its nutriment has been converted 
into bone and muscle and sinew and nerve, then the mind 
bounds to its work, lithe and strong, like a hunting leopard 
on its game. It was exactly the power with which our Web- 
ster handled his case, till it seemed to the farmer too simple 
to require a great man to argue. It was the quality that 
Lincoln so toiled at through his early manhood, and so ad- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 203 

mirably gained, — the power of presenting things clearly to 
' plain people.' You may call it ' the art of putting things,' 
but it is the art of conceiving things. It is no trick of style, 
but a character of thinking, and it marks the harvest-time of a 
manly culture. 

*^ I will add to this enumeration one other quality, one 
without which this harvest will not ripen. I speak of mental 
docility and reverence. A man will have looked forth to 
little purpose on the universe if he does not see that, even 
with his expanding circle of light, there is an ever-enlarging 
circle of darkness around it. He will have compared his 
achievements with those of the race to little profit, if he 
does not recognize his relative insignificance, gathering sands 
on the ocean shore. 

" The wide range and rapid outburst of modern learning 
tend undoubtedly to arrogance and conceit. We gleefully 
traverse our new strip of domain, and ask. Were there ever 
such beings as we ? Yes, doubtless there were, — clearer, 
greater, and nobler. Wisdom, skill, and strength were not 
born with us. All the qualities of manly thought, though 
with ruder implements and cruder materials, have been as 
conspicuously exhibited down through the ages past as in our 
day. The power of governing, ability in war, diplomacy in 
peace, subtle dialectics, clear insight, the art of conversation, 
persuasive and impressive speech, high art in every form, 
whatever constitutes the test of good manhood, has been here 
in full force. It would puzzle us yet to lay the stones of Baal- 
bec, or to carve, move, and set up the great statue of Rameses. 
Within a generation, Euclid of Alexandria was teaching ge- 
ometry in Dartmouth College, and Heraclides and Aristarchus 
anticipated Copernicus by sixteen centuries. No man has sur- 
passed the sculptures of Rhodes, or the paintings of the six- 
teenth century. The cathedral of Cologne is the offspring of 
forgotten brains. * Such men as Anselm were educated on the 
Trivium and Quadrivium. Five hundred j^ears ago Merton 
College could show such men as Geoffrey Chaucer, William 
of Occam, and John Wickliffe. If the history of science can 
produce four brighter contemporary names than Napier, Kep- 
ler, Descartes, and Galileo, let them be forthcoming. But 



204 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

when, still earlier by a century and a half, we behold a man 
who was not only architect, engineer, and sculptor, and in 
painting the rival of Angelo, but who, as Hallam proves, * an- 
ticipated in the compass of a few pages the discoveries which 
made Galileo, Kepler, Maestlin, Maurolycus, and Castelli 
immortal,' it may well ' strike us,' he suggests ' with some- 
thing like the awe of supernatural knowledge ; ' and in the 
presence of Leonardo da Vinci the modern scientist of highest 
rank may stand with uncovered head. 

" If wisdom was not born with us, neither will it die with 
us. There will be something left to know. Our facts will 
be tested, our theories probed, and our assertions exploded by 
better minds than ours. If it be true, as Bacon says, ' jpru- 
dens interrogatio dimidium scientice^' it is also true, ' imprudens 
assertio excidium scientice.^ We are in these days treated to 
' demonstrations ' which scarcely rise to the level of presump- 
tions, but, rather, of presumption. There is an accumulation 
of popular dogmatism that is very likely doomed within a 
century to be swept into the same oblivion with the ' Christian 
Astrology,' of William Lilly and the ' Ars Magna ' of Ray- 
mond Lully — a mass of rubbish that is waiting for another 
Caliph Omar and the bath-fires of Alexandria. 

" It will not answer to mistake the despotism of hypothesis 
for the reign of law, nor physical law for the great ' I AM.' 
True thinkers must respect other thinkers and God. They 
cannot ignore the primal utterances of consciousness, the laws 
of logic, nor the truths of history. Foregone conclusions are not 
to bar out the deepest facts of human nature, nor the most stu- 
pendous events in the story of the race. Hume may not rule 
out the settled laws of evidence the moment they touch the 
borders of religion ; nor may Strauss, by the simple assertion 
that miracles are impossible, manacle the arm of God. Comte 
may not put his extinguisher upon the great underlying veri- 
ties of our being, nor Tyndall jump the iron track of his own 
principles to smuggle into matter a ' potency and promise ' of 
all ' life.' Huxley cannot play fast and loose with human vo- 
lition, nor juggle the trustiness of memory into a state of con- 
sciousness, to save his system ; nor may Haeckel lead us at 
his own sweet creative will throuo:h fourteen staojes of verte- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 205 

brate and eight of invertebrate b*fe up to the great imaginary 
' monera,' the father and mother of us all. It will be time to 
believe a million things in a lump when one of them is fully 
proved in detail. We have no disposition, even with so emi- 
nent an authority as St. George Mivart, to denominate Natural 
Selection ' a puerile hypothesis.' We will promise to pay our 
respects to our ' early progenitor ' of ' arboreal habits ' and 
' ears pointed and capable of movement,' when he is honestly 
identified by his ear-marks, and even to worship the original 
fire-mist when that is properly shown to be our only Creator, 
Preserver, and Bountiful Benefactor. 

" Meantime, as a late king of Naples was said to have erected 
the negation of God into a system of government, not a few 
eager investigators seem to have assumed it as a basis of 
science. And so we reach out by worship ' mostly of the silent 
sort ' toward the unknown and unknowable, the ' reservoir of 
organic force, the single source of power,' ourselves ' conscious 
automatons' in whom 'mind is the product of the brain,' 
thought, emotion, and will are but ' the expression of molecular 
changes,' to whom all speculations in divinity are a ' disregard 
of the proper economy of time,' and to whom, also, as one of 
them has declared, ' earth is Paradise,' and all beyond is blank. 
But it was Mephistopheles who said, — 

" ' The little god of this world sticks to the same old way, ' 
And is as whimsical as on creation's day ; 
Life somewhat better might content him. 
But for the gleam of heavenly light which thou hast lent him. 
He calls it Reason — thence his power's increased 
To be far beastlier than any beast. 
Saving thy gracious presence, he to me 
A long-legged grasshopper seems to be, 
That springing flies and flying springs, 
And in the grass the same old ditty sings. 
Would he still lay among the grass he grows in.' 

" But even the man of theories might grant that the scheme 
of one great, governing, guiding, loving, and holy God is a 
theory that works wonders in practice for those that heartily 
receive it, and is a conception of magnificence beside which 
even a Nebular Hypothesis with all its grandeur grows small. 
And the man of facts may as well recognize what Napoleon 



206 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

saw on St. Helena, — the one grand fact of the living power 
of Jesus Christ in history, and to-day ; a force that is mightier 
than all other forces ; a force that all other forces have in vain 
endeavored to destroy, or counteract, or arrest ; a force that 
has pushed its way against wit and learning and wealth and 
power, and the stake and the rack and the sword and the 
cannon, till it has shaped the master forces of the world, in- 
spired its art, formed its social life, subsidized its great pow- 
ers, and wields to-day the heavy battalions ; a force that this 
hour beats in millions of hearts, all over this globe, with a 
living warmth beside which the love of science and art is cold 
and clammy. Surely it would be not much to ask for the 
docility to recognize such patent facts as these. And I must 
believe that any mind is fundamentall}'^ unhinged that despises 
the profoundest convictions of the noblest hearts, or speaks 
lightly of the mighty influence that has moulded human events 
and has upheaved the world. It has, in its arrogance, cut 
adrift and swung off from the two grand foci of all truth, the 
human and the divine. 

" Of the several qualities, — the wakefulness, precision, full- 
ness, equipoise, and docility — that form, in other words, the 
motion, edge, weight, balance, and direction of the forged and 
tempered intellect, — I might give many instances. Such 
men as Thomas Arnold and Mr. Gladstone instantly rise to 
the thoughts, — the one by his truth-seeking and truth-find- 
ing spirit moulding a generation of English scholars, the other 
carrying by the sheer force of his clear-cut intellect and mag- 
nanimous soul the sympathies of a great nation and the ad- 
miration of Christendom. But let me rather single out one 
name from the land of specialties and limitations, — Barthold 
George Niebuhr, the statesman and historian. Not perfect, 
indeed, but admirable. See him begin in his earlj^ youth by 
saying, — ' I do not ask myself whether I can do a thing ; I 
command myself to do it.' Read the singular sketch of his 
intellectual gymnastics at twenty-one, spurring himself to 
' inward deep voluntary thought,' * guarding against society 
and dissipation,' devoting an hour each day to clearing up his 
thoughts on given subjects, and two hours to the round of 
physical sciences ; exacting of himself ' an extensive knowl- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 207 

edge of the facts ' of science- and history ; holding himself 
alike accountable for minute ' description,' ' accurate defini- 
tions,' ' general laws,' ' deep reflection,' and ' distinct con- 
sciousness of the rules of my moral being,' together with what 
he calls the holy resolve — ' more and more to purify my soul, 
so that it may be ready at all times to return to the eternal 
source.' How intensely he toiled to counteract a certain con- 
scious German one-sidedness of mind, visiting England to 
study all the varied phenomena of its robust life, and yet writ- 
ing home from London, at twenty-two, — * I positively shrink 
from associating with the young men on account of their un- 
bounded dissoluteness.' His memory, not inferior to that of 
Macaulay or Scaliger, he made strictly the servant of his 
thinking. Amid all the speculative tendencies of Germany, 
he became a man of facts and affairs. Overflowing with de- 
tails, he probed the facts of history to the quick, and felt for 
its heart. Fertile in theory, he preserved the truth of science 
so pure as ' in the sight of God,' not ' to write the very small- 
est thing as certain, of which he was not fully convinced,' nor 
to overstrain the weight of a conjecture, nor even to cite as 
his own the verified quotation he had gained from another. 
Practicing on his own maxim to ' open the heart to sincere 
veneration for all excellence ' in human act and thought, not 
even his profound admiration for the surpassing genius of 
Goethe could draw him into sympathy with the heartlessness 
and colossal egoism of his later career. In the midst of public 
honors he valued more than all his delightful home and liter- 
ary life, and his motto was Tecum habit a. Surrounded by 
Pyrrhonism, and bent by the nature of his studies toward 
skeptical habits, how grandly he recovered himself in his ma- 
turity, and said, — ' I do not know what to do with a meta- 
physical God, and I will have none but the God of the Bible, 
who is heart to heart with us.' ' My son shall believe in the 
letter of the Old and New Testaments, and I shall nurture in 
him from his infancy a firm faith in all that I have lost or feel 
uncertain about.' And his last written utterance, signed 

* Your Old Niebuhr,' contains a lament that ' depth, sincerity, 
originality, heart and affection are disappearing,' and that 

* shallowness and arrogance are becoming universal.' After 



208 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

all allowances for whatever of defect, one can well point to 
such a character as an illustrious example of true and manly- 
culture. 

" Shall I say that such a culture as I have endeavored to 
sketch, it is, and will be, the aim of Dartmouth College to 
stimulate ? I cannot, at the close of this discourse, compare 
in detail its methods with the end in view, and show their 
fitness. The original and central college is surrounded by its 
several departments, partly or wholly professional, each hav- 
ing its own specialty and excellence. The central college seeks 
to give that rounded education commonly called Liberal, and 
to give it in its ver}^ best estate. It will aim to engraft on the 
stock that is approved by the collective wisdom of the past, 
all such scions of modern origin as mark a real progress. By 
variety of themes and methods it would stimulate the mental 
activity, and by the breadth of its range it would encourage 
fullness of material, both physical and metaphysical, scientific 
and historic. It initiates into the chief languages of Europe. 
By the close, protracted concentration of the mathematics, by 
the intuitions, careful distinctions, and fundamental investiga- 
tions of intellectual and ethical science, and by the broad prin- 
ciples of political economy, constitutional and international 
law, as well as by a round of original discussions on themes 
of varied character, it aims to induce precision and mastery. 
And all along this line runs and mingles harmoniously and 
felicitously that great branch of study for which, though often 
severely assailed because unwisely defended or inadequately 
pursued, the revised and deliberate judgment of the ablest 
and wisest men can find no fair substitute, — the study of 
the classic tongues. Grant that it may be, and often is, me- 
chanically or pedantically pursued. Yet, when rightly pros- 
ecuted, its benefits are wide, deep, and continuous, more 
than can be easily set forth — and they range through the 
whole scale, rising with the gradual expansion of the mind. 
It comprises subtle distinctions, close analysis, broad gener- 
alization, and that balancing of evidence which is the basis 
of all moral reasoning; it tracks the countless shadings of 
human thought, and their incarnation in the growths of 
speech, and seizes, in Comparative Philology, the universal 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 209 

affinities of the race : it passes in incessant review the stores 
of the mother tongue ; it furnishes the constant clew to the 
meaning of the vernacular, a basis for the easy study of mod- 
ern European languages, and a key to the terminology of 
science and art ; it familiarizes intimately with many of the 
most remarkable monuments of genius and culture ; and it im- 
bues with the history, life, and thought which have prompted, 
shaped, and permeated all that is notable in the intellectual 
achievements of two thousand years, and binds together the 
whole republic of letters. To such a study as this we must 
do honor. "We endeavor to add so much of the esthetic and 
ethical element throughout as shall give grace and worth. 
And we crown the whole with some teaching concerning the 
track of that amazing power that has overmastered all other 
powers, and stamped its impress on all modern history. The 
college was given to Christ in its infancy, and the message 
that comes down through a century to our ears, sounds not 
so much like the voice of a president as of an high-priest and 
prophet — the ' burden of Eleazar ; ' ' It is my purpose, 
by the grace of God, to leave nothing undone within my 
power which is suitable to be done, that this school of the 
prophets may be, and long continue to be, a pure fountain. 
And I do, with my whole heart, will this my purpose to my 
successors in the presidency of the seminary, to the latest 
posterity ; and it is my last will, never to be revoked, and to 
God I commit it, and my only hope and confidence for the 
execution of it is in Him alone who has already done great 
things for it, and does still own it as his cause.' God has 
never yet revoked the *last will' of Wheelock. The col- 
lege is as confessedly a Christian college as in the days of her 
origin ; and in the impending conflict she sails up between 
the batteries of the enemy with her flag nailed to the mast 
and her captain lashed to the rigging. 

" The college stands to-day in its ideal and the intention 
of its managers, representative of the best possible training 
for a noble manhood. And I may venture to say, here and 
now, that if there be anything known to be yet lacking to 
the full attainment of that conception, if anything needs to 
be added to make this, in the fullest sense, the peer of the 

14 



210 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

best college in the land, it will be the endeavor of the Trus- 
tees and the Faculty to add that thing. 

'' Dartmouth College is fortunate in many particulars. 
Fortunate in its situation, so picturesque and so quiet, fitted 
for faithful study, and full of healthful influences, physical 
and moral ; fortunate in being the one ancient and honored as 
well as honoring college of this commonwealth ; fortunate in 
enjoying the full sympath}?^ of the people around and the en- 
tire confidence of the Christian community of the land ; for- 
tunate in the great class of young men who seek her instruc- 
tion, with their mature characters, simple habits, manly aims, 
and resolute purposes ; fortunate in a laborious Faculty, whose 
well-earned fame from time to time brings honorable and 
urgent calls to carry their light to other and wealthier seats 
of learning ; fortunate in her magnificent roll of alumni, 
unsurpassed in its average of good manhood and excellent 
work, and bright with names of transcendent lustre. The 
genius of the place bespeaks our reverence and awe. For to 
the mind's eye this sequestered spot is peopled to overflowing 
with youthful forms that went forth to all the lands of the 
earth to do valiantly in the battle of life. Across this quiet 
green there comes moving again invisibly a majestic procession 
of the faithful and the strong, laden with labors and with 
honors. In these seats there can almost be seen to sit once 
more a hoary and venerable array of the great and good 
whose names are recorded on earth and whose home is in 
heaven. And over us there seems to hover to-day a great 
cloud of witnesses — spirits of the just made perfect. It is 
good to be here. I only pray that the new arm may not 
prove too weak to bear the banner in this great procession of 
the ages." 



CHAPTER XX. 

PROF. JOHN SMITH. —PROF. SYLVANUS RIPLEY. — PROF. 
BEZALEEL WOODWARD. 

Haying completed our survey of the work of the successive 
presidents, the deceased professors now claim our attention. 

The following sketch of the life and labors of Prof. John 
Smith, is, in substance, from " Sprague's Annals of the Amer- 
ican Pulpit." 

" John Smith, son of Joseph and Elisabeth (Palmer) Smith, 
was born at Newbury, (Byfield parish,) Mass., December 21, 
1752. His mother was a descendant of the Sawyer family, 
which came from England to this country in 1643, and settled 
in Rowley, where she was born. The son was fitted for col- 
lege at Dummer Academy, under the instruction of the well 
known ' Master Moody.' He early discovered an uncommon 
taste for the study of the languages, insomuch that his in- 
structor predicted, while he was yet in his preparatory course, 
that he would attain to eminence in that department. 

'' He entered the Junior class in Dartmouth College, in 1771, 
at the time of the first Commencement in that institution. 
He went to Hanover in company with his preceptor and Gov- 
ernor Wentworth, and so new and unsettled was a portion of 
the country through which they passed, that they were obliged 
to encamp one night in the woods. Their arrival at Hanover 
excited great interest, and was celebrated by the roasting of 
an ox whole, at the Governor's expense, on a small cleared 
spot, near where the college now stands. 

" He was admitted to the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 
1773 ; and immediately after, was appointed preceptor of 
Moor's school at Hanover. This appointment he accepted ; 
and, while discharging his duty as a teacher, was also engaged 
in the study of Theology under the direction of President 



212 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

Wheelock. In 1774 he was appointed tutor in the college, 
and continued in the office until 1778. About this time he 
received an invitation to settle in the ministry in West Hart- 
ford Conn., and, in the course of the same year, was elected 
professor of Languages in the college where he had been edu- 
cated. His strong predilection for classical studies led him 
to accept the latter appointment ; and until 1787 he joined 
to the duties of a professor those of a tutor, receiving for all 
his services one hundred pounds, lawful money, annually. 
His professorship he retained till the close of his life. He 
was college librarian for thirty 3^ears, — from 1779 to 1809. 
For two years he delivered lectures on Systematic Theology, 
in college, in connection with the public prayers on Saturday 
evening. He was a Trustee of the college from 1788 to the 
time of his death. He also officiated for many years as stated 
preacher in the village of Hanover. In 1803, the degree of 
Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by Brown Uni- 
versity. 

" Dr. Smith's abundant and unceasing labors as a professor, 
a minister, and an author, proved too much for his constitu- 
tion, and are supposed to have hastened him out of life. He 
died in the exercise of a most serene and humble faith, on the 
30th of April, 1809, in the fifty-seventh year of his age. His 
funeral sermon was preached by the Rev. Dr. Burroughs of 
Hanover. 

" Dr. Smith was enthusiastically devoted to the study of lan- 
guages through life. He prepared a Hebrew Grammar in his 
Junior year in college, which is dated May 14, 1772 ; and a 
revised preparation is dated February 11, 1774. About this 
time he also prepared a Chaldee Grammar. The original 
manuscript of these grammars, as also the greater part of his 
lectures on Theology, is deposited in the Library of the North- 
ern Academy of Arts and Sciences at Dartmouth College. As 
early as 1779, he prepared a Latin Grammar, which was first 
published in 1802, and has gone through three editions. In 
1803 he published a Hebrew Grammar ; in 1804, an edition 
of " Cicero de Oratore," with notes, and a brief memoir of 
Cicero, in English; and in 1809, a Greek Grammar, which 
was issued about the time of his decease. He published 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 213 

also a Sermon at the dedication of the meeting house at Han- 
over, 1796, and a Sermon at the ordination of T. Eastman, 
1801. 

*' Prof. Roswell Shurtleff, D. D., says of him : ' Dr. Smith 
was rather above the middling stature, straight, and well pro- 
portioned. His head was well formed, though blanched and 
bald somewhat in advance of his years. His face, too, as to 
its lineaments, was very regular and comely. His eyes were 
of a light-blue color, and tolerably clear. 

" ' As a linguist, he was minutely accurate, and faithful to 
his pupils, although I used to doubt whether he was familiar 
with the classic writers much beyond the field of his daily in- 
structions. But in his day, philology, like many other sci- 
ences, was comparatively in its cradle, especially in this 
country. His reputation in his profession depended chiefly 
on the recitations; and there he was perfect to a proverb. 
The student never thought of appealing from his decision. 

" ' In his disposition he was very kind and obliging, and re- 
markably tender of the feelings . of his pupils — a civility 
which was always duly returned. 

" ' In religious sentiment, he was unexceptionably orthodox, 
though fearful of Hopkinsianism, which made some noise in 
the country at that period. His voice was full and clear, and 
his articulation very distinct. His sermons were written out 
with great accuracy, but were perhaps deficient in pungency 
of application. On the whole, he could hardly be considered 
a popular preacher. 

" ' Professor Smith was a man of uncommon industry. This 
must be apparent from what he accomplished. Besides his 
two recitations daily, he supplied the college and village with 
preaching for about twenty years, and exchanged pulpits but 
very seldom ; and, in the mean time, was almost constantly 
engaged in some literary enterprise. I well remember a con- 
versation with the late President Brown, then a tutor in col- 
lege, soon after the professor died, — in which we agreed in 
the opinion, that we had known no man of the same natural 
endowments, who had been more useful, or who had occupied 
his talent to better advantage.' " 



214 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

We give the substance of some leading points of a notice of 
Professor Smith, in the " Memoirs of Wheelock." 

" In 1809 the college experienced an immense loss, in the 
death of Dr. Smith. He had devoted his hfe chiefly to the 
stud}^ of languages. No other professor in any college of the 
continent, had so long sustained the ofiice of instructor ; none 
had been more happy, useful, or diligent. Though indefati- 
gable in his studies, he vras always social and pleasant with 
his friends, entirely free from that reserve and melancholy, not 
infrequent with men of letters. At an early age he obtained 
the honors of this seminary, and even while a young man was 
appointed professor of the Oriental Languages. These were 
the smallest moiety of his merit and his fame. Without that 
intuitive genius, which catches the relation of things at a 
glance, by diligence, by laborious study, by invincible perse- 
verance, which set all difficulties at defiance, he rose in his 
professorship with unrivaled lustre. He, like a marble pillar, 
supported this seminary of learning. This fact is worth a 
thousand volumes of speculation, to prove the happy and 
noble fruits of well-directed diligence in stud3^ But the best 
portrait of Dr. Smith is drawn by President Wheelock, in 
his eulogium on his friend, from which we make the following 
extract. 

'* ' Early in life, so soon as his mind was susceptible of 
rational improvement, his father entered him at Dummer 
school, under the instruction of Mr. Samuel Moody. It is 
unnecessary to take notice of the development of his juvenile 
mind, his attention to literature, and especially his delight in 
the study of the ancient, Oriental Languages. That distin- 
guished master contemplated the height, to which he would 
rise in this department; and his remark on him, when leaving 
the school to enter this institution, was equal to a volume of 
eulogy. 

" ' His mind was not wholly isolated in one particular 
branch. Philosophy, geography, criticism, and other parts of 
philology, held respectable rank in his acquirements ; but 
these yielded to a prevailing bias : the investigations of lan- 
guage unceasingly continued. his favorite object. The knowl- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 215 

edge of the Hebrew with his propensity led him to the study 
of Theology. He filled the office of tutor in the college, when 
an invitation was made to him from Connecticut to settle in 
the ministry. 

" 'At this period, in the year 1778, the way was open to a 
professorship in the learned languages. On him the public 
eye was fixed. He undertook the duties, and entered the 
career of more splendid services in the republic of letters. 
His solicitude and labors were devoted to the institution, dur- 
ing its infantile state embarrassed by the Revolutionary war. 
He alleviated the burdens of the reverend founder of this 
establishment ; and administered comfort and solace to him 
in his declining days. 

*' 'From that period in 1779, Dr. Smith continued indefat- 
igable in mental applications ; faithful in the discharge of 
official duties ; and active for the interest of the society, 
through scenes of trouble and adversity. The board of Trus- 
tees elected him a member of their body. The church at the 
college, founded by my predecessor, intrusted with him, as 
pastor, their spiritual concerns, and were prospered under his 
prudent and pious care. God blessed his labors ; a golden 
harvest reminds us of the last. To the force of his vari- 
ous exertions, under Divine Providence, justice demands 
that we ascribe much in the rise and splendor of this estab- 
lishment. 

'' '• While surveying the circle of knowledge, and justly esti- 
mating the relative importance of its different branches, still 
his eye was more fixed on classical science ; and his attach- 
ment seemed to concentrate the force of genius in developing 
the nature of language, and the principles of the learned 
tongues, on which the modern so much depend for their per- 
fection. The Latin, the Greek, and the Hebrew, were almost 
as familiar to him as his native language. He clearly com- 
prehended the Samaritan and Chaldaic ; and far extended his 
researches in the Arabic. 

" '• The eminent attainments of Dr. Smith in the knowledge 
of the languages are attested by multitudes, scattered in the 
civilized world, who enjoyed his instruction. They will be 
attested, in future times, by his Latin Grammar, published 



216 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

about seven years ago ; and by his Hebrew Grammar, which 
has since appeared. In each of these works, in a masterly 
manner, he treats of every matter proper for the student to 
know. Each subject is displayed, in a new method, with per- 
spicuity, conciseness, simplicity, and classic taste. His Greek 
Grammar, we may suppose, will exhibit the same traits, when 
it shall meet the public eye. This last labor he had finished, 
and committed to the printer a few months before his de- 
cease. ^ 

" * If we turn to take a moral view of this distinguished vo- 
tary of science, new motives will increase our esteem. What 
shall I say of the purity of his manners, his integrity and 
amiable virtues ? These are too strongly impressed on the 
minds of all, who knew him, to need description. He was 
possessed of great modesty, and a degree of reserve, appearing 
at times to indicate diffidence, in the view of those less ac- 
quainted. But this, itself, was an effusion of his goodness, 
which led to yielding accomodation in matters of minor con- 
cern : yet, however, when the interest of virtue, or society, 
required him to act, he formed his own opinion, and proceeded 
with unshaken firmness. Those intimately acquainted with 
him can bear witness ; and it is confirmed by invariable traits 
in his principles and practice, during life. 

" * The virtues of Dr. Smith were not compressed within 
the circle of human relations, which vanish with time. Con- 
templating the first cause, the connections and dependencies 
in the moral state, his mind was filled with a sense of inter- 
minable duties. He was a disciple of Jesus. The former 
president admired and loved him, and taught him Theology. 
An amiable spirit actuated his whole life, and added peculiar 
splendor to the closing scene. 

" ' His intense pursuit of science affected his constitution, 
and produced debility, which, more than two years before, 
began to be observed by his friends. It gradually increased, 
but not greatly to interrupt his applications till six weeks 
before his death. While I revive the affliction at his depart- 
ure, its accompanying circumstances will assuage our sorrow. 
The thoughts of his resignation to Divine Providence, through 
1 It was afterward published and much approved. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 217 

all the stages of a disease, that rapidly preyed upon his vitals, 
his composure, serenity, and Christian confidence, remain for 
the consolation of his friends, and instruction of all. 

"'The fame of Dr. Smith does not arise from wealth, nor 
descent from titled ancestors. It has no borrowed lustre. He 
was indebted wholly to his genius, his labors, and his virtues. 
His monument will exist in the hearts of his acquaintance ; 
and in the future respect of those, who shall derive advantage 
from his exertions. 

" ' In the immense loss, which his dear family sustain, they 
•have saved a precious legacy ; his example, and lessons of 
social and religious duties. The church, with mournful regret, 
will retain the tenderest affection for their venerable pastor. 
What shall I say of this seat of science, now covered with 
cypress? Those who have trod its hallowed walks, will never 
forget his instructions, nor the benevolent effusions of his 
heart. Where, in the ranges of cultivated society, is one to 
be found, qualified with those rare endowments, which can 
supply the chasm made by his death ? ' " 

We insert in its appropriate place the contract made with 
Professor Smith by President Wheelock.^ 

His first wife was Mary, daughter of Rev. Ebenezer Cleave- 
land, of Gloucester, Mass., his second wife was Susan, daugh- 
ter of David Mason, of Boston, Mass. 

Prof. Sylvanus Ripley, who filled the chair of Divin- 
ity from 1782 to 1787, was the son of Jonathan Ripley, and 
was born at Halifax, Mass., September 29, 1749. 

In introducing him to the favorable notice of Mr. Whee- 
lock, previous to the commencement of his religious life. Rev. 
William Patten says : " Gracious exercises alone excepted, I 
know not a more promising young man." 

Some extracts from President Wheelock's '' Narratives,'* 
relating to Prof. Ripley's missionary labors, are worthy of at- 
tention. 

" Mr. Sylvanus Ripley, who finished his course of collegi- 
ate studies here last fall, very cheerfully complied with the 
openings of Providence, to undertake a mission to the tribes 
1 See Appendix. 



218 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

in Canada, and accordingly prepared for that purpose, and 
set out with Lieut. Thomas Taylor, whom he had made choice 
of for his companion in that tour, as he had been long a cap- 
tive with the French and Indians in those parts, and was well 
acquainted with the customs of both, and with their country, 
and could serve him as an interpreter. He sat out July 17, 
well recommended to the Lieut.-governor and Commander-in- 
chief, and others of that province, by his Excellency Governor 
Wentworth, and others. The special design of his journey 
was to see what door, or doors, was, or might be opened for 
him, or others, to go as missionaries among them, to open a 
way for intercourse between them and this school, and obtain 
a number of suitable youth, if it may be, to receive an educa- 
tion here : in the choice of which, he will have special respect 
to the children, whose parents were in former wars captivated 
by the Indians, and were naturalized, and married among 
them." 

" September 26, 1772. A delay of sending the foregoing 
narrative to the press, gives an opportunity to oblige my 
friends with a short account of the success of Mr. Ripley's 
mission to Canada. 

" He returned on the 21st instant, with his companion and 
interpreter, Lieut. Taylor, and brought with them ten youths, 
eight belonging to the tribe at Caughnawaga, near Montreal, 
and two of the tribe at Lorette, near Quebec. Soon after his 
arrival at the former of these places, he made known to them 
the errand on which he was sent, and disclosed the proposal 
of sending a number of their children to this school for an 
education ; and left it to their consideration, till he should go 
and wait upon the Commander-in-chief of that province at 
Quebec. And after he had 'passed through the small-pox, 
which he took by inoculation, as it was judged unsafe for him 
to travel that country without it, he went to Quebec. But 
his Honor the Governor, as well as other English gentlemen, 
were apprehensive that the Indians were so bigoted to the 
Romish religion, that there was no hope of success, and ad- 
vised him not to go on that errand to Lorette : he accordingly 
returned without visiting them as he proposed. 

" But on his coming to Caughnawaga he found there two 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 219 

likely young men of the tribe at Lorette, who set out with 
a design to go to Sir William Johnson, with a single view to 
find a school in which they might get useful knowledge. 
They had heard nothing of Mr. Ripley, nor of any such design 
as he was upon in their favor, till they came to Caughnawaga, 
which is 180 miles on their way to Sir William's, and on hear- 
ing of the proposal Mr. Ripley had made, they waited five 
weeks at that place for his return, and on his coming complied 
with his offer of taking them into this school with cheerful- 
ness. The same day a council of the chiefs of that tribe was 
called to consider of the proposal of sending their children to 
this school, which Mr. Ripley had left to their consideration, 
in which they were to a man agreed in the affirmative, and 
acknowledged with gratitude the benevolence and kindness 
of the offer. They continued united and firm to the last in 
that determination against the most warm and zealous remon- 
strances of their priest, both in public and private ; in conse- 
quence of which determination, nine of their boys were made 
ready to accompany Mr. Ripley hither ; three of which were 
children or descendants from captives, who had been capti- 
vated when they were young, and lived with them till they 
were naturalized and married among them." 

A later " Narrative " says : 

" The beginning of May [1773], the Rev. Mr. Ripley and 
Mr. Dean sat out on a mission to visit the Indians at Penob- 
scott, and on the Bay of Fundy, as they should find encour- 
agement, agreeable to representations heretofore made of a 
door open for service among them." 

They had a good measure of success, in some respects, in 
this mission. 

The following tribute to Professor Ripley is from the 
" Memoirs of Wheelock." 

" In the winter of 1786-7, the college experienced the loss 
of an eminent instructor, the Rev. Sylvanus Ripley. He was 
suddenly called from his labors, in the vigor of life and the 
midst of extensive usefulness. 

" After taking his degree in 1771, in the first class which 
received the honors of the college, he continued with Mr. 
Wheelock as a tutor in the college. In 1775, he was ap- 



220 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

pointed master of Moor's Charity School, and in 1779, upon 
the decease of Dr. Wheelqck, he succeeded him in the pas- 
toral care of the church in the college, and soon after was 
elected professor of Divinity. Professor Ripley was a learned 
man, an orthodox divine, an evangelical and popular preacher. 
His eloquence had nothing artificial or studied. His sermons 
were seldom written ; his manner was pleasing and winning, 
his words flowed as promptly and readily in the pulpit as in 
the social circle." 

Professor Ripley died at Hanover, February 5, 1787, of in- 
juries received in a fall from his carriage, while returning 
from a religious service in a distant part of the town. 

His wife was Abigail, daughter of Pres. Eleazar Wheelock. 

Bezaleel Woodwaed, the first professor of mathematics 
in the college, was the son of Israel and Mary (Sims) Wood- 
ward, and a descendant of Henry Woodward of Dorchester, 
Mass., 1638, and Northampton, Mass., 1639, where he was 
one of the " seven pillars " of the church formed there in 1661. 
He was born at Lebanon, Conn., July 16, 1745, and graduated 
at Yale College in 1764. 

In 1767, Mr. Wheelock refers to him as an associate teach- 
er, and " a dear youth, willing to do anything in his power " to 
aid him. The school is said to have been put on a college basis, 
in the matter of study, in 1768, with Mr. Woodward as tutor. 

The following letter addressed to President Wheelock illus- 
trates the versatile nature of his talents : 

" Lebanon Sepr 6*1^ 1770. 
" ReV^ & HON^ Sir. 

" Bingham arrived home well last week, and proposes to 
set out with two teams about the 18"' Ins*. We have all of 
us been endeavouring to expedite the removal ever since he 
came home — but I fear Madam will not be able to set out so 
soon. She with Miss Nabby propose to ride in the Post 
Chaise as soon as they can possibly be ready. Hutchinson is 
to drive it for them. The Scholars will likely the' most of 
them foot it when Bingham goes. Abraham & Daniel seem to 
resent it that they in particular should be sat to drive the Cows 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 221 

the Doctor mentioned in his to me & the English Scholars be 
excused from it. I have not procured Cows as yet — we have 
all been doing & shall do every thing in our power. Madam 
is so weak that a little croud overcomes her, that she has her 
poor turns very often ; tho' on the whole I hope she is on the 
mending hand. I fear the fatigue of preparing & the journey 
will be too much for her — be sure unless she takes both very 
leisurely — but God is able to support her. By the tenor of 
the Doctor's Letters I apprehend he has forgot my proposed 
Journey to the eastward, which I would neglect, and with 
vigor pursue the grand object, the removal; for I see need 
enough that every one who is able to do any thing towards 
preparing should be doubly active now. I see eno' & more 
than eno' that is important and necessary to be done, & I 
never had a greater disposition to exert myself in getting 
things forward — but I have had such a croud of affairs on 
m}^ mind, & still have, & must have so long as I continue 
here, that my health is so much impaired, my constitution 
become so brittle, & my nerves so weak, that I am rendered 
entirely unfit for application to any business at present ; & 
therefore that I may be fit for some kind of business the en- 
suing winter I am advised and think it highly expedient & 
neccessary that I take my Journey soon (before I am rendered 
unable to do it) — and Providence seems to point out my duty 
to set out to-morrow, tho' it is with the greatest reluctance 
that I do it, on acco* of the need of help here, but I am unfit 
to do anything to purpose if I stay. M^ MacCluer will do all 
in his power, tho' he is obliged (agreeable to the Doctor's 
directions) to attend Comencement next week to collect Sub- 
scriptions — he'll do all he can before he goes, & after he re- 
turns — what is done must be done in a hurry and confusion, 
& what cannot be done must remain undone. We have been 
examining the Scholars this week (& find they make a pretty 
good appearance) besides which we have done all we could 
that I might leave affairs in the best manner. My present 
proposal is to go to Boston & settle affairs — thence to Salem 
& visit dear Doctor Whitaker — thence perhaps to Portsmouth 
— then either return & accompany Madam & Family to 
Cohos (which I think of doing if I can get back in season) — 



222 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

or go directly from Portsmouth to Colios — in either case I 
hope to be with the Doctor within a month. I want much — 
I long to see you. I want to do more, much more than I am 
able, to assist in removing — but the wise Governor of the 
Universe seems to forbid my doing much. I desire to commit 
the conduct of affairs to him. I shall endeavour as far as I 
am able to comply with all the D*" desires in his letters — 
shall carry the letter to M'^ Whitefield to Boston myself. I 
shall write to M"" Keen a general Sketch of affairs. I hope to 
be able wlien I see the D'^ & the Trustees meet to be able to 
determine what to do tlie ensuing winter. This Parish have 
M"^ Potter to preach next Sabath & expect M'^ Austin after 
that. M"^ Austin is now asleep in your house. I expect 
M^ Wheelock will be at home the last of next week or begin- 
ning of week after. Mary & Cloe I expect will ride up in 
the Carts. Porter, Judson & Collins are to set out next 
Monday (at their desire) that they may assist in making 
preparation. School must (I think) unavoidably break up 
till they remove. Scholars have been much engaged in study 
(especially in the Art of Speaking) since the Doctor went 
away. If Scholars are engaged Instructors must be so too — 
and if Instructors are diligent and faithful. Scholars will make 
improvement. We cannot learn that the duty on tea is taken 
off ; and I expect difficulty in disposing of Bills ; but shall do 
the best I can. I have tho'ts of carrying a Set to Boston. Is 
it not best to desire Miss Zurviah [Sprague] not to engage 
herself in business 'till the Doctor's mind can be known re- 
specting her going to Cohos — I know not where one can be 
had to supply her place (omnibus consideratio) -^will the D'^ 
write his mind respecting it in his next ? I have many things 
to say ; but it is now between 1 & 2 o'Clock in y® morning, 
and I find nature flags. I could get no other time to write. 
I have neither time nor strength to copy, therefore hope the 
D'" will excuse the scrawl from him who is with much duty & 
esteem Rev*^ & hon^ Sir, 

" Your obedient and humble Serv*. 

"Beza Woodward. 

" N. B. Family are all asleep. Please give love to Ripley 
&c. &c. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 223 

The " Memoirs of Wheelock " contain the following para- 
graph relating to Professor Woodward : 

" At the anniversary commencement of 1804, the Honor- 
able Bezaleel Woodward, professor of Mathematics and Phi- 
losophy, departed this life. He had fulfilled the duties of a 
professor and Tutor from the foundation of the college. His 
profound knowledge of the abstruse and useful science of 
Mathematics, the facility of his instructions in natural and 
experimental Philosophy and Ethics, his condescending and 
amiable manners, will be long and gratefully remembered by 
those who have received the benefit of his instructions." 

The " Monthly Anthology and Massachusetts Magazine " 
for September, 1804, has the following notice of Professor 
Woodward : 

" Died at Hanover, New Hampshire, August 25, Hon. Beza- 
leel Woodward, Professor of Mathematics and Philosophy 
in Dartmouth College. Professor Woodward was born at 
Lebanon, in the State of Connecticut. In the twentieth year 
of his age he graduated at Yale QoUege, 1764. After a few 
years successfully employed in the ministry, he was elected a 
tutor in this university. Here he soon displayed such tal- 
ents and improvements, such readiness of thought and ease of 
communication, that he was appointed to the office of pro- 
fessor in Mathematics and Philosopby. The dignity with 
which he discharged the duties of his station is witnessed by 
all who have shared in his instruction. In the civil depart- 
ment, and as a member of society, he was no less eminent 
than as an instructor in college. We might also add his 
usefulness in the church of Christ at this place, of which he 
was long a worthy member, and high in the esteem and affec- 
tions of his Christian brethren. 

" His remains were interred on Tuesday, the 28th. The 
Rev. Doctor Smith delivered upon the occasion a well-adapted 
discourse. The ofificers. Trustees, and members of the col- 
lege joined as mourners with the afiicted family, and the 
solemities were attended by a very numerous collection of 
friends and acquaintance. 

" The alumni of Dartmouth will join with its present officers 
and members in deploring the loss of a faithful and able 



224 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

instructor. Those who visited him in his late illness have 
had a specimen of decaying greatness, alleviated by an ap- 
proving conscience, and sustained by resignation and hope. 
The friends of science will lament the departure of one of its 
enlightened patrons. Society sympathizes with the bereaved 
family, retaining a lively sense of his public and domestic vir- 
tues ; and a numerous acquaintance will mingle their grief in 
bemoaning the loss of a sincere friend, a valuable citizen, and 
an exemplary Christian." 

The records of the public life of Professor Woodward are 
thoroughly interwoven with the history of northern New Eng- 
land. Few pioneers in the valley of the upper Connecticut 
did more to promote the general welfare of the community. 

His wife was Mary, daughter of Pres. Eleazar Wheelock. 



CHAPTER XXI. 

PROF. JOHN HUBBARD. — PROF. ROSWELL SHURTLEFF. 

Prof. John Hubbard succeeded Professor Woodward. 
We quote from a published eulogy by Rev. Elijah Parish, 
D. D., his college classmate. 

" The Hon. John Hubbard, the son of John and Hannah 
(Johnson) Hubbard, late Professor of Mathematics and Nat- 
viral Philosophy in this university, was born in Townsend, 
Mass., August 8, 1759. Dark and dismal was the dawn 
of that life, which has been so fair and luminous. Five 
months before his birth his father died, and this, in his last 
moments, when his children stood weeping round his dying 
bed, he made use of as an argument of consolation to them, 
entreating them not to weep, for God had taken care of him 
when a fatherless infant. During his minority most of his 
time vras employed in the labors of agriculture. At the age 
of twenty-one he commenced his studies, and the next year 
became a member of this institution. In the second year of 
his residence at college, when many were awakened to a re- 
ligious sense of divine things, our friend was one of the happy 
number. His subsequent life and death have proved that his 
conversion was not imaginary. While this increases our loss, 
it is the best reason for consolation. 

" In his college life Mr. Hubbard was a youthful cedar of 
Lebanon. He gave visible tokens of his approaching emi- 
nence. So tenacious was his memory, that his progress in 
the languages was remarkably rapid. While he lived, the 
Greek and Roman writers were his amusement ; and with a 
taste refined, he was charmed with their classic beauties ; his 
memory was stored with numerous favorite passages. 

" On leaving college, his love of study, his delight in re- 

15 



226 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

ligioiis inquiries, liis devout regard for the best interests of 
man, led him to the study of theology. Becoming a preacher 
of the gospel, his voice, naturally small and feeble, was found 
to be ill adapted to such an employment. After a fair exper- 
iment his good sense forbade him to persevere. The transi- 
tion was easy to his * delightful task to teach the young idea 
how to shoot,' and form the minds of youth to science and 
virtue. Of the academy in New Ipswich he was elected pre- 
ceptor. Under his able instruction that seminary rose to dis- 
tinction, and became a favorite of the public. Some who 
were his pupils are already eminent in the walks of litera- 
ture. 

'' After several years, quitting this situation, he was ap- 
pointed Judge of Probate for the County of Cheshire. This 
office was peculiarly adapted to that gentle and tender phil- 
anthrophy for which lie was remarkable. It was luxury to 
him to comfort the widow and the fatherless. The blended 
resolution and exquisite sensibilities of his heart qualified him, 
in a singular manner, impartially to weigh the claims of jus- 
tice and compassion. But this situation was not congenial 
with his love of study, and his delight in the instruction of 
youth, which was so pleasant, that he declared he would make 
it the business of his life. Accordingly he accepted the invi- 
tation of Deerfield Academy, Massachusetts, where for several 
years he continued with great reputation. After the death 
of Professor Woodward, who had, from its origin, been an 
able instructor in this university, he was elected his successor 
in the Professorship of Mathematics and Philosophy. So high 
was his reputation, that a successor of common attainments 
could not have satisfied the raised expectations of the public. 
To supply the place of such a man was the arduous task as- 
signed to Mr. Hubbard. His success equaled the fond hopes 
of his friends. Here you rejoiced in his light ; here he spent 
his last and his best days ; here he had full scope for the vari- 
ous, the versatile powers of his vigorous mind. His amiable 
virtues, his profound learning, you cheerfully acknowledged. 

" He had a happy facility in illustrating the practical ad- 
vantages of every science. He not only explained its prin 
ciples, but traced its relation to other branches of knowledge. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 227 

Not satisfied by merely ascertaining facts, he explored the 
cause, the means, the ultimate design of their existence. 

" Though he has been my intimate friend from cheerful 
youth, yet neither inspired by his genius, nor enriched with 
his attainments, it is not possible I should do justice to his 
merits. His person, muscular and vigorous, indicated the en- 
ergy of his mind. Every feature of his face expressed the 
mildness of his spirit ; never did I witness in him the appear- 
ance of anger. Without that undescribable configuration 
which constitutes beauty, his countenance was pleasing and 
commanded respect. Without formality or art, his manners 
were refined and delicate ; his address was conciliatory and 
winning. By his social and compliant temper he was calculated 
for general society. Though instructed ' in the learning of 
Egypt,' and the civilized world, he was too discreet and be- 
nevolent to humble others by his superior lustre. His light 
was mild and clear, like that of the setting sun. He had 
no ambition to shine, or to court applause. More disposed to 
make others pleased with themselves than to excite their admi- 
ration, it is not strange that he was universally beloved. His 
heart was impressed with an exquisite sense of moral obliga- 
tions. In every passing event, in every work of nature, the 
formation of a lake, a river, a cataract, a mountain, he saw 
God. When as a philosopher, surrounded with the apparatus 
of science, extending his researches to the phenomena of the 
universe, amazed at the minuteness of some objects, astonished 
at the magnitude and magnificence of others, his mind was 
transported ; when he explored the heavens, and saw worlds 
balancing worlds, and other suns enlightening other systems, 
his senses were ravished with the wisdom, the power, the 
goodness of the Almighty Architect. On these subjects he 
often declaimed, with the learning of an astronomer, the sim- 
plicity of an apostle, the eloquence of a prophet. He illus- 
trated the moral and religious improvement of the sciences ; 
the views of his students were enlarged ; the sciences became 
brilliant stars to irradiate the hemisphere of Christianity. 
The perfect agreement between sound learning and true re- 
ligion was a favorite theme of his heart. This remark is con- 
firmed by his conversation, his letters, his lectures. 



228 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

*' In theology his researches were not those of a polemic 
divine, but of a Christian, concerned for his own salvation 
and the salvation of others." 

Professor Hubbard published several works, one of them 
being entitled " Rudiments of Geography." He died at Han- 
over, August 14, 1810. 

His wife was Rebecca, daughter of Dr. John Preston, of 
New Ipswich. 

Mr. RoswELL Shuetleff was elected the second profes- 
sor of Divinity in the college. We give some of the more 
important points in a published " Discourse," by Professor 
Long : 

" Roswell Shurtleff, the son of William and Hannah (Cady) 
Shurtleff, was born at Ellington, then East Windsor, Ct., 
August 29, 1773. He was the youngest of nine children, 
two of whom died before he was born. From his earliest 
years he was fond of reading, and at school he was called a 
good scholar. His religious training was carefully attended 
to, and to this, and the Christian example which accompanied 
it, he ascribed his conversion, and the views he subsequently 
embraced of the Christian doctrines. 

" When he was seven or eight years old he had many 
serious thoughts of God and duty. The requirement that he 
should give up all for God, as he understood it, filled him with 
gloom. 

" During several of the subsequent years, the subject of 
religion dwelt on his mind, and he was occasionally deeply 
impressed. One of the difficult things was to comprehend the 
notion of faith. The promise was : ' He that believeth and 
is baptized shall be saved.' He believed, as he supposed, and 
he had been baptized, but he could not feel that he was safe. 
Must he believe that he, personally, should be saved ? But 
what if he mistook his own character, and believed what was 
false ; would his opinion of his safety make him safe. He was 
ashamed to be known as a religious inquirer, and, therefore, 
remained longer in darkness. Finding that he had been ob- 
served by his father to have become a more diligent student 
of the Scriptures, he left the practice of reading them before 




Rev. ROSWELL SHURTLEFF, D. D. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 229 

the family. Sometimes, assuming a false appearance of in- 
difference, he carried his difficulties to his mother, who was 
able to furnish a satisfactory solution. She seems to have 
been a person of unusual intelligence as well as goodness. 
Her memory was ever cherished by him with the most grate- 
ful affection, as it regarded his own spiritual progress. He 
believed that he suffered unspeakable loss from the conceal- 
ment of his early feelings on the subject of religion, and did 
not doubt that many failed of conversion from this foolish re- 
serve. It was not till a number of years after this that his 
religious life commenced. 

*' The only school which young Shurtleff had the oppor- 
tunity of attending, before his eighteenth or nineteenth year, 
was the common school of the district. He made good profi- 
ciency, but nothing worthy of note occurred in relation to his 
studies till he was about fifteen years of age. He then be- 
gan to think, as he says. Before that time, he had repeated 
by rote whatever he had been taught. The first impulse to 
reflection was a new discovery. He had been taught from 
childhood that accent is a stress of voice laid on some syllable 
or letter of a word. But this definition had not been illus- 
trated by an example, and the classification of words by their 
accent, in the spelling-book, he had never understood. The 
definition had been to him an unmeaning collection of words. 
He now discovered what it meant. This was in itself a tri- 
fling event, but it led to the further discovery that other 
things, which he had been accustomed, parrot-like, to repeat 
memoriter, had a meaning ; that the meaning of things was 
that which the student should be set to learn, and that his 
own education had, in this view, been greatly neglected. He 
says that a new world seemed to be opened to his view ; that 
nothing now appeared so important as an opportunity to re- 
flect on what he had learned, and that he was greatly dis- 
pleased with the instructors by whom he had been so badly 
cheated. He resolved that, if ever he should be a teacher, he 
would propose it to himself, as his leading object, to make his 
pupils understand whatever they should study. This resolu- 
tion he afterward had the opportunity of carrying into effect 
in five or six winter schools ; and his attempt was attended 
with gratifying success. 



230 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" It was the opinion of Dr. Shurtleff, grounded on his own 
experience as learner and teacher, that too much importance 
is attached to the books used in schools ; that the end to be 
reached is too generally regarded as the learning of the book 
rather than the mastery of the subject, and that books are 
too often prepared mainly with a view to abridge the labor 
of the teacher. He believed that, while the pupil might, 
through the text-book, possess himself of the knowledge of 
others, he was in danger of acquiring little which could be 
called his own. 

" In consequence of using his eyes too soon, after his recov- 
ery from tlie measles, when he was about seventeen years old, 
Shurtleff was almost wholly cut off from the reading of books 
for two years, and he never afterward perfectly recovered 
from the injury resulting from this imprudence. He made 
some proficiency, however, by listening to the reading of 
others. About two years after this affliction he entered the 
academy at Chesterfield, N. H., whither his father's family 
had removed a few years before. He attended first to Eng- 
lish studies. The weakness of his eyes continued, and he was 
considerably embarrassed for a time from the necessity of using 
the eyes of his friends. At length he commenced the study 
of Latin, going through Ross' Grammar, the only one then 
in use, in just two weeks, and then beginning to construe and 
parse in Corderius. 

" He met, at the academy, one who had been his school- 
fellow and playmate, and with whom he was intimately asso- 
ciated from that time till the end of his college course, — the 
late Hon. Levi Jackson, who died at Chesterfield in 1821. 
They got out their lessons together, taking turns in looking 
out new words ; and afterward, at college, where they were 
classmates and room-mates, continued the practice. Dr. 
Shurtleff felt under great obligations to this friend and helper, 
and said that ' few friendships among men had been more 
ardent, confiding and permanent.' 

" Shurtleff had supposed, at first, that the Greek language 
was beyond his reach, on account of his infirmity of sight. 
But some improvement having taken place, he ventured to 
commence the study. He went through the Westminster 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. • 231 

Greek Grammar, the book then in use, in one week, and be- 
gan to read the Gospel of John. Having completed the New 
Testament, and read several books of Homer's Iliad, he was 
reputed in the school as tolerably versed in Greek. He and 
Jackson studied from the love of study, and did not think of 
college till a year before they applied for admission, at Com- 
mencement, in 1797, and entered the Junior class in this in- 
stitution. 

" The round of college duties presents few marked events. 
Time has left no record of most of the occurrences which di- 
versified and enlivened the period from 1797 to 1799. How 
the two friends studied, and read, and discussed, and recreated 
together, has been lost, just as the facts of our daily life will 
be lost sixty years hence. They made constant and good 
progress. They were about equally good scholars, neither of 
them being a dead weight upon the other. Each was happy 
in the other's proficiency. The amount of learning I'equisite 
for a degree was less then than now. Sciences have been in- 
troduced into the course which were then in their infancy. 
But it may be doubted whether the students of our d?ij have 
the advantage over those of an earlier period, in respect to 
thoroughness as well as extent of attainment. They read 
fewer books, in the first years of the college, but they thought 
the more. They were as well disciplined and able, and as 
competent to handle a difiicult subject, I imagine, as our stu- 
dents, if they were not as well informed. We know from 
the esteem in which Shurtleff was held by the Trustees and 
Faculty, as it appeared not long after his graduation, that he 
was one of the best scholars of his time. 

" Peculiar interest attaches to the religious experience of 
Shurtleff during his college course. 

" He had performed some of the duties of a Christian before 
he supposed himself to possess the Christian character. The 
first school he taught he opened daily with prayer, persevering 
in the practice as a conscientious duty, in spite of many mis- 
givings and much timidity. And this he did in every school 
he afterward taught. He kept up the habit of secret prayer, 
at the same time, asking more earnestly than for anything 
else, that his weak eyes might be cured, and that he might 
have the means of intellectual improvement. 



232 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" He seems to have supposed that during his senior winter 
vacation he became a true Christian. 

" Soon after his return to college, he intimated a desire to 
a classmate, who, as he supposed, was the only professor of 
religion in the class, to join with others m a private meeting 
for religious conference and prayer. He had never attended, 
or even heard of such a meeting. After a little delay he was 
surprised to learn from his friend that such a meeting as he 
had proposed had been held for years, and that he was desired 
to attend. On the Saturday evening following, he and five or 
six other persons assembled, and by the free interchange of 
thought and feeling, and the apparently humble prayers that 
were offered, he felt himself greatly refreshed and quickened. 
On leaving college he regretted the loss of nothing more than 
of these Saturday evening conference meetings. 

" The time had now come for choosing a profession. His 
success in teaching led him to seek for a situation in an acad- 
emy ; but no opening of this kind presented itself, and he be- 
lieved himself thus providentially called to preach the gospel. 
There were at the time no theological seminaries ; the stu- 
dents of the distinguished clergymen who gave instruction in 
theology were supposed to represent the views of their 
teacher ; and that he might not be thought to go forth as the 
advocate of some exceptionable ism, Mr. Shurtleff chose to 
study theology by himself. Having pursued this course one 
year, he was appointed a tutor in the college, and at the same 
time was licensed to preach. The pressure of a considerable 
debt hastened the period of obtaining license, but we may be 
certain, from the opportunities subsequently enjoyed, and 
from the character of the man, that any deficiency he may 
have felt at first, from hasty preparation, was abundantly 
supplied. 

" Mr. Shurtleff continued in the tutorship from 1800 to 
1804, and was also engaged, for the greater part of the time, 
in preaching in vacant parishes. 

" After the close of the four years' tutorship, Mr. Shurtleff 
was appointed a professor of Divinity in the college. It was 
a part of his duty to preach to the students and the people of 
the village. The church was at that time Presbyterian. The 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 233 

predecessor of Professor Shurtleff — Professor Sylvanus Rip- 
ley — had been the pastor of this church. Since his death, 
in 1787, Dr. John Smith, professor of Languages, previously 
associate pastor with Professor Ripley, had been the sole pastor 
of the church. Dr. Backus, of Conn., Dr. Worcester, of 
Salem, and Dr. Alexander, of Princeton, had been appointed 
at different times to the vacant professorship, but all had 
declined, in consequence, as it was supposed, of the influence 
of Dr. John Wheelock, the second president of the college. 
Professor Shurtleff accepted the ofiioe, expecting that the same 
causes which had kept it so long vacant would render it an 
uncomfortable post. The difficulties which he feared, he was 
called to encounter. The president wished him to become 
the colleague of Professor Smith in the pastoral office, but he 
refused, — agreeing in his decision with the views of the largest 
part of the church and of the village. In consequence of this 
disagreement, a controversy ensued which lasted several years, 
and ended in the law-suit between the college and the State, 
in 1816-17. In July, 1805, twenty-two persons, professors 
of religion, were constituted '• The Congregational Church at 
Dartmouth College.' To this church, and the religious society 
of which it was a part. Professor Shurtleff was invited to 
preach, performing pastoral labors so far as his other duties 
would permit. Professor Smith was, meanwhile, the pastor 
of the Presbyterian church till the time of his death, in April, 
1809. Professor Shurtleff was ordained as an evangelist, at 
Lyme, N. H., in 1810. He continued in this relation until 
the year 1827. 

" The literary labors of his office would have been quite 
sufficient to occupy all his time. In addition to these, an 
amount of work nearly equal to that of any pastor of a church 
was imposed on him — fully equal, perhaps, we shall say, if 
we consider the character of the congregation to whom he 
ministered. He was faithful and assiduous, both as a preacher 
and a pastor. But he performed the many duties of his sta- 
tion with acceptance and success. And he had the satisfac- 
tion of seeing that his efforts were crowned with the special 
blessing of God. In 1805 God displayed his saving power 
among the students and people of the village. As many as 



234 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

forty persons became Christians during the revival. But the 
most extensive and powerful work of grace, probably, which 
the church ever enjoyed was that of 1815. The revival be- 
gan in the hearts of God's people. Some of the pious stu- 
dents resolved that they would every day talk with some 
unconverted person respecting the interests of his soul. The 
effect of this soon appeared in a general religious awakening. 
In one week forty persons expressed hope in Christ, and in 
four weeks as many as one hundred and twenty persons were 
supposed to be converted. There were also revivals in 1819, 
1821, and 1826, — -that of 1821 being the most extensive, and 
embracing among the converts a greater number of citizens 
than of students. Public religious meetings were less numer- 
ous during the revivals than in most of those of a later period. 
It was before the day of protracted meetings. Perhaps there 
was less reliance then on means, and more on the Spirit of 
God. It was not thought necessary that business should be 
suspended, and every day converted into a Sabbath. But 
such means as the state of feeling seemed to require were 
faithfully used. Professor Shurtleff was never happier than 
when engaged in conversation with inquirers, or in conduct- 
ing meetings for conference and prayer. The informality and 
freedom of these meetings made them attractive. They were 
probably quite as useful as the more regular ministrations of 
the pulpit. The speaker can say that he never visited a more 
solemn place than the old district, school-house — which stood 
where the brick school-house now stands — often was, on a 
Sunday evening during the progress of a conference meeting. 
A distinguished professor of a neighboring college, who was 
here in 1815, says that ' The evidence of an increasing serious- 
ness among the students at large, in that revival, was first 
shown, so far as I can recollect, by the more crowded attend- 
ance at these meetings.' Not that the more formal services 
of the Sabbath were not also impressive and profitable. The 
same gentleman says of the preaching of Professor Shurtleff 
at this time : ' The general impression made on me by sev- 
eral of his sermons I remember to the present day. I liked to 
hear him preach, even before I took any especial interest in 
religion as a personal concern. His sermon on the text, 



DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 235 

" The harvest is past, the summer is ended," etc., produced 
a deep effect at the time of its delivery which was not 
soon forgotten. I remember the stiUness and solemnity of 
the audience. This sermon must have been delivered some 
little time before the revival.' The same gentleman further 
states, that ' During the whole of this revival, and the gather- 
ing in of the fruits of it into the church. Professor Shurtleff 
was the leading instrument of the work, so far as human 
agency was concerned. He went into it with his whole heart. 
I have seen him and his excellent wife almost overpowered 
with jo}^ when told of a new case of conversion among the 
students. He did a great deal — all that one man could do, 
as it seemed to me — to promote the good work by his own 
personal efforts.' It is in the power of the speaker to give 
similar testimony respecting the revival of 1821, 

" When Professor Shurtleff entered upon the duties of his 
professorship, and for many years afterward, he met with 
much opposition. But his position was constantly growing 
stronger, both as it respects the sympathy of his Christian 
brethren and the clergy, and his popularity as an instructor. 
I have not been able to learn that there was a whisper of dis- 
content with his instructions during the whole of the period 
from 1804 to 1827. The testimony of one of the best students 
of the Class of 1816 is, that 'As an instructor, particularly in 
Moral Philosophy, he was much thought of ; and we were 
careful never to miss one of his recitations on this subject. 
His way of putting questions, and answering such as were 
proposed to himself, showed great judgment and shrewdness.' 
Quite a number of persons in the classes for seven or eight 
years following the time here referred to, were preeminent as 
scholars and as men. May not the fact be partly accounted 
for by the impulse and guidance of the mind of this in- 
structor? He constituted a large portionof the faculty from 
1815 to 1819, there being at that time only two professors, — 
Professor Adams and Professor Shurtleff. The graduates of 
the college who had been his pupils were never backward in 
acknowledging their obligations to him. 

" In 1810, Professor Shurtleff was united in marriage with 
Miss Anna Pope, only daughter of Rev. Joseph Pope of 



236 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

Spencer, Mass. Of her he said, ' She was truly an helpmeet 
— one who did me good and not evil all the days of her life.' 
By her vivacity and cheerfulness she was eminently fitted to 
comfort him in his hours of suffering and depression. But it 
pleased God to take her from him in March, 1826, after hav- 
ing enjoyed with her, during sixteen years, a degree of do- 
mestic happiness which rarely falls to the lot of man. He 
also lost two children, sons, in 1820, after a brief illness. 
Respecting the oldest, he had already begun to indulge very 
pleasing anticipations, although he was less than five years old 
at the time of his decease. Little did the speaker then know, 
when helping to carry to the grave the remains of these chil- 
dren, who, if they had survived, would now have been men .of 
mature age, what hopes he was assisting to bury ! But who 
knows the future ? It was better they should die, than that 
they should live to dishonor him and themselves. The hus- 
band and father mourned incessantly, though not without 
resignation, for these bereavements, till the time of his own 
death. 

" In 1825, Professor Shurtleff was in very feeble health, 
from the spring till Commencement. The Trustees adjourned 
at that time to reassemble in November, supposing it might 
be necessary then to appoint another professor of Divinity. 
But by the blessing of God on medical advice and careful 
nursing, he was able to resume instruction before the meeting 
of the Trustees. 

" In January, 1827, Professor Shurtleff was transferred 
from the professorship of Divinity to one newly established, 
of Moral Philosophy and Political Economy, which he filled 
till the year 1838, when, by his own resignation, his active 
labors in the college ceased. It was understood, when this 
appointment was made, that Professor Shurtleff should in- 
struct in all the Senior classes, and should also hear the reci- 
tations of other classes in particular branches. During the 
last half of this period, he preached in vacant neighboring 
parishes. No particular account of the literary labors of these 
years can be required. Any one of them may be regarded as 
a fair sample of the rest. A member of the class of 1828 can 
testify that that class greatly enjoyed his instructions. We 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 237 

never heard the summons to the recitation -room without 
pleasure. We were always interested and excited, always 
profited. The questions were put by the professor in * the 
plainest Saxon. They were well adapted to develop the 
knowledge or the ignorance of the student, as the case might 
be, but not to give him undue assistance. If there was any- 
thing in the text-book which was obscure, the questions made 
it plain. A clearly wrong opinion advanced by an author was 
briefly, yet thoroughly, exposed. His own opinions were 
lucidly stated and sustained, and for the time being, at least, 
we seldom saw reason to differ from him. The recitation was 
enlivened with anecdote, illustration, and wit, and never 
dragged heavily. If our objections were sometimes curtly 
silenced, it was so effectually and handsomely done that we 
bore it with perfect good-nature. He ever lent a willing ear 
to our real difficulties, and assisted in their removal. To- 
gether with unusual freedom in the mode of conducting the 
recitations, there was good order and earnest attention to the 
subject in hand. He knew how to control us, while he had 
with us all the sympathy of a young man and an equal. I 
think it was the opinion of the class that Professor Shurtleff, 
in his ripe manhood, had few equals as an instructor. 

*' At the time of his retirement, in 1838, Dr. Shurtleff had 
been in the service of the college thirty-eight years. After 
what manner he has lived among us since that time, most of 
this audience know. He has not been noticeably active in the 
affairs of the village, but when you have met him in private 
intercourse, you have known that he retained the fine social 
qualities — the love of story-telling, and the keen, yet harm- 
less wit — for which he was always remarkable. Those 
whose memory goes back thirty years, must have noticed, I 
think, that he became more uniformly serene and cheerful^ in 
the latter part of his life. The old graduates of the college 
who revisited the place know how cordially he received them, 
and with what hearty zest he recalled with them the scenes 
of their college days. He continued to be deeply interested 
in the prosperity of the college, and he was the means of elicit- 
ing in its behalf the interest and the benevolence of his friends. 
He continued the habit, commenced at an early period, of as- 



238 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

sisting students who were in needy circumstances. These 
were objects of benevolence toward which he was naturally 
draVn. In his feelings he never grew old, but carried for- 
ward the vivacity of youth into old age, and always enjoyed 
the society of the young. He loved to have j^oung men about 
him ; and he has thus, by his unobtrusive charities and coun- 
sels, and his interesting and instructive conversation, been a 
benefactor to a large number of students. The spiritual wel- 
fare of the college was near his heart. He had passed through 
many revivals of religion, and he longed for the return of such 
seasons. He devoutly observed the days set apart for prayer 
for colleges, and, as you remember, often urged the students, 
assembled on those occasions, to give their hearts to God. 

'' When he left his post as an instructor he was sixty-five 
years old. After this he had more than twenty-two years of 
leisure, during which he retained, in a remarkable degree, the 
vigor of his intellectual powers. But he had good and suffi- 
cient reasons, as he judged, for his resignation ; and no new 
and suitable field of labor presenting itself to a man who 
wanted but a few years of threescore and ten, he could enjoy 
the offered leisure with a good conscience, occupying it with 
such pursuits as his taste suggested. Even at the time when 
his labors were the most multiplied, and the church and the 
college were successively engaged in bitter controversy, he had 
but little to do with administrative and practical matters. 
Even then a life of reflection appeared to be more attractive 
than a life of action. And when his public duties were ended, 
he naturally chose such a life. He was still intellectually 
active. He could not let his faculties sink into sluggish re- 
pose if he would. His temperament would not suffer it. If 
he was not a hard student, he was, what he had always been, 
a thinking man to the last." 

In a published notice of Professor Shurtleff, by Professor 
(now President) Brown, we find the following language : 

" The life of Dr. Shurtleff extended over the largest and 
most important part of that of the institution itself. For 
nearly twenty years he was college preacher, and at the same 
time pastor of the church on Hanover Plain, — during which 
period more than two hundred persons connected themselves 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 239 

with the church, a large proportion of them by original pro- 
fession. In the contest of the college with the State, he and 
the late venerable Professor Adams, with the president, con- 
stituted the permanent Faculty for instruction and govern- 
ment. Upon the issues then presented he exerted a full 
measure of influence, though it was comparatively quiet and 
private. 

" As a professor, Dr. Shurtlelf had some remarkable quali- 
ties. He possessed a mind of extraordinary subtleness and 
acuteness, ever alert, active and ingenious. Whatever he 
saw, he saw distinctly, and was able, with equal clearness, to 
express to another. If a student were really perplexed, he 
knew how to relieve him by a pertinent example or illustra- 
tion, but it was generally done by a question or a suggestion 
which demanded the activity of the student's own mind, and 
disciplined while it helped him. If a pupil, on the other 
hand, were captious, or conceited, he was apt to find himself, 
before he suspected it, inextricably entangled in a web of con- 
tradictions, where he was sometimes left till he came to a 
sense of his weakness, or till he was dismissed with the benign 
declaration that ' he might sit.' 

" Dr. Shurtleff's wit was sharp and pungent, and on any 
occasion which involved the exercise of it he was quite equal 
to his part. He sometimes engaged in controversy, and 
versed as he was in all logical art, those who encountered him 
once were seldom anxious to provoke a second contest. His 
opinions, both religious and philosophical, were early settled 
and firmly held. He was in nothing given to change ; his 
friends were generally the friends of his life, and those who 
were familiar with his habits of thought could easily tell 
where, upon any given question, he would probably be found. 

" His interest in young men was a noticeable trait in Dr. 
Shurtleff's character, while preacher to the college ; the effect 
of his private conversations and friendly advice was almost 
equal to that of his public ministrations. His quiet study 
was often the scene of meetings for prayer or religious con- 
versation from which were carried away influences for good, 
never to be forgotten, and for which many were grateful to 
their dying day. 



240 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" The efforts of deserving young men to obtain a liberal 
education always excited his sympathy, and there has seldom 
been a time for many years when some such one has not been 
a member of his own family, aided and encouraged by his 
kindness. The number thus assisted no one can now tell, nor 
probably could he himself. It was greater than most persons 
would think possible. 

*' The last twenty years of his life Dr. Shurtleff spent in 
dignified retirement, in the enjoyment of a competency, and 
in full exercise of his faculties. He especially enjoyed the 
visits of former pupils, no one of whom seemed to be lost from 
his retentive memory, and the annual commencements were 
always exhilarating reunions to him. His conversation, at 
such times especially, abounded in anecdote and reminis- 
cences of earlier days, and his cheerfulness survived to the 
end. He has seldom, of late years, taken part in any public 
service, the last time he did so being at the meeting of the 
alumni of Dartmouth in 1859, to initiate measures for prop- 
erly noticing the death of Mr. Choate." 

A volume would be required to set forth adequately the 
value of the public services of this distinguished educator, 
who acted a most important part in strengthening the foun- 
dations and adorning the superstructure of a leading literary 
institution. Professor Shurtleff died at Hanover, February 
4, 1861. 



CHAPTER XXII. 

PROFESSOK EBENEZER ADAMS. —PROFESSOR ZEPHANIAH S. 
MOORE. — PROFESSOR CHARLES B. HADDOCK. 

Professor Ebenezer Adams succeeded Professor Hub- 
bard. From a reliable source we have received, in substance, 
the following statements : 

"Ebenezer Adams, the son of Ephraim and Rebecca (Locke) ' 
Adams, was born at New Ipswich, N. H., October 2, 1765. 
His father was a farmer in moderate circumstances, and 
having a large family of children, nineteen in all, he could not 
give them many educational advantages, but they shared in 
such as were commonly enjoyed in those days. The subject 
of this sketch, however, earnestly desired something more ; he 
had set his heart upon obtaining a higher education, and ulti- 
mately succeeded in doing so. After becoming nearly or 
quite of age, he commenced preparation for Dartmouth Col- 
lege, which he entered in 1787, graduating with honor in 
1791, and in the following year he became preceptor of 
Leicester Academy, where he remained fourteen years, la- 
boring faithfully and very successfully in the instruction of 
those under his care. While there he married, in 1795, Miss 
Alice Frink, of Rutland, Mass., who died early, leaving five 
young children. In 1806 he removed to Portland, where he 
engaged as teacher in the academy, and it was while resid- 
ing there that he came under the pastoral care of Rev. Dr. 
Payson, and in a time of general revival he was deeply inter- 
ested in religious truth and became a subject of renewing 
grace. He publicly professed his faith in Christ and united 
with Dr. Payson's church. While there he formed a second 
marriage with Miss Beulah Minot, of Concord, Mass., who 
became the mother of his two youngest children, and the sub- 

16 



242 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

sequent year he taught in Phillips Academy, Exeter, but he 
did not long remain there. 

" In 1809, he was called to Dartmouth College, where for 
one year he was Professor of Languages, and was then trans- 
ferred to the professorship of Mathematics, Natural Philoso- 
phy, and Astromony, which he held until the appointment of 
a successor, in 1833. As a teacher he was faithful, patient, 
laborious, earnestly desiring the best good of his pupils, whose 
affection he often succeeded in gaining, their esteem always. 
Possessed of much intellectual force, of sound and varied 
attainments in learning, which he had the happy faculty of 
imparting to others clearly and distinctly, he was thus emi- 
nently fitted for the position of instructor, so many years occu- 
pied by him. He was truly devoted to the interests of the 
college, and ever ready to make efforts and sacrifices for it, 
and in those dark days, when its fate hung in suspense, he was 
deeply anxious, and had no small share in aiding and sustain- 
ing it through the struggle. During President Brown's ill- 
ness, and after his death, for more than two years in all, he 
filled the office of president in addition to his own, thus hav- 
ing a great increase of care and responsibility, and the same 
thing occurred on other occasions, when the college was tem- 
porarily without a head. He did not enjoy the situation, for 
while he truly delighted in teaching, he found the enforcement 
of discipline very irksome ; still he was faithful and energetic 
in it when it became his duty. 

" He was interested in every good cause, philanthropic and 
religious, especially in the Bible Society, of which he was for 
many years the presiding officer in New Hampshire ; in the 
Colonization Society, which he then thought the only possible 
agency for removing the curse of Slavery ; in Foreign Mis- 
sions and in Temperance, of which he was an earnest and able 
advocate. In this connection it should be mentioned that he 
was Trustee and Treasurer of Kimball Union Academy, at 
Meriden, almost from its first commencement until nearly the 
close of his life, and in the success and prosperity of that in- 
stitution he always felt a deep interest, and labored to pro- 
mote its welfare. 

" After his resignation in 1833, he devoted much of his lei- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 243 

sure to objects of public interest, to the affairs of the town 
and village, in which several important trusts were committed 
to him, and of the church, in which for years he had worthily- 
filled the office of deacon. In these he was actively and use- 
fully employed, even to the last, and thus, in the unfailing 
resource of reading and study which he enjoyed, in the society 
of attached friends, and of the dear family circle, those closing 
years of his life passed away cheerfully, happily, leaving 
blessed memories behind them. He was quite active in his 
habits and usually of firm and vigorous health. It almost 
seemed as if he had been stricken down in his full strength, so 
sudden and short was his last illness. A heart-disease, of 
which he had suffered some symptoms a few months before, 
attacked him with great violence, and after ten days of intense 
suffering and distress, during which he manifested a true sub- 
mission to God's will, and a calm reliance in Christ, his aton- 
ing Saviour, he 'fell asleep in Jesus,' August 15, 1841. 

" The college, the church, the village, mourned his depart- 
ure, but nowhere was it so deeply felt as in the home which had 
so long been blest with his presence and affection. For in all 
family relations he was most truly kind and affectionate, in 
social life, genial and friendly, especially, even to the last> 
delighting in little children, and in the society of the young, 
generous and public-spirited, of spotless integrity in business 
affairs, faithful, earnest and skillful as a teacher, in all his. 
ways a sincere and humble folloAver of the Lord Jesus." 

His associate. Professor Stowe, says : 

'' Professor Adams was one of the stoutest of that noble 
band of men who upheld Dartmouth College in the great 
crisis through which it passed, and thus established, not only 
the principles on which that venerable and most useful insti- 
tution maintained its existence, but gave the foundation for 
permanency to all other educational institutions in our coun- 
try, for it was the decision of the Supreme Court of the 
United States, in the Dartmouth College case, that became 
the magna charta of all our colleges. 

" Sailors speak of ' men who in a storm can ascend to the 
mast-head, and hold on with their eyelids' while they use 
both hands to adjust the rigging. Such were the men who 
saved Dartmouth College during that great conflict. 



244 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" A little girl once said that if God really did make the 
whole universe in six days, she should like to know what he 
stood on while he was making it. 

" Such a question has often occurred to me in thinking of 
that period in the history of Dartmouth College. What had 
the champions of the college to stand on ? But they did 
stand, and did their work completely, and for all time. 

" Professor Adams had just the qualities for such an emer- 
gency. His was the sturdy self-reliance, the unshrinking 
courage, the indomitable perseverance,- and the unwavering 
faith in God, which holds what it has and carries what it 
holds. His was not the coward's courage, which consists in 
the denying of the danger, but the courage of the brave man, 
which sees the danger and faces it." 

A pupil says : ' - 

"Professor Adams was ' a manly man,' well-proportioned, 
broad-shouldered, with a commanding presence and amiable 
countenance. He was bold, earnest, energetic, persevering ; 
artless, and honest as the day. He said exactly what he 
meant. His mental vision was clear, strong, and accurate. 
Imagination was never active ; oratory was not his forte. 
Demonstrative evidence suited him best. In his religious 
character he was conscientious, devout, and reverent, never 
excited nor sentimental." 

In " Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit " we find 
this account of Prof. Zephaniah Swift Moore. "He 
was the son of Judah and Mary (Swift) Moore, and was born 
at Palmer, Mass., November 20, 1770. His parents were in 
the middle walks of life, and were much esteemed for their 
integrity and piety. When he was seven or eight years old, 
he removed with his father's family to Wilmington, Vt., 
where he worked upon a farm till he was about eighteen. 
From his early childhood he evinced great inquisitiveness of 
mind, and an uncommon thirst for knowledge ; in consequence 
of which, his parents consented to aid him in acquiring a col- 
legiate education. Having prosecuted his preparatory studies 
at an academy in Bennington, Vt., he entered Dartmouth 
College, when he was in his nineteenth year. He graduated 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 245 

in 1793, and delivered on the occasion a philosophical ora- 
tion on the ' causes and general phenomena of earthquakes,' 
which was received with marked approbation. 

" On leaving college, he took charge of an academy at Lon- 
donderry, N. H., where he gained the reputation of an able 
and faithful teacher. Having occupied this post for a year, 
he repaired to Somers, Conn., and commenced the study of 
Theology under the direction of the Rev. Dr. Charles Backus ; 
and, having gone through the usual course of preparation for 
the ministry, was licensed to preach by a committee of the As- 
sociation of Tolland County, February 3, 1796. After preach- 
ing to good acceptance in various places, and receiving several 
invitations to a permanent settlement in the ministry, he finally 
accepted a call from the Congregationl church and congrega,- 
tion in Leicester, Mass. Here his labors proved alike accep- 
table and useful. Very considerable additions were made to 
the church, and the spirit and power of religion became in- 
creasingly visible under his ministrations. During a part of 
the time that he resided at Leicester, he joined to his duties 
as a minister those of principal of the Leicester Academy ; 
and here, also, he acquitted himself with much honor. 

"In October, 1811, he accepted the chair of professor of 
Languages in Dartmouth College. Here he was greatly re- 
spected as a man, a teacher, and a preacher ; and if his at- 
tainments in his department were not of the very highest 
order, they were at least such as to secure both his respecta- 
bility and usefulness. 

" In 1815, he was elected to the presidency of Williams Col- 
lege, then vacant by the resignation of Dr. Fitch. He ac- 
cepted the appointment, and was regularly inducted into office 
at the annual Commencement in September of that year. 
Shortly after his removal to Williamstown, Dartmouth College, 
which he had just left, conferred upon him the degree of 
Doctor of Divinity. He adorned this new station, as he had 
done those which he had previously occupied. His connection 
with the college was attended by some circumstances of pe- 
culiar embarrassment, in consequence of an effort oh the part 
of the Trustees to remove the college to Northampton or 
some other town in Hampshire County. The measure failed 



246 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

in consequence of the refusal of the Legislature to sanction it. 
Dr. Moore, however, decidedly favored it from the beginning, 
but in a manner that reflected not in the least upon his Chris- 
tian integrity and honor. 

" In the spring of 1821, the collegiate institution at Amherst, 
Mass., having been founded, he was invited to become its Presi- 
dent, and was inaugurated as such in September following. 
The institution, then in its infancy, and contending with a 
powerful public opinion, and even with the Legislature itself, 
for its very existence, put in requisition all his energies ; and 
the ultimate success of the enterprise was no doubt to be re- 
ferred, in no small degree," to his discreet, earnest, and untir- 
ing efforts. In addition to his appropriate duties as president 
and as chairman of the Board of Trustees, he heard the reci- 
tations of the Senior class, and part of the recitations of the. 
Sophomore class, besides taking occasional agencies with a view 
to increase the funds of the institution. His constitution, nat- 
urally strong, was over-taxed by the efforts which he felt him- 
self called to make, and had begun perceptibly to yield, before 
the last violent attack of disease which terminated his life. 

" On Wednesday, the 25th of June, 1823, he was seized with 
a bilious colic, which reached a fatal termination on the Mon- 
day following. During the brief period of his illness, the 
greatest anxiety prevailed in the college, and unceasing prayer 
was offered in his behalf. His own mind was perfectly tran- 
quil-, and he anticipated the closing scene and passed through 
it without a word or look that told of apprehension. In the 
very moment of breathing out his spirit, he uttered in a 
whisper, ^— ' God is my hope, my shield, my exceeding great 
reward.' The funeral solemnities were attended on the 
Wednesday following, and an appropriate sermon was deliv- 
ered on the occasion by the Rev. Dr. Snell, of North Brook- 
field. 

" Dr. Moore lived to celebrate the first anniversary of the in- 
stitution, and to see more than eighty of its students profess- 
edly religious, and preparing for extensive usefulness among 
their fellow men. 

" Shortly after his settlement at Leicester, he was married to 
Phebe, daughter of Tliomas Drury, of Ward, now Auburn, 
Mass., who survived him. They had no children. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 247 

'' Dr. Moore published an Oration at Worcester on the 5th of 
July, 1802 ; Massachusetts Election Sermon, 1818 ; an Ad- 
dress to the public in respect to Amherst College, 1823 ; a 
Sermon at the ordination of Dorus Clark, Blandford, 1823." 

FEOM THE REV. EMERSON DAVIS, D. D. 

" Westfield, Mass., November 16, 1849. 

" Dear Sir : You have requested me to give you my im- 
pressions and recollections of President Moore. They are all 
exceedingly pleasant, and yet I must say he was a man of such 
equanimity of temper and uniformity of life, that I am unable 
to single out one act or saying of his that produced a deeper 
impression than others. 

" My first introduction to him was in the spring of 1818, when 
I was ushered into his study with a letter of recommendation 
for admission to Williams College. It was to me a fearful 
moment, but the cordial manner in which I was received, and 
his kind inquiries after his friend who had furnished me with 
a letter, made me at once easy in his presence. I found that 
he had the heart of a man, and through an acquaintance of 
several years, to the time of his death, he manifested the same 
kindness and cordiality that he did the first time I saw him. 

" He was a man of medium stature, rather corpulent, his com- 
plexion sallow, the top of his head nearly bald, there being a 
slight sprinkling of hair between the forehead and crown. 
His voice, though not loud, was clear and pleasant, and in an- 
imated conversation and in the pulpit pitched upon the tenor 
key. 

" He was dignified in his appearance, serious in his aspect, in- 
structive and agreeable in his conversation, kind and benevo- 
lent in his feelings, modest and unassuming in his manners, 
deliberate and cautious in coming to a conclusion, but firm and 
determined when his position was taken. If a student had at 
any time spoken against him, he would have been regarded as 
a rebel against law and order. In managing cases of disci- 
pline, he was calm and entirely self-possessed. 

" In preaching, he had very little action ; and yet there was 
an impressiveness in his manner that fixed the attention of his 
hearers. In the more animated parts of his discourse, his ut- 



248 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

terance became more rapid, and the sound of his voice shrill 
and tremulous, showing that he felt deeply the force of the 
sentiments he uttered. In his religious views, I know not that 
he differed from the great mass of the orthodox clergy of New 
England, of his day. 

" Such are my recollections of President Moore. 

" Yours truly, 

" Emersox Davis." 

The following tribute to one of Dartmouth's most eminent 
and honored teachers is from a " Discourse " by Professor 
(now President) Brown. 

" Chables Bricket Haddock was born in that part of 
Salisbury, N. H., which is now Franklin, June 20, 1796. His 
mother was Abigail Webster, an older sister of Ezekiel and 
Daniel Webster. She had two children, Charles and Will- 
iam. She was a person of uncommon excellence and loveli- 
ness, a favorite with her brothers, who always spoke of her 
with great affection. She was a religious woman, and on her 
death-bed manifested great solicitude for her sons, especially 
dedicating the oldest, Charles, to the Christian ministry. 
This expression of feeling was almost the only recollection 
which Mr. Haddock had of his mother. 

" The place of his birth was retired, but full of rural 
beauty ; the rushing Merrimac making sweet music of a sum- 
mer evening, the broad intervals basking in the summer sun, 
the granite mountains ' dumbly keeping watch all round,' 
from whose summits, looking almost to the White Hills on 
one side, and almost to the sea on the other, you would be- 
hold a landscape picturesque and lovely beyond the power of 
description. The quiet scenes of his youth, the simple pleas- 
ures, and the common amusements of village life, varied with 
few excitements, could not have been without their effect 
upon the mind of a sensitive boy. To what age he was left 
to these alone, I do not know. 

" He fitted for college mainly at the academy in Salisbury, 
and entered in 1812. Nature had done more for him than 
his instructors, and he very soon took the position; which he 
ever maintained, as intellectual leader in a class, which, though 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 249 

small, numbered among its members several young men of dis- 
tinguished ability. In that little community he was at once 
the best scholar and the most popular man. 'In looks,' writes 
one of his class-mates,^ ' Haddock was decidedly the most 
striking man in the class. He was tall and well-proportioned. 
He had an intellectual cast of features, a well-chiseled profile, 
— and altogetlier you might pronounce him a man intended 
for a scholar, and destined, if he lived, to make his mark in 
the world. I, who entered college a mere boy, singled him 
out the first day. He was always an industrious student. He 
never failed of a recitation, so far as I can remember, and he 
never failed to be prepared for it.' 

" Adding thus to the distinction of attainment and scholar- 
ship so much beauty of person, so much modesty, gentleness, 
and propriety of demeanor, it was natural that he should be 
regarded as a model young man, nor was there wanting that 
profounder moral element, without which no character can be 
complete. 

" The year 1815 was memorable in the religious history of 
the college. The period immediately preceding had been 
marked by unusual religious depression. In some classes only 
one person, and but a few in any of them, made profession of 
a serious religious purpose. Of this small number, there were 
some, however, whose feelings were deep, and whose lives 
were exemplary. To them, — not more, perhaps, than eight 
or ten in all, — was due, under the Divine favor, the moral 
regeneration of the college. First among those who, in that 
* Great awakening,' avowed his purpose of a new life, was 
Mr. Haddock, then in the summer of his Junior year. The 
avowal was open, unreserved, and decisive, and, it is almost 
unnecessary to add, produced a strong sensation. From that 
time no one in college exerted a more positive influence in 
favor of personal religion, and not a few traced their own 
most serious thoughts to his example and to his faithfulness. 

" This change in his feelings naturally determined his 

course in life, and immediately after taking his first degree 

he entered the seminary at Andover as a student in Theology. 

Here he pursued the profound and difficult studies of his pro- 

1 Professor Torrey, of Burlington. 



250 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

fession with a more than ordinary breadth of scholarship, 
mingling classical and literary studies with those of theology, 
but entering with zeal and a chastened enthusiasm into all the 
duties and requirements of the place. 

" He remained at Andover about two years, when, on ac- 
count of a threatened pulmonary complaint, he made a jour- 
ney to the South, going as far as Savannah, and spending the 
winter in various parts of the Southern States. Having per- 
formed a considerable part of the tour on horseback, he re- 
turned, in 1819, invigorated in health, and with a mind en- 
larged and liberalized by what were then quite unusual oppor- 
tunities of observation and society, and was at once appointed 
to the newly established chair of Rhetoric, at the early age of 
twenty-three years. The college had but just gained the vic- 
tor}^ in its desperate struggle for existence. It was poor, but 
hopeful, and it moved forward with a policy of enlargement, 
determined to keep pace with all advancing learning and cult- 
ure. 

" Before that time, the duties of the new department had 
been distributed among all the college officers, and necessarily 
must have lacked something in fullness and method. No 
other New England college, except Harvard and Yale, then 
possessed such an officer, and the first appointment to the 
post in New Haven bears date but two years earlier." 

'' As an instructor, Professor Haddock was one of the best 
I ever knew. I never knew a better. It is with unfeigned 
gratitude that I remember my obligations to him, and I know 
I speak for thousands. As a critic, he was discriminating and 
quietly suggestive, guided by a taste that was nearly immacu- 
late. His scholarship was unobtrusive, and his manner with- 
out ostentati-on. He made no pretense of knowledge, but it 
was always sufficient, always fresh, always sound. The range 
of his thought was broad. His mind was versatile and active. 
You could hardly find a subject with which he was not some- 
what familiar, or in which he would not readily become inter- 
ested. His opinions were never fantastic, nor exaggerated, 
nor disproportioned. He was not, perhaps, so exacting nor so 
stimulating a teacher as some, but he was careful, clear, dis- 
tinct, and encouraging. He saw the difficulty in the mind of 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 251 

the pupil, if there was one, adapted himself with admirable 
facility to his wants, and by a lucid statement, a test question, 
or a distinct suggestion, would often free a subject from its 
obscurity, so that the way would all be in clear sunlight. 
He felt that, in education, the best results are not produced 
violently, but by influences quiet and protracted, gradually, 
but potently, moulding the affections and the life, ' finely 
touching the spirit to fine issues.' " 

" In 1846, Professor Haddock published a volume of ' Ad- 
dresses and Miscellaneous Writings,' gathered from reviews, 
and from his speeches before the New Hampshire Legislature, 
and on various public occasions. These are marked by the 
peculiar completeness and finish which characterized all his 
productions. There is in them no superfluous word, no affec- 
tation, no straining after effect, but much that is wise and 
everything that is tasteful. Yet, interesting as they are, I 
hardly feel as if they give an adequate expression of his rich 
and varied abilities. His more recent writings, — notes of 
foreign travels, lectures, and discourses, — he had begun to 
prepare for the press, when he was so suddenly taken from us, 
and I am glad to hope that some of them may yet see the 
light. 

" For many years Professor Haddock acted as secretary of 
the New Hampshire Education Society. In discharge of the 
duties of this office, sometimes little more than a sinecure, he 
made it an object to bring before the society, in his annual 
reports, subjects of permanent interest. In looking them over, 
I perceive such topics as these : ' Objections to Charitable 
Education,' ' The Standard of Education for the Pulpit,' 
' The Influence of Educated Mind,' ' Personal Qualifications 
for the Pulpit,' ' Manual Labor Institutions,' ' The Clergy 
the Natural Advisers of Young Men,' ' Personal Piety in Can- 
didates for the Christian Ministry,' ' Wisdom in Clergymen,' 
' The Eloquence of the Pulpit as affected by Ministerial 
Character.' These addresses, somewhat brief, never impas- 
sioned, are full of excellent suggestions, both to the laity and 
the clergy. They abound in practical wisdom, and any one 
may read them with profit. 

*' In all his writings his style was unambitious, unaffected, 



252 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

chaste, pure, and transparent as crystal. It was true to his 
subject and himself. If not fervid and vehement, it was be- 
cause of his moderation and self-restraint ; if not pungent and 
dogmatic, it was marked by sustained earnestness and finished 
beauty. If he had not predominantly that power which is 
called by the older rhetoricians amplification, he eminently 
had another, as rarely met with in perfection, the power of 
exact, unincumbered, logical statement. There was some- 
times in him a reticence as admirable as it was unique. You 
wondered why he did not say more, and yet if he had, it 
would only have injured the effect. The word exactly fitted 
the sentiment. The idea was insphered in the expression. 
There was no excess or extravagance in anything he did or 
said. His thoughts glided softly and sweetly from his pen, as 
a rivulet from a silver fountain. 

" I have sometimes thought that Professor Haddock's intel- 
lectual powers were nowhere displayed to more advantage 
than in the mingled grave and gay, learned and mirthful in- 
tercourse of social life. The very tones of his voice, sympa- 
thetic and attractive, the absence of dogmatism, or super- 
ciliousness, or self-assertion, — the mingled deference and 
independence, the clear and sustained thought, the ready in- 
sight, the quick apprehension of proprieties, the intelligent, 
dexterous, but never caustic reply, the sure appreciation of the 
feelings of others, and the power of making them, even the 
lowliest, feel that what they said was listened to with interest, 

— the sense of the droll and ludicrous, the responsive laugh- 
ter, not boisterous, but hearty, bringing tears into the eyes, 

— all gave a peculiar charm to this form of intercourse. It 
was a ministry of beneficence, diffusing kindness, intelligence, 
and gentleness, enlivening many a dull hour, filling many a 
vacant mind, and inspiring many a worthy purpose. 

" ' Great openness and candor, good sense, the reading of 
a scholar, the originality of a man who sometimes thought 
for himself, aspirations after excellence much higher than 
those of many others, — all these traits came out in his fa- 
miliar talks, in which he rather unbent than exerted himself ; 
at the same time he was as gentle and attentive a listener 
as a man could wish, a truly sociable being, with whom you 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 253 

could talk all day, and then all night, and never feel 
weary.' ^ 

"In 1850, he received from Mr. Fillmore the appointment 
of Charge d' Affaires at the court of Portugal, and in the 
spring of 1851 sailed for Lisbon, by way of England. I have 
the best means of knowing that, while at Lisbon, his inter- 
course and influence with the Court, and with the representa- 
tives of all the great powers, was most acceptable and most 
salutary. His residence in Portugal was in many ways de- 
lightful. The delicious climate, the cultivated and refined 
society of the diplomatic circle, temporary rest from labor, and 
change of scene and occupations, were all sources of pleasure. 
Yet here he was touched by one of his deepest sorrows, for at 
Lisbon, November, 1851, ' by the side of Philip Doddridge, 
in the English cemetery,' he buried his youngest son, a beau- 
tiful boy of eleven years. 

" He returned from Portugal early in 1856, after an absence 
of nearly four years ; and, having previously terminated his 
connection with the college, spent the remainder of his life at 
West Lebanon." 

Prof. N. S. Folsom says : 

"Professor Haddock was the 'orator suavi loquenti ore,' 
and he was much more than this. Both by precept and ex- 
ample he raised the standard of speaking and writing among 
the students, and stimulated them to the pursuit of a manly 
eloquence. There also prevailed a very general conviction of 
his sincerity and moral earnestness, and of his interest in our 
successful career in life. The themes he gave led us to dis- 
criminate both intellectually and morally, and if he thought 
the theme worthily treated, a kind note in the margin of the 
sheet was sure to tell us so. The spirit in which he met the 
class was that of the closing paragraph in his Phi Beta Kappa 
Oration of 1825 : ' Young men of my country, God has given 
you a noble theatre, and called you into life at the most 
interesting of all times. Forget not that you are descendants 
of men who solemnly dedicated themselves and their posterity 
through all coming time to the cause of free and enlightened 
reason — unrestricted divine reason — the portion inscribed 
1 Professor Torrey. 



254 DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 

on our hearts of the universal law, ' whose seat is the bosom 
of God, her voice the harmony of the world.' Occasionally 
he preached in the Hanover village church, where the stu- 
dents attended. He never had so much as a scrap of any 
notes before him ; and this was his habit also at White 
River, where he steadily officiated. I need not add that 
the students always were greatly delighted when they had 
the privilege to hear him. Every discourse was as complete 
as though it had been carefully written and committed to 
memory ; but evidently his was no memoriter preaching* 
One sermon I particularly remember, delivered early in 
March, 1826, from the words, ' If this counsel or this work 
be of men it will come to nought, but if it be of God ye 
cannot overthrow it; lest haply ye be found fighting against 
God.' (Acts V. 38, 39.) No discourse I had ever heard 
in my whole life before surpassed this in eloquence and 
weight of sentiment; none even from Dr. Tyler was more 
magnetic, more persuasive to right action on the part of 
an already awakened conscience, or put the soul more di- 
rectly' in an attitude in which it would be naturally drawn 
towards what is true and best. My recollection of the feel- 
ing of the students toward him is, that he was, on the whole, 
not inferior in popularity with them to any other member of 
the Faculty. There is no man I could name so absolutely 
faultless, as he seemed to us young men of that period. I 
am not sure that his prestige and charm were not increased 
by the faultlessness of his dress, and by the manifestations of 
the becoming in personal appearance, — a well-known trait of 
his great kinsman, Daniel Webster, whom he not distantly 
resembled also in features, port, and step, and in distinct, 
measured utterance. Not that he in the least consciously 
imitated him, but there was the natural growth into the 
likeness of the object of his admiration ; and there was, as 
in Mr. Webster, absolutely no affectation, nor sign of over- 
much thought about raiment, nor vestige of anything like 
conscious, personal display." 

A later pupil says : 

"As a teacher Professor Haddock was remarkable for his 
dignity and refinement. His presence among young men was 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 255 

always sufficient to maintain perfect 'order and decorum. The 
true gentleman beamed forth from every feature and spoke in 
every tone of his voice. With apparent ease, he chained the 
attention of the most thoughtless to the most abstruse and 
uninviting topics. The deep things of Logic and Psychology 
he handled so adroitly, and presented so tastefully, as to give 
them a charm, indeed, a fascination. 

" In the recitation room his words were few, but his state- 
ments were so clear and so elegantly expressed, that what 
the student had been able to learn only partially or obscurely 
from the book was now fully comprehended and securely 
treasured by the memory. The students were never willingly 
absent, for it was always a delight to listen to his instruc- 
tions, and a failure to be present was counted an irreparable 
loss, inasmuch as the teacher always seemed greater than the 
text-book. 

"It is hardly necessary to say that the influence of such 
a man was an important factor in the last two years of our 
college life. His noble bearing, his handsome face, his im- 
pressive manner, his uniform kindness and courtesy, and, 
especially, his manifest appreciation of young men who were 
struggling against heavy obstacles in their course of study, 
will never be forgotten by those who were so fortunate as to 
be under his tuition. Nor can it be doubted that the power 
of his refined intellect and taste has been felt in many places 
where his name has never been heard." 

Professor Haddock married, first, Susan Saunders, daughter 
of Richard Lang, of Hanover; second, Mrs. Caroline (Kim- 
ball) Young, daughter of Richard Kimball, of Lebanon, N. H. 
He died at West Lebanon, N. H., January 15, 1861. 



CHAPTER XXIII. 

PROFESSOR WILLIAM CHAMBERLAIN. —PROFESSOR DANIEL 
OLIVER. — PROFESSOR JAMES FREEMAN DANA. 

William Chamberlain, the successor of Professor INIoore 
in the chair of Languages, was the son of General William 
and Jane (Eastman) Chamberlain, and was born at Peacham, 
Vt., May 24, 1797. From a reliable source we have the fol- 
lowing account of him : 

Perhaps there is on record no more worthy and compre- 
hensive testimony to his character and his work than the 
few lines which the late President Lord furnished for the 
inscription on his tombstone. They read : 

" William Chamberlain, Jr., A. M., Professor of Lan- 
guages in Dartmouth College. A man of strong intellect, 
distinguished literary attainments, and moral worth. 

" He added respectability to the institution, by prudence, 
eflBciency, and a well-earned reputation ; and contributed 
largely to promote its interests. By disinterested and un- 
wearied labors, with fidelity in all his relations, beloved and 
honored, he filled up the measure of a short but useful life, 
and died with humble confidence in the Divine mercy, 
through the atonement of Jesus Christ, July 11, 1830, aged 
33." 

He gave to the college for ten years the unremitting labor 
of his life, and we may say his hfe itself. To his abundant 
and complete work as a teacher he added the labor of over- 
seeing the material affairs of the college, — a labor devolved 
upon him, perhaps, on account of his superior executive 
abiUty. 

Thus he superintended the building of Thornton and 
Wentworth Halls, and employed his vacations, and particu- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 257 

larly the long winter vacation, in travelling over what was 
then the wilderness of northern New Hampshire and Ver- 
mont, in care of the wild lands belonging to the college. 
Stricken with pneumonia on one of these journeys, — he would 
not wait for a complete convalescence before returning to 
duty, — his malady assumed the chronic form, and terminated 
his life in about six months after its first invasion. 

The influences of his early life were such as may well have 
conduced to a broad and strong character. 

His mother belonged to a family long identified with the 
early history of southern New Hampshire. 

His father. General William Chamberlain, after serving in 
the armies of the Revolution, became a pioneer settler of 
northern Vermont, where he acquired a handsome estate and 
a prominent public position. He became Lieutenant Gov- 
ernor of the State, and represented it in Congress for several 
terms. Among his public services may be mentioned his care 
for the Caledonia County Grammar School, where his sons 
were fitted for college. This school was at that time taught 
by Ezra Carter, a man greatly respected for his attainments 
and dignity of character. 

Thus the future professor grew up amid the versatile life 
of the frontier, surrounded by the contests and traditions of 
public service. 

Distinguished for scholarship in college, a bold but pru- 
dent leader among his classmates in their conflicts with the 
University,^ immediately after graduation he became the pre- 

1 The Rev. Daniel Lancaster, of the Class of 1821, supplies the following recol- 
lections of the assault upon the college libraries, made by a band of towns- people, 
under the guidance of Professors Carter and Dean of the University. They had 
forced the doors only to find that the books had already been removed, and them- 
selves thus inclosed, the prisoners of the college students, led, among others, by 
senior Chamberlain. Mr. Lancaster continues : " Having stationed three or four 
of his classmates at the door of the library to prevent ingress or egress, he as- 
cended a few steps on the flight of steps leading to the next floor, and called the 
excited throng to order. He then spoke in substance as follows : * Fellow stu- 
dents, we are in the midst of a desperate emergency. The door of our library 
has been demolished. The vandals have entered and taken possession, but we 
have met the enemy. They are our prisoners and the library is safe. I have 
come from the president, who wishes me to say to you that he is confident you 
will conduct yourselves as gentlemen — using no violence or insult — in all the 
arrangements to be adopted, until order and quiet are restored.' 
17 



258 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

ceptor of Moors Charity School, and a year later entered, 
as a student of law, the office of Daniel Webster in Boston. 
Thence, in his twenty-fourth year he was recalled to the col- 
lege as professor of Languages, and in the ordinary and ex- 
traordinary service of the institution he was intensely occu- 
pied for the remainder of his short life. 

A life so brief and active leaves behind it little but its ex- 
ample. Yet I shall venture to extract a few paragraphs from 
an address delivered by him on the 4th of July, 1826, the end 
of the first half century of our national life. 

Remembering that they were written at a period before the 
great problems which have since controlled our history were 
recognized or appreciated among the people at large, they 
will be found to indicate a moral tone and a political pre- 
science quite remarkable in a young man of twenty-eight 
years. 

. ..." I have already alluded to it as the first of the ap- 
propriate duties of this day, to turn to Heaven in the exer- 
cise of devout gratitude, and render thanksgiving and praise 
to Him who was the God of our fathers in the day of their 
trial; who gave to them and has continued to us a fairer 
portion than was ever allotted to any other people. Is there 
one in this consecrated temple of the Almighty who would 
not join in the offering ? I know it is unusual to dwell long 
upon such considerations at a time like this, but surely, if 
there ever were a call for a nation's gratitude to God, and 
ever a proper occasion for expressing it, we are the people in 
whose hearts that emotion should be deep and permanent, 
and this is a time to give it utterance." .... 

" We must do all in our power to promote liberal feelings 

" He then proceeded to marshal them in two files, beginning at the door of the 
library, and extending down stairs to the lower floor, through which files the 
University professors were conducted, each under escort of three students, to 
their homes." 

General H. K. Oliver, of Massachusetts, a member of the then Senior class, 
gives substantially the same account. He adds : 

" Having released the roughs on condition of good behavior, we exacted a 
promise of the learned professors of Mathematics and Dead Languages, * that 
they would do so no more.' Classmates Fox, Shirley, and I then escorted Pro- 
fessor Carter home. Dean was escorted by Crosby (Hon. Nathan Crosby) and 
others. He (Carter) was very polite to us, invited us in, and treated' us with 
wine and cake." 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 259 

among the several communities and sections of our federal 
republic, so as to preserve inviolate the Union of the States. 
Were this Union now in danger, it would call forth a more 
authoritative voice than mine ; yet it may be in danger before 
the close of another half century. I will only speak my own 
conviction, that the States cannot be separated without the 
destruction of the country. They lie together on the bosom 
of this vast continent, a protection and an ornament, each 
to the other, and all to each, like the gems on the breast- 
plate of the Jewish Hierarch, indicative of the union of the 
Tribes, mutually lending and receiving lustre." .... 

" We must root out from among ourselves the institution of 
domestic slavery, or, before the close of another half century, 
we may have to abide the consequences of a servile war. In 
effecting this all-important object, we must indeed proceed 
gradually, temperately, in the observance of all good faith and 
good feeling toward the people of that portion of our Union 
on which the curse was entailed by the colonial policy of the 
mother country. 

" It is a work which demands the full concurrence of all the 
States, and, sooner or later, it must be accomplished. Com 
mon sense will not cease to upbraid us with inconsistency, 
humanity will not be satisfied, nor Heaven fully propitiated, 
while we hold up boastfully in one hand this declaration, af- 
firming that " all men are created equal," and grasp with the 
other the manacles and the scourge. 

" Whatever may have been inferred by reason from a differ- 
ence of physical attributes, and whatever may have been forced 
by criticism out of the word of God, the traffic in human 
flesh is contraband by the law of Nature written in our 
hearts, and forbidden by the whole tenor and spirit of the re- 
ligion revealed in the Gospel. 

" Even in the darker and imperfect dispensation of the an- 
cient Jews, every fiftieth year, at least, brought freedom to all 
the inhabitants of the land. It is almost needless to say, 
that, if he who first procured the slave and brought him 
hither had no right to do so, then neither could he who 
bought him acquire a rightful ownership. There is no prop- 
erty to a private man in the life or the natural faculties of 



260 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

another ; no right can accrue by purchase, or vest by posses- 
sion, and no inheritance on either side descend. A title, 
which by its very nature was void from the beginning, can 
never be made good ; a dominion which Heaven never gave, 
must be perpetuated, if at all, by means which it will never 
sanction." .... 

Surely, the trumpet of this youth gave no " uncertain 
sound." 

"One blast upon that bugle horn 
Were worth ten thousand men." 

To the recognition of such qualities it was due, probably, 
that in 1829 he was called to New York city to assume the 
editorship of a journal (" Journal of Commerce ") founded by 
an association of gentlemen, and which afterwards exerted 
great influence upon public opinion. He declined the offer, 
unwilling to leave his Alma Mater at a critical epoch in her 
history. He stayed by her to die in her seryice. 

His widow, Mrs. Sarah L. (Gilman) Chamberlain, daugh- 
ter of Dr. Joseph Gilman, of Wells, Me., and niece of Mrs. 
President Brown, survived him twenty years, residing at Han- 
over. The memory of her moral, intellectual, and social worth 
is warmly cherished by all who knew her. 

Mr. Lancaster adds : " Professor Chamberlain was tall, 
erect, square built, well-proportioned, and of graceful mien 
and bearing, — such a man as the eye could rest upon with 
pleasure. His voice was clear, sonorous, yet smooth and 
agreeable." 

Professor Folsom says : 

" Professor Chamberlain, the youngest member of the Fac- 
ulty, who was only twenty-three years old when, in 1820, he 
entered on his professorship of the Latin and Greek Lan- 
guages and Literature, and only thirty-three when he died^ 
was much admired and loved and reverenced by many of us. 
To myself, whenever I think of Dartmouth, his image invari- 
ably appears, and he stands out among the objects presenting 
themselves second only to that of Dr. Tyler, as the latter 
appeared when at his best and noblest in the pulpit. It was 
indeed in that same pulpit, and before I came under his in- 
struction, that I first heard him, when he delivered an oration 



DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 261 

on the Fourth of July in the year 1826. It was to a crowded 
audience, filling the floor and the galleries. I doubt whether 
there is one survivor of that number, whether student or 
townsman, from whose recollection can have faded away the 
image of the orator, his form and attitude, his voice and ac- 
tion, and some of his thrilling words, especially when he de- 
scribed the nation holding in one hand the Declaration of 
Independence which proclaims human equality, and with the 
other grasping the manacles and scourge to torture millions of 
human beings bought and sold, and compelled to labor in 
slaver 3^. 

Professor Chamberlain took charge of the Class of 1828 
in Latin and- Greek when they entered on their Junior 
year. As soon as our class met him in the east recitation- 
room — he being seated at a small table on his left, and the 
class in lines of a half-parallelogram extending on the right 
and in front of him — we felt that we had come under a 
noble teacher. Some of us who loved the languages that he 
taught, and also had become acquainted with the best of the 
upper classes, carried with us none other than very high an- 
ticipations of a most profitable and pleasant term of study. 
And so it proved. How he used to electrify us at times by 
repeating something that had just been recited, as at the 
close of the Agricola of Tacitus, his strongly marked face all 
lighted up, new significance and something like inspiration 
being given us, when with his deliberate, distinct, emphatic, 
rhythmical, rich utterance, flowed out that prophetic sentence 
in the world's literature, ' Quidquid ex Agricola amavimus, 
quidquid mirati sumus, manet mansurumque in animis homi- 
num, in aeternitate temporum, in fama rerum ! ' 

"I remember that while my class were in the CEdipus Tyr- 
annus of Sophocles and the Medea of Euripides, I was suf- 
fering from weak eyes, and went to the recitation-room with 
no other preparation than that of hearing each lesson twice 
read to me by two different students, who did me the kind- 
ness to perform that service. But with Professor Chamber- 
lain's luminous explanation and comment, no Greek of my 
whole college course more deeply interested and helped me. 

" He heard the rehearsal of my Commencement oration, 



262 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

and some of his words on that occasion I have not ceased to 
remember with gratitude. Nor was I the only one who re- 
ceived from him words of encouragement that proved of most 
vahiable service in our subsequent career. Still it was the 
moral element that constituted his highest power of influ- 
encing young men, and was his distinguishing personality. 
May I say, for one, that in this moral and spiritual personal- 
ity he has again and again come to me since his departure, 
and been a present helper toward whatever of good I have 
attained in life. 

'' A single anecdote will serve to illustrate the love with 
which his pupils cherish his memory. I cannot but think that 
every survivor of my class must have some recollection of the 
fact, and share all my feelings in regard to it. He had been 
occasionally late at recitation, and the class, to give him a' 
lesson of promptness, one morning having assembled as usual 
after service in chapel, and waited some four minutes past 
the hour, carried the vote to go to our rooms ; and so, the 
professor just turning the corner, and hastening up the slope, 
and his approach being announced by some on the lookout, 
we dashed out, through the rear doors, or up the stairways, 
and not a solitary member of the class remained in the room. 
The next morning he was already there when we reached the 
place, made no remark on the occurrence of the previous day, 
and none of us could discern in him the faintest trace of dis- 
pleasure. When, two years after we graduated, I heard of 
his death, I remembered a slight, hacking cough which he 
had, and that slightly bent, spare, though large and tall 
frame, and always placid face, and realized for the first time 
that what we imputed to him as a fault was the hindrance of 
disease, and possibly of sleepless nights ; and I would have 
given a world for an opportunity to ask his forgiveness." ^ 

1 The writer did not know until a few years ago that he Avas related, though 
somewhat distantly, to the wife of Professor Chamberlain. He was personally 
acquainted with her from his Sophomore year. He then boarded and roomed at 
Mrs. President Brown's (Mrs. C.'s aunt). Her paternal great-grandfather, Rev- 
Nicholas Oilman, of Durham, N. H., and the writer's paternal great-grandfather 
(as well as maternal great-great-grandfather), Dr. Josiah Oilman, of Exeter, N. 
H., were brothers. He has felt, ever since he knew this fact, like having a clearer 
risht of inheritance in Professor Chamberlain. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 263 

Another pupil says of Professor Chamberlain : 
'' He was well-proportioned, tall, active, and energetic. 
His expression was dignified and commanding. In his word 
there was power. Integrity marked all his life. His word 
was as good as his bond. His principles were firmly grasped 
and implicitly followed. His intellectual powers were of a 
high order. He impressed every acquaintance with his intel- 
lectual greatness. His discourse was lofty but impressive. 

" His religious life was less marked in public. He united 
with no church, though he was a man of prayer and from his 
dying bed sent a religious message to the students." 

From a reliable source we have the following notice of 
another of Dartmouth's eminent and honored teachers : 

Daniel Olivee, whose name appears on the list of teach- 
ers of past years in both the Medical and Academical de- 
partments of Dartmouth College, was born on the 9th of Sep- 
tember, 1787. He was the third son of the Rev. Thomas Fitch 
Oliver, at that time rector of St. Michael's, Marblehead, and 
belonged to a family distinguished in the history of Massachu- 
setts from the earliest period of the colony. He was a direct 
descendant of Mr. Thomas Oliver, whom Winthrop calls " an 
experienced and very skilful surgeon," and who acted as one 
of the ruling elders of the church in Boston soon after his ar- 
rival in 1632. Through his mother he was descended from 
William Pynchon, one of the founders of the Massachusetts 
Colony, and the Rev. William Hubbard, the historian of Xew 
England ; and through his paternal grandmother he was a 
descendant of the Rev. John Eliot, the noted Indian mission- 
ary. 

After the death of his father, which took place at Garrison 
Forest, near Baltimore, before he had attained his tenth year, 
he was placed in the care of Colonel Lloyd Rogers, of that 
city, and almost immediately commenced his preparatory 
course for college, applying himself to his studies with great 
diligence, and entered Harvard College in 1802. Although 
fond of study, and possessed of a mind of unusual vigor and 
brilliancy, the ambitions of college life do not seem to have 
dimmed the memories of his forest home in the South, and in 



264 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

his letters, while at Cambridge, he more than once recalls the 
pleasant hours when living within its shades, in a strain at 
once suggestive of a refined and poetic nature. 

To one of his thoughtful and contemplative mind it is not 
strange that, suddenly transferred from the quiet of home life 
to the turmoil of college scenes, he should have found much 
that was distasteful ; and the following extract from a letter 
to him from the late Mr. Justice Story, at that time be- 
trothed to his eldest sister, and with whom he was on terms of 
intimacy, would seem to imply no little disquietude on the 
part of his student friend during the earlier years of his life 
at Cambridge. 

" You can hardly imagine with what delight I recur to the 
days which I spent at Cambridge. In the delightful seclusion 
from noisy vulgarity, in the sweet interchange of kind senti-- 
ments, and in the mutual competition of classic pursuits, I 
possessed a unity and tranquillity of purpose far beyond the 
merits of my later years. My first years there were not 
marked with this peculiar character. It was in my Junior 
and Senior years that, from forming a choice of friends, and 
participating in the higher views of literature, I felt that 
happiness resulted in the activity of intellect and possession 
of friendship. That period will in future be yours ; and 
though you may start with surprise at the thought at this 
moment, that period will be marked out in the calendar of 
your years as among the dies fortunatos. You and I are not 
widely distinct in years, and you can therefore readily believe 
that this attachment is not the moral relation of comparison 
and experience ; no, it was reality which charmed me when 
present, and reflects a lustre in remembrance. Go on, then, 
my dear fellow, in the academic course with awakened hope. 
A high destiny awaits you. The joys of youth shall give spirit 
to the exertions of manhood, and the pursuits of literature 
yield a permanent felicity attainable only by the votaries of 
taste. Sweet are the attainments which accomplish the wishes 
of friends. Our reliance upon you is founded on a belief that 
ambition and literature will unite us in as close bonds as sym- 
pathy and affinity. 

" On a subject so interesting to me as my collegiate course 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 265 

I seldom reflect without melancholy ; not a harsh and dark 
brooding, but a soft and tender pensiveness which 

" * Sheds o'er the soul a sympathetic gloom/ 

" The thousand associations of festivity, pleasantry, study, 
and recreation live to hallow the whole. The picture, by its 
distance, loses its defects, and retains only the strong colorings 
of primitive impression. Never do I cast my eyes on that 
dear seat of letters but I exclaim involuntarily with Gray : 

" ' Ah ! happy fields, ah ! pleasing shade, 

Ah ! groves beloved in vain, 
Where once my careless childhood strayed, 

A stranger yet to pain ; 
1 feel the gales that round ye blow 

A momentary bliss bestow/ 

" By the way, when you are at leisure and feel a little dull, 
I advise you to take up some of our good-natured writers, 
such as Dr. Moore, Goldsmith, Coleman, Cervantes, Don 
Quixote, Smollett's novels, or the pleasant and airy produc- 
tions of the muse. These I have always found a powerful 
an ti- splenetic ; and, although I am not a professed physician, 
I will venture to prescribe to you in this instance with all the 
confidence of Hippocrates. The whole system of nostrums 
from that arch-quack, the old serpent, down to the far-famed 
Stoughton of our own day, does not present so powerful a 
remedy, amid all its antis, as cheerful reading to a heavy spirit. 
I will venture to say, in the spirit of Montesquieu, that an 
hour of such reading will place one quietly in his elbow chair 
in all the tranquillity of a Platonic lover." 

It is probable that Mr. Story's influence was not without 
its effect in reconciling his young friend to college life, for 
he was very soon to be found among the foremost in the 
race for honorable distinction. He was graduated with dis- 
tinguished honor, in 1806, in a class of remarkable ability, 
among whom were the late Hon. Alexander Everett, Judge 
William P. Preble, Professor J. G. Cogswell, and the vener- 
able Dr. Jacob Bigelow, its last surviving member. 

After leaving college he began the study of law under the 
direction of Mr. Story, but very soon abandoned it, and en- 
tered the office of his uncle, the late Dr. B. Lynde Oliver, of 



266 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

Salem, as a student of medicine. In 1809, he entered the 
University of Penns^^lvania, at that time distinguished by the 
names of Rush, Wistar, and Physick, and by his talents and 
attainments soon attracted the notice of Dr. Rush, whose 
favorite pupil and warm friend he afterwards became. On 
receiving his medical degree, the following letter, written in 
terms of the highest compliment, was addressed by Dr. Rush 
to his uncle and former instructor. 

" Philadelphia, May 1, 1810. 

" Dear Sir : I sit down with great pleasure to answer 
your letter by your nephew, now Dr. Oliver, and to inform 
you at the same time that he has received the honor of a doc- 
tor's degree in our university much to his credit and the sat- 
isfaction of his teachers. From his singular talents, and from 
his acquirements and manners, he cannot fail of becoming emi- 
nent in his profession. Long, very long, may he live to re- 
flect honor upon all who are related to him, or who have been 
instrumental in opening and directing his acute and capacious 
mind in the prosecution of his studies ! Be assured he carries 
with him my highest respect and sincere affection. 

" With respectful compliments to the venerable patriarch of 
medicine, Dr. Holyoke (if not translated to a better world), 
" I am, dear sir, very sincerely yours, 

" Benjamin Rush. 
** Dr. B. Lynde Oliver." 

On his return to Salem, Dr. Oliver commenced the practice 
of medicine, and in July, 1811, as appears from his diary, he 
connected himself with Dr. R. D. Mussey, then a rising young 
surgeon, and with whom he was afterwards so long associated. 
From the following entry in the diary referred to, under date 
of July 12, 1812, may be learned somewhat of his tastes at 
this time, and his mode of passing the waiting hours of an 
early professional life : 

" This day completed the first year of my connection in the 
medical profession with Dr. R. D. Mussey. On reviewing this 
period, I am sensible of a great loss of time, and of a degree 
of professional and literary improvement altogether inade- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 26T 

quate to such an extent of time. Some improvement, how- 
ever, has I hope, been made. With respect to the books 
which I have read during the past year, the most important 
are Mosheim's ' Ecclesiastical History,' which I have not yet 
quite completed, — a learned and judicious outline of the his- 
tory of the church, embracing many collateral topics of learn- 
ing and philosophy . . . . ; Homer's ' Iliad ' in Greek, with 
the exception of the last book ; the ' ^neid,' except the last 
two ; two or three books of Livy," and several of Juvenal's 
' Satires.' 

" The most important literary enterprise which I have 
undertaken and accomplished has been the delivery of a course 
of lectures on Chemistry in connection with Dr. Mussey. In 
Anatomy, also, we have executed something. Medicine will, 
in future, claim more of my attention, but not to the neglect 
of the two important collateral branches above mentioned." 

In the autumn of 1815, Dr. Oliver was appointed to de- 
liver a course of chemical lectures before the medical class at 
Dartmouth College. Although he had thus far pursued the 
study of chemistry as a collateral branch of medical science, 
he felt warranted in accepting the appointment, without, how- 
ever, proposing to himself a more permanent position in this 
department. 

In 1817, he was married to Miss Mary Robinson Pulling, 
the only daughter of Edward Pulling, Esq., an eminent bar- 
rister of Salem, and almost immediately went again to Phil- 
adelphia to avail himself of the advantages of that seat of 
medical learning, returning to Salem in the spring of 1818. 

In the following year he was induced to undertake, in con- 
nection with the Hon. John Pickering, the preparation of a 
Greek lexicon, a work involving much labor and research, 
and the larger portion of which fell to his lot. Although 
mainly based on the Latin of Schrevelius, many of the in- 
terpretations were new, and there were added more than two 
thousand new articles. The magnitude of the task and its 
successful accomplishment at once raised him to a conspicuous 
rank among the scholars of his day. 

In the summer of 1820 he accepted an appointment to the 
professorship of the Theory and Practice of Medicine, and 



268 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in Dartmouth College, 
where he delivered his first course of lectures in the fol- 
lowing autumn. He was also made Professor of Botany, and 
his lectures upon Physiology were among his most valuable 
contributions to medical literature. He took up his perma- 
nent residence in Hanover, in August, 1821, and from this 
time to the close of his connection with the college he was 
most faithful to all its interests. In 1825 he was appointed 
to the chair of Intellectual Philosophy in the Academical de- 
partment of the college, a position which he filled with the 
ability that distinguished him elsewhere. The address de- 
livered by him on the occasion of his induction into this pro- 
fessorship, upon the " Comparative Importance of the Study 
of Mental Science," was thus far, perhaps, his most successful 
literary effort. Clear, comprehensive, and abounding in pas- 
sages of remarkable beauty and force, it established the repu- 
tation of its author both as a writer and a metaphysician. 

In 1835 was published his " First Lines in Physiology," a 
treatise which received the highest commendation both at 
home and abroad. It passed through three editions, and al- 
though the rapid advance in physiological science since its 
publication has long since led to its disuse, it will still be ad- 
mired by medical scholars for the purity of its style and the 
learning it everywhere displays. 

In the spring of 1837, Dr. Oliver closed his connection 
with the college, and returned to Cambridge, where he was 
temporarily residing at the time of his appointment, again to 
resume the practice of his profession. He, however, delivered 
a course of lectures at the Dartmouth Medical School in the 
autumn of this and the following year. He was also induced, 
in 1840, after declining professorships both in St. Mary's Col- 
lege, Baltimore, and in Pennsylvania University, to deliver a 
course of lectures on Materia Medica at the Medical College 
of Ohio, but he resigned the chair at the close of the session, 
and returned again to Cambridge, where he resided to the 
close of his life. Although in declining health at this time, 
he did not relinquish professional practice until within a few 
months of his death, which took place on the 1st of June, 
1842. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 269 

During his comparatively brief career, Dr. Oliver had be- 
come widely known as a medical and general scholar. As a 
teacher in the various departments of medical science with 
which he was connected he was also eminently successful. 
His lectures, always prepared with great care, were written 
with remarkable clearness and elegance, and were often list- 
ened to with attention by many outside the ranks of the pro- 
fession. " His lectures to the under-graduates of the college," 
says a contemporary,^ " would be thought, I am persuaded, 
still more remarkable than those upon Physiology. They 
were intended to exhibit the present state of mental phil- 
osophy. And the singular clearness with which he dis- 
criminated the settled points of absolute knowledge in this 
comprehensive and yet imperfect science, his happy develop- 
ment of intricate and complicated principles, and the beau- 
tiful colors which a true poetic spirit enabled him now and 
then to throw over the bald peaks and angles of this cold 
region, entitle him to a rank among metaphysicians as emi- 
nent as he maintained in his appropriate profession." 

" The intellectual character of Dr. Oliver," the same 
writer afterwards adds, in language admirably chosen, " came 
nearer than it has been my fortune to observe in almost any 
other instance to the idea of a perfect scholar. He was at 
once profound, comprehensive, and elegant. Upon no subject 
which he had considered was his knowledge fragmentary or 
partial. A philosophic, systematic habit of mind led him al- 
ways to seek for the principles of things, and to be satisfied 
only with the truth. The compass of his inquiries was as 
extraordinary as their depth. He had investigated with care 
a surprising extent of knowledge. A master of his own lan- 
guage, and minutely acquainted with all its principal pro- 
ductions, he was also thoroughly versed in the Greek, and 
familiar with the original works which have given to that 
tongue the first place among human dialects. The German he 
read with facility, and had pursued his favorite studies in the 
masters of its profound learning. Of French and Italian he 
was not ignorant. Music, both as a science and an art, was 

1 Eulogy on Daniel Oliver, delivered by Rev. C. B. Haddock, professor of 
Belles Lettres. 



270 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

his delight and recreation. In the arts of painting and sculp- 
ture his information was liberal and his taste said to be ex- 
cellent. Morals and politics he had studied in their theory, 
and in the history of the world. His acquaintance with civil 
history was among the most extraordinary of his attainments. 
The beautiful in Nature, in life, or in art or literature, few 
men have so exquisitely enjoyed or so justly appreciated. 

" Thus, the principal elements of a perfect mind seem to 
have been singularly united and harmonized in him, — exact- 
ness of knowledge, liberal learning, and true taste." 

Bred from infancy in the Church of England, Dr. Oliver 
continued to the end a faithful member of that communion, 
and few persons have had a firmer faith in the sublime truths 
of revealed religion. It was no less to his deeply religious 
and truthful spirit than to his innate love of right that may 
be ascribed that regard for things sacred, that singular mod- 
esty, that unfailing courtesy, and the high sense of personal 
honor that distinguished him. It had been his desire, at a 
late period of his life, to become a candidate for Holy Orders, 
a step for which his ripe theological scholarship and his crit- 
ical knowledge of Greek and Hebrew had already prepared 
him, but his age deterred him. 

Dr. Oliver had published little. Besides the treatise on 
Physiology already mentioned, there are a few pamphlets 
containing addresses delivered on various occasions, the most 
important of which are one before the New Hampshire His- 
torical Society in 1836, and that before the college at the 
time of his induction into the professorship of Moral and In- 
tellectual Philosophy. 

Among his medical manuscripts may be mentioned an un- 
finished work on General Pathology, which, had he lived to 
complete, would have added to his reputation as a medical 
author. Among his papers were also a few unpublished ad- 
dresses and a few short and fragmentary poems, the effusions 
of his earlier years, all characterized by that elegance of style 
and fine poetic taste and feeling that marked their author. 

A member of many learned literary and medical societies 
at home. Dr. Oliver was honored in 1835 with a diploma 
from the Academy of Sciences and Belles Lettres of Palermo, 
and in 1838 received the degree of Doctor of Laws. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 271 

The following notice of a gentleman of rare eminence in 
the scientific world, is from a reliable source : 

James Freeman Dana, who was connected as a teacher 
with both the Academical and Medical departments of Dart- 
mouth College, was born at Amherst, N. H., September 23, 
1793. He was the eldest son of Luther and Lucy (Giddings) 
Dana, and grandson of Rev. and Hon. Samuel Dana. On the 
father's side he was descended from Richard Dana, who was 
among the early settlers in Massachusetts ; on that of his 
mother he was a descendant in the seventh generation from 
Rev. John Robinson, the pastor of the noble band of Pilgrims 
who founded Plymouth, Mass. 

Dana was fitted for college at Phillips Academy, Exeter, 
N. H., entered Harvard in 1809, and graduated in 1813, his 
name standing on the catalogue as Jonathan Freeman Dana ; 
the first name, by which, however, he had never been known, 
was changed to James, by act of legislature. 

Immediately after entering Harvard, Dana showed a de- 
cided partiality for scientific pursuits. To Natural Philos- 
ophy, Natural History, and Chemistry, he mainly devoted his 
attention, making excursions into the surrounding country for 
the purpose of examining its geological structure, and collecting 
mineralogical and other specimens. The result of these ram- 
bles was embodied in a small volume, published in conjunction 
with his brother Dr. S. L. Dana, in 1819, entitled " Mineral- 
ogy and Geology of Boston and its Environs." While in col- 
lege he formed, together with his brother and several class- 
mates, a society for the cultivation of Natural Science and 
Philosophy, named at first for two distinguished French chem- 
ists, but afterward known as the Hermetic Society. Towards 
the close of his collegiate course he was appointed to assist 
Dr. Gorham, the professor of Chemistry, in preparing his 
experiments. That eminent physician and chemist soon be- 
came so much interested in the pupil who displayed such 
assiduity in scientific researches, that finding he intended to 
pursue the study of medicine, he kindly invited him to do so 
under his tuition. 

In 1813, Mr. Dana commenced his studies with Dr. Gor- 
ham, attending lectures at the Medical College, but though 



272 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

he became well acquainted with the principles and practice of 
the profession, he never relinquished his preference for Chem- 
istry and Mineralogy. He became an active member of the 
Boston Linnsean Society, and the first paper read before it, 
entitled " An Analysis of the Incrustation formed upon the 
Basket of Eggs from Derbyshire, England " (presented by 
Judge Davis), was read by him. In the spring of 1813, the 
Corporation of Harvard College employed Mr. Dana to visit 
England in order to procure suitable apparatus for its chemi- 
cal department. During his stay abroad he studied, for a 
time, under the instruction of the somewhat distinguished 
Frederic Accum. In consequence of this absence he did not 
receive his degree of M. D. till 1817, that of A. M. having 
been previously conferred. 

In the autumn of 1817, Dr. Dana was appointed to deliver 
a course of chemical lectures to the medical students of Dart- 
mouth College. The professors in the Medical School were 
Dr. R. D. Mussey and Dr. Cyrus Perkins. These lectures were 
so satisfactory that the appointment was continued, and dur- 
ing the autumns of 1818, 1819, and 1820, he lectured at Dart- 
mouth, residing during the intervals at Cambridge, where, 
in January, 1818, he was united in marriage with Matilda, 
third daughter of Samuel Webber, D. D., late president of 
Harvard College. 

In 1821, being appointed professor at Dartmouth, Dr. 
Dana removed to Hanover, where, relinquishing the practice 
of medicine, he devoted his whole attention to his favorite 
studies, to which was now added Botany, upon which he de- 
livered some courses of lectures. 

Dr. Perkins, the Professor of Materia Medica, removed to 
New York after the dissolution of the " University of New 
Hampshire," and the late admired and lamented Dr. Daniel 
Oliver, of Salem, was appointed to the professorship. Dr. 
Mussey, celebrated for his surgical knowledge and skill, re- 
mained as the head of the Medical School, and among these 
gentlemen, differing widely as they did in many character- 
istics, the warmest friendship subsisted. During the intervals 
of leisure from strictly professional duties, Dr. Dana occupied 
himself in continuing to write for " Silliman's Journal," and 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 273 

in frequent excursions to various parts of New Hampshire, for 
the purpose of analyzing the ores and waters of mines and 
springs. His pubhshed analysis of the waters of a spring in 
Burton, N. H., was considered so scientific a production, that 
he was written to as to accepting a professorship in the Uni- 
versity of Virginia. Not wishing the appointment, he declined 
becoming a candidate. 

In the latter part of 1825, Professor Dana published " An 
Epitome of Chemical Philosophy," designed as a text-book 
for his own classes, but which was afterwards adopted as such 
in two other institutions. In 1826, he was appointed one of 
the visitors of West Point Military Academy, and soon after 
his return was chosen to the chair of Chemistry, in the Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons in the University of New 
York, to which city he then removed. He was elected mem- 
ber of the Linnsean Society of New York, and accepted an 
invitation to deliver a course of lectures before the Athenaeum. 

During his residence at Hanover, Professor Dana had been 
much interested in Electro-magnetism, then a new science, and 
in preparing apparatus for exhibiting its wonders, freely stat- 
ing his conviction that it would produce more astonishing re- 
sults than any power previously known. When surprise was 
expressed at his selecting for his Athenaeum lectures this sub- 
ject, so little known even in Europe, and in which so few in 
this country would feel any interest, Dr. Dana replied that he 
had chosen it for those reasons ; that he thought it time for 
public attention to be directed to it, as he was certain it would 
lead to most valuable results, and that he should endeavor to 
render it popular. How far he succeeded, the delighted audi- 
ences that crowded to hear him bore evidence. Of the truth 
of his prediction as to the results to be wrought out by the 
science, the marvels of the electro-magnetic telegraph bear 
witness to the world. 

Samuel F. B. Morse was then following his profession as a 
painter in New York, and lectured upon art before the Athe- 
naeum. An intimacy sprang up between him and Dr. Dana, 
whose lectures he attended, and whom he used to visit in his 
laboratory, thus becoming familiar with his views on scientific 

18 



274 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

subjects. Morse's published statements as to the origin of 
his knowledge of electro-magnetism are as follows : 

" I learned from Professor Dana, in 1827, the rationale of 
the electro-magnet, which latter was exhibited in action. I 
witnessed the effects of the conjunctive wires in the different 
forms described in his lectures, and exhibited to his audience. 
The electro-magnet was put in action by an intensity battery ; 
it was made to sustain the weight of its armature, when the 
conjunctive wire was connected with the poles of the battery 
or the circuit was closed ; and it was made to ' drop its load ' 
upon opening the circuit. These, with many other principles 
of electro-magnetism were all illustrated experimentally to 
his audience. These being the facts, to whom do I owe the 
first knowledge which I obtained of the science of electro- 
magnetism bearing upon the practical delevopment of the 
telegraph ? Professor Dana had publicly demonstrated in my 
hearing and to my sight all the facts necessary to be known 
respecting the electro-magnet The volute modifica- 
tion of the helix to show the concentration of magnetism at 
its centre, adapted to the electric magnet, the modification 
since universally adopted in the construction of the electro- 
magnet, is justly due, I think, to the inventive mind of Prof. 
James Freeman Dana. Death, in striking him down at the 
threshold of his fame, not only extinguished a brilliant light 
in science — one which gave the highest promise of future 
distinction — but the suddenness of the stroke put to peril the 
just credit due him for discoveries he had already made. 
Dana had not only mastered all of the science of electro-mag- 
netism then given to the world, a science in which he was an 
enthusiast, but, standing on the confines that separate the 
known from the unknown, was at the time of his decease pre- 
paring for new explorations and new discoveries. I could not 
mention his name in this connection without at least render- 
ing this slight but inadequate homage to one of the most lib- 
eral of men and amiable of friends, as well as promising phi- 
losophers of his age." 

The delivery of these lectures was amongst Dr. Dana's last 
public efforts. A severe cold, resulting in an attack of ery- 
sipelas affecting the brain, terminated his brief life of thirty- 
three years, on the 15tli of April, 1827. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 275 

In tlie various relations of private life he had won the 
Tvarm attachment of all who knew him. To the charm of a 
buoyant and affectionate disposition he added Christian prin- 
ciple and character. During his student life at Harvard, he 
had become a communicant of the Episcopal Church, and con- 
tinued a devout worshipper according to her liturgy. Her 
Burial Service was read over his remains, by his friend Dr. 
AVainwright, the funeral rites being performed at Grace 
Church, on the 17th of April. 

When it was proposed, in 1871, by the National Telegraph 
Monument Association to erect a monument to Professor 
Morse, at Washington, the family of Dr. Dana furnished, at 
its request, a portrait of him from which a likeness was to 
be cast for one of the faces at the base of the monument. 
Since the death of Professor Morse, no progress seems to 
have been made in the effort to erect this memorial of scien- 
tific progress. 



276 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



CHAPTER XXIV. 

PROF. BENJAMIN HALE. — PROF. ALPHEUS CROSBY. — PROF. 

IRA YOUNG. 

From reliable sources we have the following account of 
another gentleman of distinguished worth, who was an in- 
structor also both in the Academical and Medical depart- 
ments of the college. 

Benjamin Hale was born on the 23d of November, 1797, 
in Newbury, Mass., now a part of the city of Newburyport. 
He was the eldest son of Thomas Hale, who was the grand- 
son of the fifth Thomas, in that series of Hales, whose first 
representative came to Newbury in about 1637. His mother 
was Alice Little, a daughter of the Hon. Josiah Little of 
Newbury, and grand-daughter of Col. Moses Little, an ofiicer 
in the Continental Army. On both sides of the house Benja- 
min Hale^came of a race of vigorous, industrious, and useful 
men, held in honor by their fellow citizens, and invariably 
distinguished for their exemplary habits, their domestic vir- 
tues, their sterling goodness, and their faithfulness in the 
discharge of trusts and duties. In childhood he was studious, 
quiet, kind, and genial ; fond of books, the favorite of his 
youthful companions, and the cheerful companion of the aged. 

In the autumn of 1813, he went to Atkinson Academy ; 
and in September, 1814, entered Dartmouth College ; but his 
health becoming impaired, he went to Dummer Academy, 
Byfield, in the autumn of 1815, to pursue his studies under 
the direction of its principal, the Rev. Mr. Abbott. In Feb- 
ruary, 1816, he entered the Sophomore class at Bowdoin Col- 
lege, then under the presidency of the venerable Dr. Appleton, 
whose grave kindness soon won his reverent love. He at 
once secured an honorable position in his class, which was 
the largest that had then been in that college. In Septem- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 277 

ber, 1818, he received the degree of B. A. ; his part at Com- 
mencement being the salutatory oration. Having been pre- 
viously offered the academy at Saco, and recollecting a remark 
of his old pastor, Dr. Spring, that " one who meant to be a 
minister would do well to try his hand at being a schoolmas- 
ter," he took charge of the academy for one year. 

In the autumn of 1819, he became a member of the Theo- 
logical Seminary at Andover, Mass. Here his college class- 
mate, Rufus Anderson, afterwards the distinguished Secretary 
of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- 
sions, was his class-mate and room-mate. Dr. Anderson thus 
writes of him : " Our friendship was founded in mutual 
knowledge and esteem, and continued during his life. The 
operations of his mind were effective, equally so in nearly 
every branch of learning. He was quick and accurate in the 
Mathematics, in the Languages, and in Music. I know not in 
what one branch he was best fitted to excel. While perfect 
in all his recitations, he was social, always ready for conver- 
sation when I desired it. He had, and through his whole life 
retained, my entire confidence as a man of God, nor was I 
surprised at the eminent position he afterwards attained in 
the church of Christ. Pleasant is his memory, and pleasant 
is the thought of meeting him in a better world." While 
at Andover he had leisure for reading, and that part of it 
which he devoted to Ecclesiastical History had an important 
influence as it turned out, in deciding his future ecclesiastical 
connection. 

At the Commencement of Bowdoin College, in 1820, he was 
appointed tutor. He taught the Junior class in Natural Phi- 
losophy, and Locke's Essay on the Human Understanding, and 
the Sophomore class in Geometry and some other parts of 
Mathematics, and in Logic. At the same time he continued 
to pursue his theological studies, and in January, 1822, was 
licensed to preach by the York Association. In September, 
1821, he delivered a Latin valedictory oration, and took his 
degree of A. M. With regard to this period of his life, his 
fellow tutor, now the venerable Prof. Packard, thus writes : 
" Mr. Hale gave at once the impression of a kind, generous, 
faithful heart, a clear, acute, and rapid intellect, and a vig- 



278 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

orous grasp of any subject to which he gave his thought. 
He was a diligent student. He loved books. Without con- 
ceit he had sufficient self-reliance, which was always of ser- 
vice to him as a teacher and governor. He always had the 
good-will of his pupils, and whether with them or with his 
colleagues he exerted an influence above rather than below 
his age and standing. He was a true man, unselfish, of a de- 
cidedly social turn, of warm affections, of a genial humor." 

In the summer of 1822, he received proposals from R. H. 
Gardiner, Esq., of Gardiner, Me., to take charge of a new 
institution which he had determined to establish for the edu- 
cation of farmers and mechanics in the principles of science. 
Mr. Hale accepted, and closed his connection with Bowdoin 
College in 1822, and entering upon his duties January 1, 
1823, opened the Lyceum, was inaugurated as its principal, 
and delivered an address on the occasion. He soon after re- 
turned his license, finding it inconvenient to meet the many 
calls for preaching extended to him, and having become also 
so settled in his preference for the Protestant Episcopal 
Church that he determined to take Orders therein, should he 
ever be so situated as to think it his duty to preach again. 
On the 9th day of April, 1823, he was married to Mary Caro- 
line King, the eldest daughter of the Hon. Cyrus King, M. C. 

The Lyceum soon attracted students and became a flourish- 
ing institution. Its principal gave lectures in Chemistry and 
taught Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, and in winter 
had classes in Architecture and in Agricultural Chemistry. 
For the former of these classes he prepared, in 1827, a work 
on the " Elementary Principles of Carpentry." 

In July, 1827, having received an invitation to succeed Pro- 
fessor Dana in the chair of Chemistry at Dartmouth College, 
Mr. Hale accepted, and delivered his inaugural address on the 
day after Commencement. His esteemed and able colleagues 
in the Medical College were Reuben D. Mussey, M. D., Prof, 
of Anatomy and Surgery ; and Daniel Oliver, M. D., Prof, 
of Theory and Practice of Medicine. It should be noted 
that at that period the importance of physical studies was 
not fully appreciated at Dartmouth. The college had not 
taken a scientific periodical in half a century. There was no 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 279 

cabinet of minerals. " There was not," writes Dr. Oliver, 
" a single modern volume in the college library upon either 
Mineralogy or Geology ; and scarcely one, if one, upon Chem- 
istry, later than the days of Fourcroj- or Vauquelin. The 
prevailing taste was decidedly anti-physical. It was directed 
another way, and not only so, but there was among the col- 
lege Faculty a disposition to undervalue the physical sci- 
ences." Dr. James F. Dana, the predecessor of Professor 
Hale, writing of the college in reference to physical science, 
used the following remarkable expression : " It was anchored 
in the stream, and served only to show its velocity." When 
Professor Hale was engaged, his duties comprised a course of 
daily lectures to the medical class through the lecture term, to 
which lectures the members of the Senior and Junior classes 
were to be admitted ; and instruction to the Junior class in 
some chemical text-book by daily recitations for five or six 
weeks. This was all. 

Professor Hale, however, addressed himself to his work with 
characteristic activity and zeal. He proceeded to give each 
year to the college classes a separate course of over thirty 
lectures, and discharged the expenses of them himself. He 
substituted a larger and more scientific text-book for that in 
use, and obtained an allowance of forty or more recitations 
instead of thirty. He laid the foundation of the cabinet of 
minerals by giving five hundred specimens, classifying and 
labeling all additions, leaving the collection in respectable 
condition with 2,300 specimens. He gave annually about 
twenty lectures in Geology and Mineralogy ; and for some 
years was the regular instructor of the Senior class in the 
Philosophy of Natural History. For two years, also, he took 
charge of the recitations in Hebrew, and occasionally took 
part in other recitations ; and, with another, served as build- 
ing committee during the whole process of repairing and erect- 
ing the college edifices. 

December 11, 1827, Professor Hale wrote, in a family 
letter, " I have made out a plan, for the repair of the College 
building, and the addition of a building for libraries, etc., for 
the use of Trustees at their next session. It takes with the 
president mightily, and I think they will make it go." 



280 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

And in another family letter, the first after returning from 
a journey, under date of March 20, 1828, he wrote : 

*' My arrival at Hanover was very opportune. I was looked 
for for sometime, and letters were about being despatched for 
me. ..... I have the honor of being one-half of the build- 
ing committee, Professor Chamberlain being the other moiety, 
and we are commencing operations. The prospects of the 
College are now so bright, that the plan I at first proposed^ 
and which was adop)ted hy the Trustees^ is abandoned, and we 
are preparing to erect two brick buildings, three stories in 
height, and fifty feet by seventy. One for students' rooms, 

and the other for public rooms And what is more 

comforting, our funds are improving so much that the build- 
ing will not distress us very much if the 830,000 should not 
be realized. A good many old debts have been collected, and 
are coming in, by which one building could be erected. 
About 813,000 have already been subscribed, and subscrip- 
tions are daily arriving." 

All this was voluntary and gratuitous work. It is no won- 
der that students thus cared for should respond, as they did, 
with enthusiasm and regard. Happily, in this department 
as well as in all others, Dartmouth College is now in motion, 
and fully up with the foremost in the current of physical 
study. 

During his last three years. Professor Hale was President 
of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. His portrait, presented, it is 
believed, by the members of that society, now hangs in the 
college librar}^ 

While at Hanover, Professor Hale thought it his duty to 
resume his purpose of preaching, and was accordingly ordained 
Deacon by the Rt. Rev. Dr. Griswold, Bishop of the Eastern 
Diocese, September 28, 1828, at Woodstock, ;Vt. ; and Priest 
by the same bishop, in St. Paul's, Newburyport, January 6, 
1831. In taking this step he violated in no respect the charter 
of the college, he undertook nothing which conflicted with the 
duties of his professorship, he acted neither obtrusively nor 
illiberally; but while he occasionally preached in neighbor- 
ing churches, he always, in Hanover, scrupulously observed 
the appointment at the village meeting-house. On Sunday 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 281 

nights, however, he held a service in his own house, for his 
own family, and the family of Dr. Oliver, and such other 
communicants of the Episcopal Church, and friends, as might 
desire to attend. Difference in sentiment on religious sub- 
jects, between Professor Hale and the Trustees of the college, 
and action on their part which can hardly be regarded as j us- 
tifiable, led to the termination of Professor Hale's connection 
with the college, in 1835. 

In 1835, Professor Hale published two works, " A Valedic- 
tory Letter to tlie Trustees," and " Scriptural Illustrations of 
the Liturgy." In August of that year he attended the Gen- 
eral Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church as a del- 
egate from the Diocese of New Hampshire. In October, 1836, 
the degree of D. D. was conferred upon him by Columbia Col- 
lege. In December, having had a severe attack of bronchitis, 
he sailed to St. Croix to spend the winter. His published 
letters under the signature of " Vaietudinarius " were very 
pleasant to the reading public. 

In the course of the next year he entered upon the labori- 
ous and high duties of an office which occupied the remaining 
years of his active life. He was elected, August 2, 1836, to 
the Presidency of Geneva College, N. Y., and entered upon 
his duties in the following October ; delivering an inaugural 
address on the 21st of December. It is of course impossi- 
ble here to give the varied and interesting details of his pres- 
idential life. To this institution he freely gave the wealth of 
his well stored and acute mind, his tried experience, and his 
cheerful, patient resolution. The trials were sometimes great, 
the laborers few, the support scanty, and there were times 
when it seemed as if the one man only stood between the 
life of the college and its death. As one of the Trustees 
wrote, " Life was already nearly extinct, and death would 
have soon followed, had not the president given himself 
wholly to the work with a faith that never faltered, a perse- 
verance which strengthened with difficulties, and a thorough 
conviction that his work, if well done, would promote the 
glory of God and his church through all time." And he 
was successful, as much so as it was within the power of one 
man to be, both in correcting the evils which he found exist- 



282 DAHTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

ing, and in securing the stability of the college bej^ond all 
peradventure. Wherever he was, in the recitation room, in 
the academic circle, in the Medical School of which he was 
ex officio president, in the Board of Trustees, in the councils 
of the bishop and the Diocese, in the conferences with the 
Vestry of Old Trinity Church, before the Board of Regents, 
before the Legislature of the State, he was always the learned, 
sagacious, loyal, and inspiring president ; respected and be- 
loved always, by all who entered the circle of his influence ; 
and illustrating daily in his own character, the symmetry, 
strength, and purity of the principle by which he was gov- 
erned. 

Dr. Hale instructed easily in every department of learning. 
He was most fond of ethical and metaphysical studies. His 
class room will never be forgotten by those who delighted to 
go to it, and regretted to leave it. His courses of lectures 
for many years included Civil and Ecclesiastical Architecture. 
He loved music, and read it as easily as the words. His dic- 
tion was always remarkable for the best English, expressed 
in the happiest style. His memory and power of association 
were almost unerring. His temper was held in the nicest 
balance. In preaching he was a Chrysostom in wisdom, 
truth, and sweetness. 

We have not space to dwell upon this theme, nor upon the 
wholesome influence which Dr. Hale exerted in the diocese in 
which he was placed, both towards preparing the way for a 
second diocese in the State of New York, and in ministering 
in his place to its unity and order, when under the Episcopal 
charge of the noble De Lancey. In 1858, he left Hobart 
(once Geneva) College, and in 1859 he left Geneva, with this 
distinguished record : " The thorough and skillful teacher, 
the laborious and self-sacrificing president, the sympathizing 
friend, the genial companion, the judicious adviser, the cour- 
teous Christian gentleman ; in all these relations so bearing 
himself as to gain the profound respect and tender affection 
of all who knew him." 

Dr. Hale retired to live in Newburyport, near his birth- 
place and by the graves of his forefathers, with his children 
around him. Even then " his influence upon the community 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 283 

distilled like the dews of heaven to gladden the earth." He 
departed to his rest in Paradise on the 15th of July, 1863. 
Dr. Hale had four sons and three daughters, of whom the 
sons (one has since departed) and one daughter survived 
him. 

His published works, beside communications to newspapers 
on current topics, are : " An Address to the Public from 
the Trustees of Gardiner Lyceum," 1822. "An Inaugural 
Address at Gardiner," 1823. " Address to the Public in re- 
gard to the Lyceum," 1824. " Introduction to the Mechan- 
ical Principles of Carpentry," 1827. " Sermon before the 
Convention of New Hampshire," 1830. " Lecture before the 
American Institute of Instruction, On the Best Method of 
Teaching Natural Philosophy," 1830. " Sermon, On the 
Unity of God, preached before the Convention of the Eastern 
Diocese," 1832. " Scriptural Illustrations of the Liturgy of 
the Protestant Episcopal Church," 1835. '' Valedictory 
Letter to the Trustees of Dartmouth College," 1835. " In- 
augural Address, Geneva College, On the Equalizing and 
Practical Tendency of Colleges," 1836. " A Lecture before 
the Young Men's Association of Geneva, On Liberty and 
Law," 1838. " Baccalaureate : Education in its Relations to 
a Free Government," 1838. "The Present State of the 
Question," a pamphlet, in relation to the division of the 
Diocese of New York, 1838. " Baccalaureate : The Lan- 
guages," 1839. '' Baccalaureate : Mathematics," 1841. " Lec- 
ture on the Sources and Means of Education," 1846. " Bac- 
calaureate : The Position of the College, the State, and the 
Church," 1847. " Historical Notices of Geneva College," 
1849. '' Sermon on the Death of Major Douglass," 1849. 

Professor Alpheus Crosby, who was elected to the 
Chair of Greek and Latin in the College, in 1833, Professor 
Calvin E. Stowe having filled the position in the interval 
after the death of Professor Chamberlain, was the son of Dr. 
Asa and Abigail (Russell) Crosby, and was born at Sand- 
wich, N. H., October 13, 1810. Although less than twenty- 
three years of age, his superior scholarship fully warranted 
the appointment. After ably filling this chair several years, 



284 DARTMOUTH ^COLLEGE. 

by a division of labor he was permitted to confine himself 
exclusively to • the Greek language and literature. To his 
refined and sensitive nature the stern old. Roman was less 
attractive than the more polished Greek. It is quite proba- 
ble that Professor Crosby was more largely indebted than he 
himself was aware to the moulding influence of his amiable 
and excellent mother, for that particular type of mind and 
heart which placed him among the foremost Grecian scholars 
of his time. Professor Crosby's career as a linguist illus- 
trated two distinct forms of success. He excelled both as 
a teacher and as an author. His success as a teacher no one 
will question who had the privilege of listening to his instruc- 
tions, if only for a single hour. He questioned the student 
with a critical eye and ear, but a womanly gentleness. His 
translations might well be likened to celestial music, long 
pent-up in foreign caves, but now finding rich and varied and 
sweet expression, in the mother tongue. His success as an 
author is sufficiently indicated by the extensive use of his 
text-books, especially the " Greek Grammar." 

His classmate, Rev. Dr. Tenney, says : 

" It is very pleasant for me to bring back before me your 
brother as I remember him at the commencement of our 
college life. He was, as you know, a boy of twelve years, 
dressed in a boy's jacket with a ruffled shirt, collar coming 
down over his shoulders, such as boys wore in those days — 
pla^^ful as a kitten, and as innocent as the purest-minded 
girl. He was probably the best fitted (as the phrase is) for 
college, of any member of the class. He had, I believe, gone 
over all the studies of the Sophomore year. Without any ap- 
parent effort he maintained his preeminence through his en- 
tire college course, not only in the Languages, but also in 
Mathematics and Mental Philosophy. My recollection is that 
he had committed to memory all the Greek primitives before 
he left college, yet with all his preeminence as a scholar he 
never seemed to have the remotest consciousness that there 
was anything remarkable about himself. We had ambitious 
men in the class and some bitter rivalries, but no one ever 
thought of questioning his position. In short he was both the 
pet and pride of the class ; his conscientiousness as a boy was 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 285 

that whicli characterized him as a man. I do not think he 
would have done a consciously wrong thing for his right hand. 
I remember being with him one Sabbath, when a letter was 
handed him from home, and his views of the sacredness of the 
Sabbath were such that he would not open it until the Sab- 
bath was passed. I mention this, not to illustrate the earn- 
estness of his conscience, but simply to show its authority 
over him. 

" As your brother was the youngest of the class, I was one 
of the oldest, but from the commencement of our class life our 
intimacy was constant. I could very readily tell why I was 
attracted to him, but his friendship for me I could never un- 
derstand ; sure I was that I never loved any other man as I 
did him ; he visited me a number of times ; as I was at his 
home in Salem not long before his lamented death, he seemed 
to me the same at the end as he was at the beginning, one of 
the most lovable and remarkable men I ever knew, and the 
world has seemed to be poorer ever since he left it." 

Mr. C. C. Chase, Principal of the High School in Lowell, 
of the class of 1839, says : 

" I have had many laborious, faithful teachers, but only one 
genius, and that was Professor Alpheus Crosby. He was ac- 
curate upon a point not because he appeared to have looked it 
up in the books, but because he instinctively knew it. It was 
in the Greek that I was instructed by him, and I clearly re- 
call, at this day, the expression of his face, as he explained 
it to us. He seemed to revel in the beautiful thoughts and 
splendid conceptions of the great dramatists. He did not ap- 
pear to be so anxious as most teachers, that our recitations 
should show our critical grammatical knowledge, but rather 
that we should appreciate and enjoy the wonderful creations of 
the great minds of antiquity. He loved to teach. It seemed 
to be his delight to tell others what he had so much enjoyed 
himself. It was the study of his Greek grammar that first 
gave me a love for the noble language of ancient Greece. I 
know of no grammar that has so few bones and so much meat 
in it. One can really enjoy reading it in an idle hour ! It 
so clearly reveals the fact that that most beautiful of lan- 
guages, with all its sweetness and euphony, is but a transcript 



286 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

of the mind of the race of men that knew more of beauty, of 
taste, and of philosophy than all the ancient world besides. 
Professor Crosby entered into the secret chambers of Greek 
thought, and became himself a Greek, and seemed to feel a 
perpetual flow of delight, as he told to others what seemed so 
charming to himself. Others might compel an indolent stu- 
dent to devote more time and study to his lessons, but none 
could equal him in leading those who loved to follow, into 
the ' green pastures ' and ' sweet fields ' of the domain of 
learning." 

Hon. George Stevens, of the class of 1849, says : 
" My acquaintance with Professor Crosby began upon my 
admission to college. M}^ preparation in Greek was imper- 
fect, and my knowledge of the language was quite limited. 
His manner of dealing with and instructing the class soon 
won my admiration, love, and respect for him, and opened to 
me a new and unexpected source of pleasure in the beauties 
of the Greek language. The primitive simplicity, the euphony, 
sweetness, and artistic perfection of the language awakened a 
response and an appreciation which only those who are like 
him can feel. This appreciation of the beauties of his favor- 
ite language, kindled in him an enthusiastic love for it. His 
manner of teaching imparted something of this same enthusi- 
asm in the students. The thoroughness of his instruction, 
his perfect courtesy towards all the students, the extreme 
kindness with which he alwa^^s treated them, his constant 
mildness and equanimity in the presence of the class, in the 
face even of rude conduct and inexcusable ignorance of the 
lesson, his great love and supreme devotion to his duties, ap- 
parent to all, won the love and respect, and gave him the 
control of every student under him, which no sternness or 
severity could ever have secured. I never knew the least 
disobedience to him or the slightest disrespect shown towards 
him, either in his presence or absence. The great simplicity, 
purity, and honesty of his character, was a perfect shield to him 
against all attacks, in word or act, open or covert. I consider 
him, after years of reflection and experience, the best teacher 
I ever had ; and of all the impressions of the teachers of my 
boyhood and youth, those made by him upon me I find are 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 287 

the deepest and most lasting, and now, after tlie lapse of more 
than a quarter of a centurj', are the dearest to me." 

Professor Hagar, in the "New England Journal of Educa 
tion," says : 

"Professor Alpheus Crosb}^, whose death occurred in Sa- 
lem, Mass., on the 17th of April, 1874, was so widely and 
favorably known as a scholar, and was so much esteemed as a 
man, that a notice of his life and labors, more extended than 
has hitherto appeared, is justly due his memory. 

" Professor Crosby very early showed remarkable power in 
the acquisition of knowledge. He learned the rudimentary 
branches of education almost without a teacher. Mathemat- 
ics, Latin, and Greek came to him almost by intuition. When 
engaged in study, he was so deeply absorbed that he seemed 
wholly unconscious of time, place, or surroundings. When in 
his tenth year he was taken to Hanover, the seat of Dart- 
mouth College, and was placed temporarily under Professor 
Adams in Algebra and Euclid, under Tutor James Marsh 
in Latin, and under Tutor Rufus Choate in Greek ; and these 
gentlemen pronounced him fitted for college. He was then 
returned to Gilmanton Academy, and, to prevent him from 
trespassing upon college studies, he was put to the study of 
Hebrew, under the Rev. John L. Parkhurst, who was well 
known as a ripe scholar. He was subsequently sent to Exeter 
Academy to bridge over, with various studies, the months 
which his friends thought must be passed before he should 
enter college. At the fall term of the college, in 1823, in 
his thirteenth year, he entered ; and. he passed through the 
four years' course of study without a rival and far beyond 
rivalry. His power of acquisition and retention was mar- 
velous. 

" After his graduation, he was kept at Hanover four years ; 
the first, as the preceptor of Moor's Indian Charity School, 
and the following three as tutor in the college. During this 
period he joined the college church, and formed his purpose 
to prepare for the ministry, and spent nearly two years at the 
Theological Seminary, in Andover, Mass. He was appointed 
to a professorship of Latin and Greek, in 1833. In 1837 he 
was released from the Latin and became professor of Greek 



288 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

only, which office he held until 1849, when he resigned ; but 
he remained Professor Emeritus until his death. 

" In 1834 he married Miss Abigail Grant Jones Cutler, only- 
child of Joseph and Abigail Cheesboro Grant (Jones) Cutler, 
of Newburyport, Mass. Mrs. Crosby becoming an invalid, 
Professor Crosby took her to Europe and traveled with her 
through England, Germany, and France, until they reached 
Paris, where Mrs. Crosby died. On his return he resumed 
the duties of his professorship. After the death of his father- 
in-law, Mr. Cutler, he resigned his professorship, and removed 
to Newbury port to care for Mrs. Cutler, who was an invalid. 
His Greek Grammar, theological disquisitions, and the super- 
intendency of schools in Newburyport occupied his attention 
until Mrs. Cutler's death in 1854, when he entered into the 
employment of the Board of Education in Massachusetts as 
its agent. In this capacity he rendered the State most valua- 
ble services by visiting the public schools in various parts of 
the State, and by his instructive and practical lectures on edu- 
cational subjects. So efficient were his labors, that in 1857 he 
was appointed by the Board of Education to the principalship 
of the State Normal School in Salem ; this important post he 
occupied eight years. To the interests of this school he zeal- 
ously devoted his great knowledge and ability, raising it to a 
high standard of excellence and giving to it a most honorable 
reputation. He gave the school the largest part of its valua- 
ble library, and obtained for its use the most of its considera- 
ble cabinet. By his heartfelt kindness and his faithful in- 
structions he secured the love and profound esteem of his 
pupils, who will ever hold him in affectionate remembrance. 
In the Normal School and elsewhere, as he had opportunity. 
Professor Crosby earnestly advocated the liberal education of 
women, believing that their educational advantages ought to 
equal those enjoyed by men. 

" While principal of the school at Salem he, for several 
years, was the editor-in-chief of the ' Massachusetts Teacher,' 
performing gratuitous labors which were highly appreciated 
by the teachers of Massachusetts and of other States. 

" Having traveled through the Southern States, that ha 
might gain a better knowledge of his own country before he 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 289 

went abroad, he became deeply impressed with the iniquities 
of slaver}^, and dropped readily into the ranks of the abolition- 
ists. He was intensely interested in all the discussions and 
phases of freedom, from Adams's ' Right of Petition ' cru- 
sade down to the day of his death. His patriotism during 
the war was full and glowing. The political disquisitions in 
his ' Right Way,' which he edited for a year, upon the ques- 
tion of reconstruction, were keen and convincing. He also 
published a series of elementary lessons for teaching the freed- 
men of the South to read. 

" During all these years, after leaving his professorship, he 
was building other educational books besides his Greek Gram- 
mar — ' Xenophon's Anabasis,' ' Eclogae Latinse,' 'Lessons 
in Geometry,' a ' Greek Lexicon ' for his Anabasis, and, last, 
* Explanatory Notes to the Anabasis,' which he had nearly 
ready for the press when death closed his labors. 

" The heart of Professor Crosby was full of love for every- 
body and every creature of God. He drank deeply at every 
spring whence flowed charity, benevolence, freedom, and pa- 
triotism. He remained to his death a member of an orthodox 
church, but, during the last years of his life, he worshipped 
with Christians of other denominations, having softened his 
early faith by a more liberal trust in the boundless love and 
mercy of God, his Heavenly Father. 

" In his association with teachers of every class, he showed 
himself a friend to all. His geniality of manner, his pleasant 
words, his sympathizing spirit, his overflowing desire to make 
others happy, his seemingly inexhaustible knowledge, and his 
intelligent and ever-courteous discussion of controverted ques- 
tions in education, morals, and religion, secured for him the 
warm affection and deep respect of all who were privileged to 
know him." 

Mr. Collar, of the Roxbury Latin School, says : 

" Professor Crosby belonged not to Massachusetts alone, but 
to all New England — to the whole land. Our country is 
poorer by the loss of an eminent scholar, one of that small 
band of classical scholars in America who are known and 
honored at foreign seats of learning. In the latest, freshest, 
and most original Greek grammar that I am acquainted with, 

19 



290 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

that by Professor Clyde, of Edinburgh, the author acknowl- 
edges his obligations to four distinguished scholars, three 
Europeans, and one American, and the American is Professor 
Crosby." 

"Professor Crosby's first marriage has been referred to; 
his second wife was Martha, daughter of Joseph Kingman, of 
West Bridgewater, Mass." 

The following paragraphs, from an authentic source, intro- 
duce another eminent teacher. 

Ira Young was born at Lebanon, N. H., May 23, 1801. 
His parents were Samuel and Rebecca (Burnham) Young. 

His early years were chiefly spent in working at his father's 
trade, that of carpenter, though every winter after he was six- 
teen, he taught in one of the district schools in the neighbor- 
hood. He cherished a strong desire for a collegiate education, 
but was not at liberty to take any steps in that direction until 
he became of age. Want of means would have been with 
many in his circumstances an insurmountable obstacle, — not 
so with him. By the willing labor of his hands, he obtained 
in eight months the means of fitting for college at Meriden 
Academy, where he studied one year, and soon after leaving 
that institution, where he stood high in scholarship, he entered 
Dartmouth College. Neither in this year of preparation, nor 
during all his college course, did he ever receive pecuniary 
aid from any individual or society. He paid his way by 
teaching. 

While at Meriden, he became, with many of his classmates, 
savingly interested in religion, and made a public profession 
of his faith in Christ in his native place. His religious expe- 
rience, we have reason to believe, was deep and thorough, — ' 
producing an humble, loving faith in Christ as the only Sav- 
iour, and a sincere, benevolent goodwill to all around him — 
to all mankind. His mind was calm and peaceful — not sub- 
ject to the agitations felt by so many in their rehgious life, 
and his trust and confidence in God were never shaken. He 
could never bear to hear any questioning of the ways of Prov- 
idence, however dark and mysterious they might appear. 
" God wills it," was always enough for him. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 291 

Through his college course he passed with honor and suc- 
cess, taking high rank in a class which was exceptionally good, 
producing a large number of men who were afterwards distin- 
guished in professional and public life. Though himself 
guided in all things by the highest Christian principle, he yet 
knew how to feel for those who were in danger of falling 
into evil courses ; and certainly in one instance, by his tender 
and watchful care, he was the means of reclaiming and saving 
a young friend from threatening ruin. 

He graduated in 1828, and taught afterwards for a year in 
Berwick Academy, Maine, and subsequently in a large public 
school in Boston, from which, in 1830, he was called to a tu- 
torship in Dartmouth College. He held that position for 
three years, during which he continued his theological studies, 
which he had commenced with the ministry in view, and in 
that year he preached regularly in some of the neighboring 
towns. 

He gave up this purpose, however, when he received the 
appointment of Professor of Mathematics, Natural Philoso- 
phy, and Astronomy, in place of Professor Adams, who re- 
signed at that time, August, 1833. Before the close of that 
month, he became Professor Adams' son-in-law by marriage 
to his youngest daughter, Eliza, and seldom were father and 
son more closely united in affection or more happy in mutual 
intercourse. 

In regard to his qualifications for his department and suc- 
cess in the same, it may be well to refer to some remarks con- 
tained in an obituary notice of him, written by one who for 
many years was associated with him in instruction, and who is 
now placed at the head of a sister institution. 

" Professor Young had some qualities which fitted him emi- 
nently for this position. He was, in the first place, thoroughly 
master of the science and literature of his own department. 
Distinguished while in college for mathematical attainments, 
he never relaxed in careful and constant study of those 
branches to which he particularly directed his attention. His 
mind was thoroughly disciplined for truth and not for victory, 
and thus he was ready to test his attainments by the most 
thorough methods. As he was thorough with himself, so he 



292 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

was with his pupils, trying them with doubtful questions 
which the studious could easily answer, but which the ignorant 
could not evade. Yet he was never harsh, nor captious, nor 
irritating, though quick and ingenious in exposing mistakes 
and follies. Besides his ample knowledge, he possessed re- 
markably the power of clear and distinct statement. It was 
the habit of his mind to reduce his facts to principles, and to 
present them in their simplest forms. Few instructors have 
excelled him in the facility with which he could disentangle 
and elucidate a complicated problem, whether for the satisfac- 
tion of his own mind, or the instruction of another. And he 
was as patient as he was acute. Of a quiet temperament, not 
easily roused, nor rendered impatient at the dullness or want 
of perspicuity in another, unless this resulted from a moral 
rather than an intellectual weakness." 

In April, 1853, he went to Europe and spent five months 
abroad, for the purpose of procuring books and instruments 
for the college, especially those which were needed for the 
equipment of the Observatory, whose foundations were laid 
that year. He had labored successfully in obtaining funds for 
this object, in which he took a deep interest, and after the 
completion of the building, it afforded him much pure enjoy- 
ment, as it gave him greatly increased facilities both for ob- 
serving and instructing in his favorite field of science. 

Teaching was to him a real pleasure, and he often said that 
he would not willingly exchange it for any other employment 
that could be offered him. He felt a truly affectionate inter- 
est in the young minds that successively came under his care, 
sympathizing with them in their perplexities and troubles, 
grieving for their errors, and rejoicing in whatever advances 
they made in scientific attainments and true excellence of 
character. Remembering his own early struggles, he felt 
much sympathy with young men similarly situated, and often 
rendered them efficient aid Nor was his care and inter- 
est limited exclusively to the college, but he sought to do 
good ** as he had opportunity," and in the manifold relations 
he sustained to others, in the family, the church, the neighbor- 
hood, the village, his unselfish kindness was ever manifested. 
He held the office of Treasurer of Meriden Academy for several 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 293 

years after the resignation of his predecessor, and at the time 
of his death had been a deacon of the church for twenty years. 

During the summer term of 1858, he was unusually occu- 
pied with college labors, being employed most of the day in 
attending his recitations and lectures, and in preparation for 
them. He had obtained some new philosophical apparatus, 
which interested him much, and he never seemed to find more 
pleasure in his work than then, though it often left him quite 
weary and exhausted. 

At that time there was a remarkable degree of religious in- 
terest throughout the country, in which the college and the 
Tillage shared, and it resulted in numerous conversions. He 
often attended the noon-day prayer meetings of the class he 
was then instructing, and spoke of them with much pleasure ; 
and his own heart was deeply moved by the heavenly in- 
fluence. 

Near the close of July he began to suffer much from a mal- 
ady which, though hidden, must have been long in progress. 
His sufferings were most acute and severe, but never did he 
lose that sweet patience and serenity of spirit he had always 
manifested, nor that calm submission to his Heavenly Father's 
will. He died September 13, 1858. 

In the words of one of his most esteemed associates : " The 
village mourns, for it has lost an excellent citizen ; the church 
mourns, for it has lost an efficient officer ; the college mourns, 
for it has lost a revered teacher ; the State mourns, for it has 
lost an exemplary subject, — one who belonged to that class 
who are justly styled ' the light of the world ! ' " 

Few men in America have ever been called to teach the ab- 
struse science of Mathematics, who combined in such desirable 
proportions a thorough knowledge of the science with a fac- 
ulty of presenting it in a pleasing manner in the recitation 
room. In the happy adjustment of Professor Young's powers 
one could but observe a union of quick perception with almost 
perfect self-control. Whatever the deficiencies of the student, 
a hasty or unguarded or inappropriate or even an unscientific 
word was seldom found in Professor Young's vocabulary. His 
most impressive rebuke was silence. 

In a commemorative " Discourse," President Lord says: 



294 DABTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" During his college course he was an earnest and success- 
ful student. He carried his work before him, finished it in 
its time, and did it well. He studied his lessons and a few 
related books, and scattered not his mind by light, promiscu- 
ous, and aimless reading. He gorged not, but thought and 
digested, and never had a literary dyspepsia. Of course he 
grew right along. He was resolved, prompt, exact, untiring, 
and true as steel. Everybody knew where to find him. He 
studied no popular arts. Though never rough or crusty, he 
was curt and sarcastic ; but no man ever took offense who 
knew the kindness of his heart. His fellow-students loved 
him. His abilities and knowledge commanded their respect ; 
his moral excellence secured their confidence, and his example 
gave him power over their minds and manners. He hated 
and reproved vice, frowned upon all disorder, disdained arti- 
fice and trick, and stood out manfully in support of virtue. 
Once, in the same entry, a few noisy and vicious young men 
set up to be disturbers. They particularly insulted a worthy 
but timid student, who was his neighbor. He took that stu- 
dent to his own room, and gave him countenance and protec- 
tion. Then they committed outrage upon his room, and 
threatened personal abuse. When his remonstrance availed 
nothing, he protested that he would not see such evil perpe- 
trated in college, but would report them. They knew him, 
believed him, desisted, and gave him then the honor of his 
disinterested virtue, as virtue always receives its meed of 
honor when it stands erect on its own prerogative, and is not 
moved by the contradictions of unreasonable and wicked men. 
Yet he was no ascetic. He liked companionship, was not fas- 
tidious or exacting, never petulant or vindictive, but gentle 
and forbearing. He had especial tenderness for those ' good- 
hearted ' young men who can never refuse to do wrong when 
they are invited. A distinguished officer of one of our pro- 
fessional institutions once said to me, — * I was, at one time, 
when in college, thoughtless, self-indulgent, fell among bad 
companions, and was nearly ruined. Mr. Young pitied me, 
took hold of me, and saved me.' That excellent man could 
not now speak of his benefactor without tears of gratitude. 

" How he stood at college, that is, what rank he held. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 295 

whether first, second, or a lower figure in his class, I never 
inquired, and, if I ever heard, I have forgotten. Probably he 
was not equally indifferent, for if there be a more excellent 
way of judgment, it was not quite evident to his calculating 
mind. I have often admired how his professional bias led him 
in his measurement of men, almost as by instinct, to arith- 
metic, as if figures must, of course, be true, and as if insensible 
moral and physical causes did not often greatly modify or 
neutralize numerical computation. But it was a generous 
prejudice, and I have also admired how, in his practical judg- 
ment, he would unconsciously neutralize or modify his profes- 
sional idea. He wanted nothing but realities. He went for 
scholarship and not the show of it. He accepted no metal 
that would not ring. He was accordingly judged by others 
in reference to his sterling qualities. There might have been 
men about him who made a greater figure than himself. It is 
very likely. For, as I remember, strangers sometimes under- 
valued him. Soon after he left college, I was sent to offer 
him the place of tutor. I had not previously known him, 
and my first impressions were not agreeable. I hesitated to 
do my errand. After all it was rather performed than done, 
more after a Roman than a Saxon fashion. But it turned out 
better for his character and the public good, than for my own 
discernment. So of another commission not only from the 
Trustees, but the venerable Professor Adams, to assure him 
that he would, after a while, be wanted to take the chair of 
that noble old man, one of the princes of the earth. They 
who knew him best had marked him, even when he took his 
parchment, for that high position. How well he filled it, and 
every other office he sustained, everybody who knows the 
college knows. 

" Professor Young was a consummate teacher. During his 
college course he taught school every successive winter, as he 
had done for years preceding, and earned nearly enough to pay 
the expenses of his course, for he had high wages, and never 
wasted them on his clothes or pleasures. That discipline 
settled in his mind the elements of knowledge. The princi- 
ples of all true knowledge were already laid ; first, when he 
was born ; and, secondly, when he was born again. He had. 



296 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

of course, tools to work with, and facility to use them for the 
good of others, enlarging all the while his own fabric till he 
became the man of science that he was for his successive 
trusts. He loved, as few men ever love, to teach, and as no 
man can love who begins not early and makes not teaching 
his profession. He went to his last recitation when he should 
have been upon his bed, to find relief from the agonies he 
suffered, and take off his mind from the greater that he feared. 
He was never more at home, or more at ease, than with his 
class. He loved to enrich them out of his own stores, and 
thereby draw out and sharpen their independent faculties. 
He was not disconcerted when he sometimes drew to little 
purpose ; though sure, by set remonstrance, or by his peculiar, 
quaint, dry and caustic humor, to rebuke indifference and 
neglect, or expose the artifice of a bold, shrewd, or sly pre- 
tender. He was sure of what he knew, and never gave way 
without a reason. I have sometimes thought him too sure 
before he scanned a question. Yet he would never persist 
when he saw no foothold. He was set but not dogmatic, or 
no more so than a sincere man must be when he believes what 
he teaches and is in earnest. He would never defend before 
his class a theory because it was new, or because it was 
learned, or because it was his own, or because it was popular, 
or because he would otherwise be ruled out of the synagogue, 
till he had made it sure by calculus, or probable by analogy. 
When convinced that an hypothesis could not be verified in 
the present state of knowledge, or never in logical consistency 
with established facts, or moral certainties, he abandoned it 
like an honest man. But where he had his ground he stood, 
and would have it understood. Of course his teaching was 
effectual. Those who would be made scholars he made sound 
and good ones. He gave a strong character to his departments, 
and his departments were an honor to the college. 

" Professor Young was a ripe scholar in general. He was 
conversant with the accredited branches of knowledge, and 
held an honorable place among learned men. He was modest 
and retiring, content to know, and unconcerned about the ap- 
pearance of it. He liked not to open his mouth in the gate, 
but he had wisdom to deliver the city. Nothing crude, par- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 297 

tial, superficial, or one-sided, ever came from him. His judg- 
ments were clear, comprehensive, and decisive. He was slow, 
critical, and cautious in forming his opinions, and where he 
settled there he stayed. No man could cajole or browbeat 
him out of his convictions. 

" When our professor lay dead before us, the thought arose 
that, now, no longer plodding his way to yonder dome, with 
steps restrained and painful from an unknown disease, no 
longer weary with watching, through his telescope, the distant 
orbs, nor with numbers and diagrams to find their measure, 
he could survey, without a glass, infinitely greater wonders 
from a higher sphere ; for he had profited by his earthly dis- 
cipline : the heavens had declared to him the glory of God, 
and the firmament had showed his handiwork. The day had 
uttered to him speech, and the night had showed to him 
knowledge. Next it occurred how natural religion had been 
thus reproduced in his mind and illustrated by a higher Eev- 
elation : ' The law of the Lord is perfect, converting the 
soul ; the testimonies of the Lord are sure, making wise the 
simple ; the statutes of the Lord are right, rejoicing the 
heart ; the commandment of the Lord is pure, enlightening 
the eyes.' " 



298 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



CHAPTER XXV. 

PROFESSOR STEPHEN CHASE. — PROFESSOR DAVID PEABODY. 
— PROFESSOR WILLIAM COGSWELL. 

Professor Stephen Chase, who succeeded Professor 
Young in the chair of Mathematics, the latter retaining the 
department of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy, was the 
son of Benjamin Pike and Mary (Chase) Chase, and was born 
at Chester, N. H., August 30, 1813. 

The following notice of this distinguished mathematician is 
from a commemorative " Discourse " by President Lord : — 

" In the first class that entered the college, after my con- 
nection with it, nearly twenty-three years ago, a young man, 
spare, tall, as yet unformed in manner, soon engaged the at- 
tention of his teachers. We marked his mild, serene, yet 
quick and penetrating eye, his independent, unaffected, yet 
modest and regulated movement, his lively, versatile, earnest, 
and comprehensive mind, his cheerful and honest diligence, 
his punctual attendance upon the exercises of the college, his 
respectful, but unstudied and confiding deportment towards 
his superiors, his frank and generous, but reserved inter- 
course with his fellow students, his care in selecting his most 
intimate associates, and his quiet, unpretending, yet exact 
and intelligent performance of all the studies of the course. 
An indifferent stranger would not have noticed him, except, 
perhaps, to criticize his unique exterior ; and his fellow stu- 
dents, as is natural to young persons who are most impressed 
by sesthetical manner and accomplishment, did not dignify 
him as a leader or an oracle. But a deeper insight convinced 
his teachers that, whatever partial observers might think want- 
ing in respect to artistic excellence, was well supplied by more 
substantial and enduring qualities. Their eye followed him, 
while here, as a sound-minded, true-hearted young man, and 



DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 299 

a thorough scholar ; and, after he had graduated, as a teacher 
at the South, and in two of the oldest academies of New Eng- 
land. In these different relations he fully justified the good 
name which he had left behind him at the college, till, the 
proper occasions serving, he was called back to be first a tutor, 
and then professor of the Mathematics. The subsequent 
course of Mr. Chase proved that his instructors had not mis- 
calculated his powers, nor over-estimated his qualifications for 
one of the most difficult and trying positions in a learned in- 
stitution. 

" Professor Chase performed the duties of his office without 
interruption till the close of the last term, during a period 
of about thirteen years ; and died, after a short illness, in va- 
cation, while yet a young man. He was scarcely thirty-eight 
years of age. Yet he was old, if we measure time, as schol- 
ars should, not by the motion of the heavenly bodies, but the 
succession of ideas. He had made great proficiency in knowl- 
edge. Well he might ; for he had great susceptibilities. His 
temperament was ardent, his instincts were lively, his percep- 
tions keen, his thoughts rapid, his reasoning faculties sharp, 
his imagination fiery, and his will determined. No man has 
all his active powers proportioned ; for that would constitute 
perfection, which exists not in this world any more in physi- 
cal than in moral natures. But his balance was less disturbed 
than most, and, consequently, he was capable of various and 
large attainments. What he could he did, for his spirit was 
earnest, and his industry untiring. He had become well 
founded and extensively versed in most departments of lib- 
eral study, and it would be difficult to say in what branch of 
knowledge he would have been most competent to excel. He 
was not a genius ; that is, no one power of the mind absorbed 
the others, and his culture was not unequal. Therefore he 
would not have glared for a while, like a meteor, and then ex- 
ploded, but he would have stood one of the pillars of learn- 
ing, and a true conservator of society. 

" A man of excellent constitutional faculties, like Mr. Chase, 
must use them, if Providence gives him opportunity. He has 
a self-moving power. He cannot be still. Use of the facul- 
ties increases their facility and productiveness ; and the in- 



300 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

crease of products increases the love of acquisition. His 
gains, and his consequent love of gain, will be according to 
the Providential direction which he takes, whether to a trade, 
an art, a profession, to the pursuit of wealth, or power, or 
general knowledge. Mr. Chase's direction was to knowledge. 
He acquired it easily, his stores rapidly increased, and the 
love of it became a passion. He loved knowledge as some 
men love pleasure, and others gold, for its own sake. Yet 
not exclusively, for he was genial, warm-hearted, and hu- 
mane. He appreciated the enjoyments of personal, domestic, 
and social life. No man could be more affectionate, kind, 
generous, or public-spirited. He was never a recluse or an 
ascetic. He was ready to take anything in hand, and liked to 
have his hands full. He desired an estate, he studied a pro- 
fession, he amused himself with useful arts, he loved a farm, 
a garden, an orchard, a fruitery, an apiary ; and occasionally, 
to do the work proper to them all himself ; and he did it well. 
But knowledge, science, in the largest sense, was his heau 
ideal. 

" Professor Chase, as might be expected, had great excel- 
lence as a teacher and governor of college. His ideal of edu- 
cation may be inferred from his personal culture. This had 
always been general and liberal. He omitted no branch of 
important knowledge. He accepted nothing partial. He be- 
lieved in none of the romantic expedients which are often 
hastily adopted, and successively abandoned, for making schol- 
ars without materials, and forcing public institutions of learn- 
ing, for a present popular effect, off from the methods which 
nature has prescribed, and experience has sanctioned. He re- 
garded a college as a place not so much of learning, as of 
preparation for learning, — a school of discipline, to bring the 
student up to manhood with ability to perform thenceforth 
the hard work of a man in his particular profession. To that 
end no part of fundamental study could be spared. He would 
as soon have judged that young men could be trained to ex- 
cellence in the mechanic arts, while they disused any impor- 
tant organ of the body ; or a sculptor elaborate a perfect 
model by chiseling only the limbs. He would not expect 
such a mechanic, or artist, or educators of the same school, to 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 301 

find either honorable or lucrative employment, when society, 
though temporarily blinded by ingenious but visionary proj- 
ects of improvement, should learn the practical difference be- 
tween the whole of anything and its parts. He would not 
have consented that any other department of college study 
should be sacrificed even to the Mathematics. 

" But he would have the Mathematics lie, physically, where 
God has placed it, at the foundation. He would have the 
student early settled and accustomed to the most approved 
methods and varieties of demonstrative science. He would 
discipline the mind among the certainties of numbers, that 
it might better search for truth among the probabilities of 
things ; just as we learn to swim where we can touch bottom 
before it is safe to plunge into the deep. He judged soundly 
that one must learn to use his reason before he can wisely ap- 
ply it to the purposes of life ; and that without this prelim- 
inary training nothing else can be learned well ; and that 
whatever otherwise seem to be accomplishments, turn out, at 
length, to be fantasies that vanish in the turmoil and struggle 
of life, or mislead men into a false and fickle management of 
affairs. Wherefore he felt the peculiar responsibihty of his 
position with all the intenseness of his earnest and far-reach- 
ing mind. He knew that his department, though most diffi- 
cult to be commended to young men in general, was most 
indispensable to their success, and he sought accordingly to 
magnify his office. That he was a complete master of it is 
out of question. Of this he has left enduring monuments ; 
and not the least, I am happy to say, in minds which he had 
trained. 

*' His own perception of relations was like intuition, and 
hence he was sometimes uneasy at the embarrassments of 
students, even when involuntary, and much more, when the 
result of indifference or neglect, even though they might at 
times be increased by the rapidity of his own illustrations. 
I should have dreaded to be taken by Professor Chase to 
the blackboard, unless I had a good lesson, or a good con- 
science; and I could not have been sure that the latter 
would avail me without the former. But though I should 
have shrunk from the criticism, I should have respected the 



302 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

man. If I feared him in the lecture-room, I should honor 
him in his study ; for there his warm heart would open to the 
story of my mental trials, and he would lead me, and help 
me to bear my burdens, with the kindness of an elder brother. 
He was exacting, but he was humane ; he was impatient, but 
full of generous sympathies. These qualities might not al- 
ways be tempered in the hurry of an occasion, but found their 
balance in the leisure and quiet intercourse of retirement. He 
was just and faithful. He had strong likes, but he would 
yield a favorite when he must ; and strong dislikes, but he 
was incapable of hate. He stopped short of all extremes. 
You could move him easily either way on the current of the 
sympathies ; but you could not tempt him to do wrong. As 
with the judgment, so with the sensibilities ; they were led 
by conscience. As with the love of knowledge, so with the 
passions ; they were subject to the love of truth. Whatever 
the occasional excitement of the intellect or the feelings, there 
was that in his mind which made it impossible for him to be 
an enemy of God or man. The soul had been harmonized by 
grace. 

" Mr. Chase had a pious ancestry, and was brought up by 
Christian parents in the fear of God. An excellent mother, 
an invalid in his childhood, sat much in her arm-chair with 
the Bible on her knee. She used it with her little boy as she 
would a primer. Before he was four years old he had learned 
to read it, and read through the New Testament ; and that 
particular volume now remains the best part of his estate. 
He was ever afterwards a diligent student of the Bible, and 
never ceased to honor the father and mother who had led him 
in this way of life. Filial reverence was one of his most beau- 
tiful and characteristic tra^its. It was a natural step to the 
fear of God ; and the early fear of God is likely to be suc- 
ceeded, according to the covenant, by that love of God which, 
when perfected, casteth out fear. During his third year at 
college he became, as he hoped, regenerate, and professed his 
faith in Christ. It is said that his religious awakening at that 
time was unusually deep ; his awe of the Divine government 
and his sense of sin profound ; his acknowledgment of God's 
justice and general sovereignty unreserved ; and his trust in 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 303 

Christ for justification free and unqualified. That sheet-an- 
chor saved him. It brought him up, subsequently, in the 
hour of danger. When the fitful and rough winds of the 
spirit of the power of the air beat upon him, and the swelling 
waters went over his soul, it dragged, but it held. It was cast 
within the veil. That New Testament in his childhood, that 
subjection to his parents, that conversion at college, — they 
were blessings to him and to us that can be measured only 
by eternity. 

" It was a sorrowful day when, in the solitude and stillness 
of the winter vacation, we laid him in the tomb. It was sor- 
rowful in that house where he had been the joy and hope of 
loving and trusting hearts, and had found rest from the cares 
and vexations of official life ; where a sincere, unworldly, un- 
artificial hospitality always reigned ; whence tokens of kind- 
ness went freely round to friends, and compassionate charity 
to the poor. It was sorrowful to his colleagues, for we trusted 
him, his knowledge and judgment, his integrity and zeal, 
his faithfulness and efficiency, his independence and courage. 
We knew that he was above pretense, artifice, and duplicity ; 
that in his keeping, righteous principle was safe, and over his 
application of it wisdom, benevolence, and firmness would 
preside. It was sorrowful to the village, for he was known 
to be a just man, a kind neighbor, and a good citizen. He 
was always ready to do what he could for the common 
welfare, and to bear his proportion of the common burdens. 
Every man in the community felt that he had lost a friend." 

The scientific world could have no better demonstration of 
Professor Chase's rare mathematical talents than his text book 
on Algebra, which is still used in one department of the col- 
lege. 

Professor Chase married Sarah Thompson, daughter of 
Ichabod Goodwin, and granddaughter of General Ichabod 
Goodwin, of South Berwick, Me. He died at Hanover, Jan- 
uary 7, 1851. 

In *' Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit," we find the 
following notice — furnished by the kindness of Rev. Daniel 
L. Furbur, D. D. — of a gentleman of great worth, whose 
early death was a serious loss to the college : 



304 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" David Peabody, the j^oungest son of John and Lydia 
(Balch) Peabody, was born at Topsfield, Mass., April 16, 
1805. He was employed more or less upon his father's farm 
till he was fifteen or sixteen years of age ; but as his physical 
constitution was thought to be not well suited to agricultural 
life, and as his early tastes were more than ordinarily intel- 
lectual, and he had a strong desire for a collegiate education, 
his father consented to gratify him ; and, in the spring of 
1821, he commenced the study of Latin at Dummer Acad- 
emy, Byfield. The same year his thoughts were earnestly 
directed to the great subject of his own salvation, though he 
did not feel so much confidence in the genuineness of his re- 
ligious exercises as to make a public profession of his faith 
until three years afterwards. In 1824, he united with the 
Congregational Church in his native place, and in the autumn 
of the same year joined the Freshman class in Dartmouth 
College. 

"By severe labor during his collegiate course, he overtasked 
his naturally feeble constitution, and thus prepared the way 
for much future debility and suffering. He was graduated in 
1828, on which occasion he delivered the valedictory oration. 

" After spending a few weeks in recruiting his health at 
his father's, he became, for a short time, assistant editor of 
the * New Hampshire Observer,* at Portsmouth, but before 
the close of 1828 he entered the Theological Seminary at 
Andover. In the spring of 1829, he accepted an invitation 
to take charge of a Young Ladies' Select School at Ports- 
mouth ; but in the autumn of 1830 his declining health 
obhged him to relinquish it, and to seek a Southern residence. 
He went to Prince Edward County, Virginia, and secured a 
situation as teacher in an excellent family, — that of Dr. Mor- 
ton, and at the same time entered the Union Theological 
Seminary, of which the Rev. Dr. John H. Rice was the 
founder and principal professor. He remained in the family 
of Dr. Morton till he had completed the prescribed course of 
study, and was licensed to preach by the West Hanover Pres- 
bytery in April, 1831 ; after which he supplied the church 
at Scottsville for six months. So acceptable were his services, 
that the congregation would gladly have retained him as their 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 305 

pastor ; but, as he preferred a Northern residence, he declined 
all overtures for a settlement, and returned to New England, 
with his health much improved, in 1832. In November of 
the same year he was ordained pastor of the First Church in 
Lynn, Mass. In September, 1834, he was married to Maria, 
daughter of Lincoln Brigham, then of Cambridge, but for- 
merly of Southborough, Mass. In January, 1835, he was at- 
tacked with a severe hemorrhage, which greatly reduced his 
strength, and obliged him for a season to intermit his labors. 
Finding the climate unfavorable, he reluctantly came to the 
determination to resign his pastoral charge, with a view of 
seeking an inland home, when his health should be suflBciently 
recruited to justify him in resuming the stated duties of the 
ministry. 

" Accordingly, in the spring of 1835, he was dismissed, 
after which he spent some time in traveling for the benefit 
of his health, at the same time acting as an agent for the 
Massachusetts Sabbath-school Society. His health now rap- 
idly improved, and on the 15th of July succeeding his dismis- 
sion, he was installed as pastor of the Calvinist Church in 
Worcester. 

" The change of climate seemed, for a time, highl}^ bene- 
ficial, and had begun to induce the hope that his health might 
become fully established ; but, in the winter of 1835-36, he 
was prostrated by another attack of hemorrhage, which again 
clouded his prospects of ministerial usefulness. In the spring 
of 1836, his health had so far improved that he resumed his 
ministerial labors and continued them through the summer ; 
but in September, his symptoms again became more unfavor- 
able, and he determined, in accordance with medical advice, 
to try the effect of a sea V03^age and a winter in the South. 
Accordingly, he sailed in November for New Orleans ; and, 
on arriving there, decided on going to St. Francisville, a 
village on the Mississippi. Here he remained during the 
winter, preaching to both the white and colored population, 
as his strength would allow. In the spring, he returned to 
his pastoral charge, with his health considerably invigorated. 
He labored pretty constantly, though not without much debil- 
ity, until the succeeding spring (1838), when he found it 
20- 



306 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

necessary again to desist from his labors, and take a season of 
rest. In company with a friend, he journeyed through a part 
of Vermont and New Hampshire, and on reaching Hanover, 
the day after Commencement, was surprised to learn that he 
had been appointed professor of Rhetoric in Dartmouth Col- 
lege. Conscious of his inability to meet any longer the claims 
of a pastoral charge, and hoping that his health might be ad- 
equate to the lighter duties of a professorship, he could not 
doubt that the indications of Providence were in favor of his 
accepting the appointment. He did accept it, and shortly 
after resigned his charge at Worcester, amidst many expres- 
sions of affection and regret on the part of his people, and, in 
October following, entered on the duties of his professorship. 

" The change of labor proved highly beneficial, and during 
the winter of 1838-39, he enjoyed a degree of health which 
he had not known for many previous years. In March, he 
was so much encouraged in respect to himself that he re- 
marked to a friend that he thought God would indulge the 
cherished wish of his heart, and permit him again to labor as 
a minister. But another cloud quickly appeared in his hori- 
zon, which proved ominous of the destruction of all his earthly 
hopes. In April following, he suffered from an attack of 
pleurisy, which was followed by lung fever ; and, though he 
so far recovered as to be able to attend to his college duties 
till the September following, it became manifest to all that 
his disease was, on the whole, advancing towards a fatal ter- 
mination. He died at the age of thirty-four years and six 
months, on the 17th of October, 1839. Plis last days were 
rendered eminently tranquil by the blessed hopes and conso- 
lations of the gospel. His funeral sermon was preached by 
the Rev. Dr. Lord, President of Dartmouth College, and was 
published. He left no children. 

" Mr. Peabody's published works are a brief ' Memoir of 
Horace Bassett Morse,' 1830 ; a Discourse on ' The Conduct 
of Men Considered in Contrast with the Law of God,' 1836 ; 
a ' Sermon on the Sin of Covetousness, Considered in Re- 
spect to Intemperance, Indian Oppression, Slavery,' etc., 
1838 ; the * Patriarch of Hebron, or the History of Abraham ' 
(posthumous), 1841." 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 307 



FROM THE REV. SAMUEL G. BROWN, D. D. 

"Dartmouth College, July 25, 1856. 

" My dear Sir : It gives me great pleasure to send you 
my impressions of Professor Peabody, though others could 
write with more authority. I knew him in college, where he 
was my senior. He belonged to a class of great excellence, 
and was honorably distinguished throughout his college course 
for general scholarship, diligence, fidelity, and great weight 
of personal influence, in favor of all things ' excellent and of 
good report.' His character was mature and his mind al- 
ready well disciplined when he entered the class, and educa- 
tion had perhaps less to accomplish for him in the matter of 
elegant culture than for almost any one of his associates. 
Hence there was not the same conspicuous progress in him as 
in some others. Yet at the time of graduation he stood 
among the first, as is indicated by the fact that he was the 
orator of one of the literary societies, and was selected by 
the Faculty to deliver the valedictory oration at Commence- 
ment. In every department of study he was a good scholar, 
— in the classical, moral, and rhetorical departments, preemi- 
nent. As a preacher, he was distinguished for a certain full- 
ness and harmony of style, justness in the exposition of doc- 
trine, and weight of exhortation. He was prudent without 
being timid, and zealous without being rash ; eminently prac- 
tical, though possessing a love of ideal beauty, and a cultivated 
and sensitive taste, and as far removed from formalism on the 
one side as from fanaticism on the other. Dignified and cour- 
teous in manner, he was highly respected by all his acquaint- 
ances, and while a pastor, greatly esteemed and beloved by 
his people. His fine natural qualities were marred by few 
blemishes, and his religious character was steadily and con- 
stantly developed year by year. Grave, sincere, earnest, he 
went about his labors as one mindful of his responsibility, and 
as seen under his ' great Task-master's eye.' Indeed his anx- 
ieties outran his strength, and he was obliged to leave undone 
much that was dearest to his hopes. The disease to which he 
finally yielded had more than once ' weakened his strength in 
the way,' before he was finally prostrated by it. The conse- 



308 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

quent uncertainty of life had perhaps imparted to him more 
than usual seriousness, and a deep solicitude to work while 
the day lasted. He performed the duties of a professor in 
college but a single year, and that with some interruptions. 
No better account of the general impression of his life on those 
who knew him best can be given than in the language of a 
sermon preached at his funeral by the Rev. Dr. Lord. 

" ' What his private papers show him to have felt in the 
presence of his God was made evident, also, in his social and 
official intercourse. Intelligent, grave, dignified ; conscien- 
tious in all his relations, from the student upwards to the 
teacher, the pastor, the professor ; nothing empty as a scholar, 
nothing unsettled or inconsistent as a divine, nothing vague 
or groundless as an instructor ; sincere, generous, honorable, 
devout ; keenly sensitive in respect to the proprieties and 
charities of life ; warm in his affections, strong in his attach- 
ments, stern in his integrity; above the arts of policy, the 
jealousies of competition, the subserviency of party spirit, and 
simply intent upon serving God, in his own house, and in all 
his official ministrations, he was one of the few who are quali- 
fied to be models for the young, ornaments to general society, 
and pillars in the church of God.' 

" Hoping, dear sir, that this hasty and imperfect sketch 
may be of some trifling service in commemorating a good man, 
who deserves something much better, 

" I am very truly your obedient friend and servant, 

" S. G. Brown." 

FROM THE REV. JOHN NELSON, D. D. 

" Leicester, July 23, 1856. 

" My dear Sir : My personal acquaintance with the Rev. 
Mr. Peabody was limited to the period during which he was 
the pastor of the Central Church, in Worcester. While he 
held that office, I had, I may say, an intimate, — certainly 
a most happy, acquaintance with him. I often saAV him in 
his own house, and often received him as a welcome guest in 
mine. I often met him in the association to which we both 
belonged and in ecclesiastical councils. 

" I remember him as having a rather tall and commanding 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 309 

figure, and a benign countenance, beaming with intelligence, 
especially when engaged in conversation. This appearance, 
however, was modified by constant ill health. No one could 
be with him without receiving the impression that he was a 
scholar, as well as a deep and accurate thinker. 

" The few sermons which I heard him read, or deliver from 
the pulpit, were of a high order, distinguished for both accu- 
racy of style and power of thought. They were clear, me- 
thodical, and highly eloquent. It was my own impression, 
and I know it was the impression of some of his most distin- 
guished hearers, that he was among the best preachers of his 
time. In ecclesiastical councils he was shrewd, discerning, 
and wise. As a friend, he was always reliable. His moral 
character was not only high, but well balanced, and marred 
by no inconsistencies. 

"It is presumed that no one will dissent from the state- 
ment that, during the few years he was in Worcester, by his 
intelligence, his manly virtues, his kindness of heart, his 
active labors for the advancement of Christ's kingdom, and 
his ability as well as faithfulness as a preacher, he greatly 
commended himself, not only to the people of his immediate 
charge, but to the whole community in which he labored. 
" Afl^ectionately yours, 

"John Nelson." 

We are indebted to " Sprague's Annals of the American 
Pulpit" for yet another notice — furnished by the kindness 
of Rev. Daniel Lancaster — of a gentleman widely known to 
the friends of education and religion. 

" William Cogswell, the son of Dr. William and Judith 
(Badger) Cogswell, was born in Atkinson, N. H., June 5, 
1787. He was a descendant from John Cogswell, of West- 
bury, Wiltshire, England, who, with his family, sailed from 
Bristol in a vessel called the ' Angel Gabriel,' June 4, 1635, 
and was wrecked at Pemaquid (now Bristol), Maine. He set- 
tled at Chebacco, now Essex, then a part of Ipswich, Mass., 
where he died November 29, 1669, about fifty-eight years old. 
His father was distinguished as a physician and a magistrate, 
and held the office of hospital surgeon in the army during the 



310 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

war that gave us our Independence. His mother was a 
daughter of the Hon. Joseph Badger, of Gilmanton, a gentle- 
man of great respectability and for a long time in public life. 

" Under the influence of good parental instruction, his mind 
was early formed to a deep sense of the importance of relig- 
ion; but it was not till he was fitting for college at Atkinson, 
that he received those particular religious impressions which 
he considered as maridng the commencement of his Christian 
life. He did not make a public profession of religion until 
the close of his Junior year, September, 1810 ; at that time 
he, with both his parents, and all his brothers and sisters, 
nine in number, received baptism, and were admitted to the 
church on the same day, in his native place, by the Rev. 
Stephen Peabody. 

" He became a member of Dartmouth College in 1807. 
Having maintained a highl}^ respectable standing in a class 
that has since numbered an unusual proportion of distin- 
guished men, he graduated in 1811. For two years after 
leaving college, he was occupied in teaching in the Atkinson 
and Hampton Academies. But, during this time, having 
resolved to enter the ministry, he commenced the study of 
Theology under the direction of the Rev. Mr. Webster of 
Hampton, and subsequently continued it under Dr. Dana of 
Newburyport, and Dr. Worcester of Salem, — chiefly the lat- 
ter. Having received license to preach from the Piscataqua 
Association, September 29, 1813, he performed a tour of mis- 
sionary service in New Hampshire, and at the close of Decem- 
ber, 1813, returned to Massachusetts, and accepted an invi- 
tation to preach as a candidate for settlement, in the south 
parish in Dedham. After laboring there a few weeks, he re- 
ceived a unanimous call, which, in due time, he accepted, 
and on the 20th of April, 1815, he was duly set apart to the 
pastoral office. Here he continued laboriously and usefully 
employed about fourteen years, during which time the church 
under his care was doubled in numbers, and enjoyed a high 
degree of spiritual prosperity. 

»' In June, 1829, he was appointed general agent of the 
American Education Society, and he accordingly resigned 
his pastoral charge with a view to an acceptance of the place. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 311 

He entered upon the duties of his new office in August fol- 
lowing, and so acceptable were his services, and so well 
adapted was he found to be to such a field of labor, that in 
January, 1832, he was elected secretary and director of the 
Society. His duties now became exceedingly arduous, and his 
situation one of vast responsibility. In addition to all the 
other labors incident to his situation, he had an important 
agency in conducting the ' Quarterly Journal and Register of 
the American Education Society,' — a work that required 
great research, and that has preserved much for the benefit of 
posterity which would otherwise have been irrecoverably lost. 

" In 1833, he was honored with the degree of Doctor of 
Divinity, by Williams College. 

"It became manifest, after a few years, that Dr. Cogswell's 
physical constitution was gradually yielding to the immense 
pressure to which it was subjected. He accordingly signified 
to the Board of Directors of the Education Society his inten- 
tion to resign his office as secretary, as soon as a successor 
could be found. He was induced, however, by their urgent 
solicitation, to withhold his resignation for a short time ; 
though in April, 1841, his purpose was carried out, and his 
resignation accepted. The Board with which he had been 
connected, rendered, on his taking leave of them, the most 
honorable testimony to the ability and fidelity with which he 
had discharged the duties of his office. 

" On the same month that he determined on resigning his 
place in the Education Society, he was appointed by the Trus- 
tees of Dartmouth College, professor of History and National 
Education. Here again his labors were very oppressive, as 
he was obliged not only to prepare a course of lectures on a 
subject comparatively new, but to perform much other ser- 
vice, especially in the way of collecting funds to endow his 
professorship. He was chiefly instrumental, at this time, in 
establishing the Northern Academy of Arts and Sciences, and 
of gathering for it a library of about two thousand volumes. 

" But while he was thus actively and usefully engaged, he 
was invited to the presidency of the Theological Seminary at 
Gilmanton, in connection also with the professorship of The- 
ology, and a general agency in collecting funds. There were 



312 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

many circumstances that led him to think favorably of the 
proposal, and finally to accept it. He accordingly removed 
his famil}^ to Gilmanton, in January, 1844. 

" His expectations in this last field of labor seem scarcely 
to have been realized. The removal of one of the professors 
to another institution, devolved upon him an amount of labor 
which he had not anticipated, and he found it impossible to 
attend to the business of instruction, and at the same time to 
be abroad among the churches soliciting pecuniary aid. At 
length, finding that the public mind was greatly divided as 
to the expediency of making any further efforts to sustain the 
institution, he recommended that its operations should, for 
the time being, be suspended ; though he considered it as only 
a suspension, and confidently believed that it had yet an im- 
portant work to perform. He held himself ready after this 
to give private instruction in Theolog}^, whenever it was 
desired. 

" In 1848, Dr. Cogswell suffered a severe domestic affliction 
in the death of his only son, — a young man of rare promise, 
at the age of twenty. This seemed to give a shock to his 
constitution from which he never afterwards fully recovered. 
He acted as a stated suppl}^ to the First Church in Gilmanton 
until the early part of January, 1850, when he was suddenly 
overtaken with a disease of the heart that eventuall}^ termi- 
nated his life. He preached on the succeeding Sabbath (Jan- 
uary 13), but it was for the last time. He performed some 
literary labor after this, and read the concluding proof sheet 
of a work that he was carrying through the press for the 
New Hampshire Historical Society. When he found that 
death was approaching, though at first he seemed to wish to 
live, that he might carry out some of his plans of usefulness, 
not yet accomplished, he soon became perfectly reconciled to 
the prospect of his departure. He died in serene triumph, — 
connecting all his hopes of salvation with the truths he had 
preached, — April 18, 1850. His funeral sermon was preached 
by the Rev. Daniel Lancaster of Gilmanton, and was pub- 
lished. 

" Dr. Cogswell was a member of the Massachusetts His- 
torical Society, of the American Antiquarian Society, and of 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 313 

the New England Historic and Genealogical Society. He 
was also an Honorary Member of the Historical Societies of 
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New 
Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Georgia, and a Corresponding 
Member of the National Institution for the Promotion of Sci- 
ence at Washington. 

'* The following is a list of Dr. Cogswell's publications ' 
* A Sermon on the Nature and Extent of the Atonement,' 
1816. ' A Sermon containing the History of the South 
Parish, Dedhara,' 1816. 'A Sermon on the Suppression of 
Intemperance,' 1818. 'A Catechism on the Doctrines and 
Duties of Religion,' 1818. ' A Sermon on the Nature and 
Evidences of the Inspiration of the Sacred Scriptures,' 1819. 
' A Sermon before the Auxiliary Education Society of Norfolk 
County,' 1826. ' Assistant to Family Religion,' 1826. ' A 
Sermon on Religious Liberty,' 1828. ' A Valedictory Dis- 
course to the South Parish, Dedham,' 1829. ' Theological 
Class Book,' 1831. ' Harbinger of the Millennium,' 1833. 
' Letters to Young Men Preparing for the Ministry,' 1837. 
In addition to the above. Dr. Cogswell wrote the ' Reports of 
the American Education Society' for eight years — from 1833 
to 1840 ; and two ' Reports of the Northern Academy.' He 
was the principal editor of the ' American Quarterly Regis- 
ter ' for several years ; was editor also of the ' New Hamp- 
shire Repository,' published at Gilmanton, N. H. ; of the first 
volume of the ' New England Historical and Genealogical 
Register ; ' of a paper in Georgetown, Mass., called the 'Mas- 
sachusetts Observer,' for a short time ; and of the sixth vol- 
ume of the ' New Hampshire Historical Collections.' 

" Dr. Cogswell was married on the 11th of November, 
1818, to Joanna, daughter of the Rev. Jonathan Strong, D. 
D., of Randolph, Mass. They had three children, — one son 
and two daughters. 

FROM THE EEV. SAMUEL G. BROWN, D. D., 

PROFESSOR IN DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

"Hanover, April 10, 1856. 

*' My dear Sir : I had the pleasure of considerable ac- 
quaintance with the Rev. Dr. Cogswell, though only during 



314 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

the later years of his life. He was not then accustomed to 
preach, except occasionally to supply a vacant pulpit, or as a 
part of his duty as secretary of the Education Society, or in 
connection with his professorship in Dartmouth College, or 
the Theological Seminary at Gilmanton. He had formed his 
style on the model of the older preachers and theologians, and 
if he had something of their formality, he had much of their 
Scriptural simplicity of statement and devoutness of feeling. 
His sermons, so far as I remember them, though showing a 
careful adherence to the doctrinal opinions of the fathers of 
New England, were not of a polemic character, but were 
marked by good sense, earnestness, a Biblical mode of address, 
and warm Christian sympathies. 

" From natural kindness of heart, he avoided unnecessary 
controversy, and was especially solicitous to harmonize and 
unite by charity, rather than by acuteness to discriminate dif- 
ferences among brethren, or to separate them by severity of 
judgment. Not ambitious, he was yet gratified by the appro- 
bation and good opinion of others, and loved a position where 
he might be prominent in labors of charity. Neglect or con- 
tumely wounded but did not embitter him. No feeling of 
ill-nature was suffered to disturb his peace or check his liber- 
ality. 

" Among the prominent traits of his character was a sin- 
cere and unwearied benevolence. He was interested in young 
men, and his labors as secretary of the American Education 
Society were stimulated even more by love of the work than 
by a sense of official responsibility. He was thoroughly de- 
voted to the objects which interested him, and though one 
might differ from him in judgment with respect to measures, 
none doubted his sincerity or refused him the praise of un- 
sparing fidelity. 

'' His tastes led him to antiquarian pursuits, and he was 
prominent in founding and conducting several learned socie- 
ties which have done much to rescue valuable knowledge from 
oKlivion, and thus to secure the materials for future history. 

" He bore adversity with meekness and patience. What 
might have crushed a harder spirit, but gave his greater sym- 
metry. The latter years of his life, though darkened with 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 315 

many disappointments, were illustrated by the exhibition of 
admirable and noble traits of character, such as few, except 
his most intimate friends, supposed him so fully to possess. 
The death of an only and very promising son while in college, 
and the failure of some favorite plans, seemed only to develop 
a touching and beautiful Christian resignation and a high 
magnanimity. Not a murmur was heard from his lips under 
his irreparable loss, nor an unkind or reproachful word at the 
disappointment of his expectations ; nor did an unsubmissive 
or harsh thought seem to find a place in his heart. Those 
especially who witnessed his last sickness were deeply im- 
pressed with the Christian virtues and graces which found a 
free expression in the hour of trial. 

" Dr. Cogswell was portly in appearance, grave and digni- 
fied in his bearing, and eminently courteous in manner. He 
will be remembered with kindness by all who knew him, and 
by many with a feeling of strong gratitude and affection. 

" With great regard, your obliged friend and servant, 

" S. G. Brown." 



CHAPTER XXVI. 

PROF. JOHN NEWTON PUTNAM. — PROF. JOHN S. WOODMAN. 
PROF. CLEMENT LONG. — OTHER TEACHERS. 

The following notice pf the eminent scholar who succeeded 
Professor Crosby in the chair of Greek, is from a Commemo- 
rative " Discourse " by Professor Brown. 

John Newton Putnam was the son of Simeon and Abi- 
gail Brigham (Fay) Putnam, and was born December 26, 
1822, in what was then the north parish of the beautiful 
town of Andover, Massachusetts. His father, a graduate of 
Harvard in the Class of 1811, was for many years teacher 
of a classical school of high character in North Andover, in 
which the son received his elementary training and discipline. 
His mother was a lady of exquisite refinement and beaut}^ of 
character, of great gentleness and tender grace. Soon after 
the death of his father, in 1833, he entered Phillips Academy 
in Andover, then under the charge of that excellent scholar, 
Mr. Osgood Johnson, where he successfully completed the 
usual course of study preparatory to entering college. 

Being still quite young, and already showing uncommon 
aptitude for study, he went with his instructor and friend. 
Rev. Thatcher Thayer, to the town of Dennis, upon Cape 
Cod, where he spent four years in quiet and delightful appli- 
cation. 

Dr. Thayer says of his classical studies : 

" He recited each day, in review, the whole of the past les- 
son from memory, without book, first the Latin or Greek and 
then the English. At each lesson questions were asked which, 
if he could not answer, he was required to answer at the next 
recitation, from various helps furnished him. This often led 
to long and varied investigations. He wrote as much as he 
read, — perhaps more. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 317 

"If tliose studying with him might smile a little at his 
want of athletic zeal and vigor, there was no room for smiling 
when it came to Greek, or indeed any mental exercise. Be- 
sides, his wit, though gentle, could gleam, and then they all 
respected him for his character, and loved him for his win- 
ning spirit." 

In the autumn of 1840, he entered the Sophomore class of 
this college, ready to make full use of the ample opportuni- 
ties granted him. With what modesty and beauty he bore 
himself here, with what fidelity in every relation, with what 
admirable scholarship, with what generous aims, with what 
simplicity and purity of motive, with what love of learning, 
and desire not merely of meeting the claims of the recitation- 
room, but of perfecting himself in every branch of liberal cul- 
ture, how constantly this noble desire possessed him from his 
first day among us down to the closing hour when he dis- 
coursed so fitly and with such maturity on " Poetry — an 
instinctive philosophy," those know best who were most fa- 
miliar with his college life. One testimony to this is so full 
and generous, and of such weighty authority, that I cannot 
forbear to give it. It is from the accomplished scholar who 
filled the chair of Greek for many years before Professor 
Putnam.^ 

" I could not hope," he says, " to express, by any words at 
my command, the peculiar charm which Professor Putnam's 
scholarship and character had for me. I never heard him 
recite without being impressed with the wonderful perfection 
of his scholarship. His translation was so faultlessly accurate, 
and yet in such exquisite taste, his analysis and parsing were 
so philosophical and minutely exact, and his information upon 
illustrative points of history, biography, antiquities, and lit- 
erature, was so full and ready, that I listened with admira- 
tion, and to become myself a learner. How often I had the 
feeling that we ought to change places ! and when I had de- 
cided to resign my situation in the college, my mind imme- 
diately turned to him as a successor, assured that the college 
would be most fortunate if it could secure his services." It 
need not be said how fully Professor Putnam reciprocated 

1 Professor Alpheus Crosby. 



318 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

this esteem, nor what vahie he attached to the exact and 
thorough discipline of his instructor. 

Nor was it in the department of languages alone that he 
was distinguished, but almost equally in every other, as much 
in those studies which demand the independent and original 
action of the mind as those which mainly require close atten- 
tion, and the faculty of acquisition. His modesty was then, 
as always, so marked, and his ideal of excellence so high, that 
it required some sense of duty to bring his powers to a public 
test. He never thrust himself into a place of responsibility, 
or sought distinction for distinction's sake. 

He had in college the desire and purpose which he always 
retained, — to complete himself in every art and ever}^ manly 
exercise. Hence his study of music, not onl}^ as a recreation, 
but as a discipline ; not merely to gratify the ear, though ex- 
quisitely fond of the art, and receiving from it a refined and 
exalted pleasure, but also that he might become acquainted 
with the thoughts and conceptions of men great in musical 
genius. The Handel Society, which, from the constant 
changes of its members, must necessarily fluctuate, — the an- 
nual losses not always being met by corresponding gains, — 
was then in a high state of efficiency. For the sake of study 
and musical acquisition, it boldly grappled with the difficult 
works of eminent masters, and with whatever necessary im- 
perfectness of actual performance, it was with sure and last- 
ing results of musical ability and taste and knowledge. It 
was in this society, I suppose, that Professor Putnam first be- 
came practically acquainted with some of the great works of 
Handel and Haydn, Beethoven and Mozart, and with the 
lighter but yet substantial excellencies of some of the English 
masters. Here he cultivated and disciplined his nice ear to 
the instinctive perception of the hidden harmonies of poetry, 
to the feeling of those finer beauties which hardly admit of 
expression in anything so clumsy as our actual speech. 

The desire for physical accomplishment led him to join a 
military company then existing in college, although he had 
no love for such things, but rather a native repugnance to 
them, and there was then no special demand for the disci- 
pline. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 319 

The six years following his graduation were divided be- 
tween instruction in Leicester, Massachusetts, and Newport, 
Rhode Island, and pursuing his professional studies in the 
Theological Seminary at Andover. During this time he re- 
viewed and consolidated his knowledge. He brought himself 
into nearer contact with practical and common life. He en- 
larged his sphere of observation and the circle of his studies, 
and was looking forward with great satisfaction to the actual 
performance of the duties of his profession, when he was in- 
vited to the chair of Greek in this college. It was a posi- 
tion entirely suited to his tastes, his capacities, his studies. 
He brought to it not only ample learning and tastes delicate 
and cultivated, but the enlarged and generous spirit of a true 
scholar, and the aptness of an accomplished instructor. His 
ideal of attainment and of duty was very high, and he aimed 
at once to fit himself, by the most generous coui'ses of study, 
to illustrate the more perfectly to his classes the poetry, the 
eloquence, the philosophy, of the wisest and most refined peo- 
ple of the whole ancient world. 

It was with no narrow or exclusive spirit, nor with a 
merely technical purpose, that Professor Putnam pursued his 
studies, or directed those of others. Every true book was a 
nucleus around which all thought and knowledge of similar 
kind were grouped, — a central point from which his mind 
radiated in all directions within the sphere of the subject. 
Could he read Plato and Aristotle without studying the 
course of ancient philosophy and its influence on the modern ? 
or Demosthenes, without an investigation of the virtues and 
failings of Athenian statesmen ? or Thucydides, without med- 
itation on the causes of the desolation of empires and states ? 
or Homer and Sophocles, without a quick comparison with 
Dante and Milton and Shakespeare ? It was indeed a char- 
acteristic of Professor Putnam, and one cause why his knowl- 
edge was becoming, had indeed become, at once so ample and 
so serviceable, that it was not an accumulation of facts discon- 
nected or bound together by mere accidental associations, but 
an organic growth, every fibre of the most distant branch trac- 
ing itself back to the one trunk, and the sap from the living 
root feeding and nourishing the whole. 



320 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

In bis special profession, Professor Putnam would be al- 
lowed to hold rank among the very best. The most kind 
and winning of teachers, he was the most exacting and stim- 
ulating. By questions sharp, pertinent, and various, thor- 
oughly testing the knowledge of the student, he at once 
made him feel his deficiencies, and inspired him to supply 
them. Even the dull and careless felt the singular fascination 
of his look and tone, caught something of the life of his spirit, 
and were gradually lifted above themselves. Gentle, ajffa- 
ble, ready to communicate, dignified, thorough, patient, and 
learned, never harsh, never repulsive, he was earnest to meet 
every want of the student. His whole course was marked by 
unwearied fidelity. 

To instruct was an occupation and a duty, to which he 
made everything else yield. He was thoroughly desirous to 
help those \Vho came under his care, so revealing to them 
their own deficiencies, and so placing before them the meth- 
ods and results of a better scholarship, as to incite them to 
new exertions, and aid them to independent and vigorous 
activity. No one, unless very groveling and earthy, could be 
long under his training, without insensibly catching some- 
thing of the finer spirit of a beautiful discipline. His own 
philosophic thought imparted its movement to their minds, 
and many are they who have gone from these halls, within 
the last fourteen years, who can trace back to him some of 
their best methods of study. 

Language was, in his view, no dead product, but the finer 
breath and efiluence of the national life, as subtle, as many 
sided in its aspects, as the national spirit itself, — into the 
knowledge of which one must grow by slow degrees, bending 
his pliant mind till it gradually yields to the new channels of 
thought and expression. 

"An unfaithful scholar," says one of his pupils, ''was 
gently yet unmistakably reminded of his delinquency, per- 
haps by assistance being omitted upon a point which he 
might easily have ascertained for himself. One whom he 
saw struggling to learn he invariably helped, and this help 
was given so kindly that many a one would try to make a 
good recitation if only to gratify one so much beloved. The 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 321 

best scholars were quickened by his most delicately expressed 
appreciation of their victories, and even sluggish souls felt an 
unwonted light and warmth stirring in them when they came 
into his presence. I remember well our last recitation in 
Greek. It was from Plato. He started with an idea of the 
noble philosopher, Christianized it, and gave it to us in a few 
simple, sublime words, with an attitude and look that melted 
the hearts of all. 

" It has sometimes occurred to me that he could not seem 
constantly to others as he did to me, like one who had dropped 
from a higher sphere, to remain a little while in order to 
draw the hearts that should love him to a purer, higher, and 
better life. But conversation with others has shown me 
that it has long been a general impression that he moved in a 
realm above the common level of even the best men." 

There was still another aspect in which Professor Putnam 
presented himself, which should not be passed over without at 
least an allusion. Having completed his professional studies, 
his own tastes and higher aims, no less than the wishes of his 
friends, induced him occasionally to exercise the functions 
of the Christian ministry. Hence he sought and received 
ordination according to the usages of the Congregational 
churches, and in that relation stood in his lot. With what 
earnestness and pureness of motive, with what loftiness of 
purpose and fidelity in his high calling, and acceptance to 
those who heard him, I need not try to express. But I may 
say that it was not for want of solicitation that he did not 
exchange his professorship for places of considerable public 
importance in the other calling. It was his duty, a belief of 
his fitness for his post, that kept him from some inviting fields 
of labor elsewhere. 

Having referred in fitting terms to his call to the Andover 
Theological Seminary, to the closing scenes in his life, and to 
his death at sea. Professor Brown says in conclusion : 

"Few lives were more perfect than his, whose youth gave 
so fair a promise, whose riper years so fully redeemed the 
pledge. His presence shall still go with us all, to excite us to 
new fidelity, to enkindle within us nobler affections, to inspire 
us with holier purposes." 

21 



322 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

His classmate Rev. Dr. Furber says : 

" The ripe and rare scholarship of my beloved classmate 
and friend, John Newton Putnam, was the fruit of diligence 
and the love of study in one whose acquisitions were easily 
and rapidly made. Mr. Putnam never seemed to be a hard 
worker, but knowledge was continually flowing to him as by 
a process of absorption from his early childhood until he be- 
came the accomplished and brilliant scholar that he was as 
professor of Greek. His books were his constant companions, 
their society was his pleasure and pastime, he preferred it, 
even in his boyhood, to the sports and recreations for which 
most boys neglect their studies. When in. college he sat up 
at night after other students were in bed to pursue the study 
of German and other modern languages not then required by 
the college course. This he did from the pure love of these 
studies, without the aid of a teacher, and without the social 
stimulus of any companionship in such pursuits. And he 
probably for the sake of study neglected needful bodily exer- 
cise every year of his life. 

" In the study of languages he found a fascination. The 
marvelous Greek tongue was of course the richest field for 
him, the language of a people of the finest and subtlest intel- 
lect, and of the highest culture in the art of speech. He 
seemed at home in that wonderful language as much almost 
as if it had been his mother tongue. The elegance and vivac- 
ity, the felicity and energy of his translations from Thu- 
cydides or Plato showed that he not only comprehended his 
author and saw the subject as he saw it, but that he had 
fairly caught the glow of the author's mind from the page 
which he had written. 

" So accomplished a student of language could not have been 
ignorant of his rank among his fellow students ; but in all my 
intimacy with him, boarding at the same table, occupying for 
a few months the same room, and spending with him more or 
less time every day either in social intercourse or in the en- 
joyment of vocal or instrumental music, I never knew him to 
betray, by word or act or look, a consciousness of his superi- 
ority to the poorest scholar in the class. 

" Oblivious as he was, apparently, of the deficiencies of 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 323 

others, he was quick enough to perceive their merits. A fine 
recitation or an eminently creditable performance of any col- 
lege exercise, no matter by whom, gave him positive enjoy- 
ment, which in his nervous and emphatic way he was very apt 
to express. It is really not too much to say that he appeared 
to enjoy the successes of others as much as though they had 
been his own. 

*•• What a help to any college class is the influence of one 
such man ! His connection with the class of 1843, was, no 
doubt, the presentation to some of its members of an ideal 
such as they had not formed before ; an ideal, not only of 
enthusiasm for the largest acquisitions and the finest culture, 
but of that enthusiasm sustained by the love of excellence 
for its own sake, and not alloyed by any merely selfish am- 
bition to surpass others. 

" A spirit of scholarship so high, so broad, so generous as 
this could be no mark for envy. None of us grudged our class- 
mate his position or his honors. He was the beloved associ- 
ate, and is now the warmly remembered friend of some of us, 
and no doubt many of us were more indebted to his example 
than we were aware of at the time for anything that was well 
and worthily done by us in our college days. 

" I ought not to close this notice without speaking of Mr. 
Putnam's love of music. Music was born in him as much as 
Greek was, and he learned one as rapidly as he did the other. 
When in college he was a valuable member of the Handel 
Society, his influence being always in favor of the introduction 
for practice of the standard and classic authors. Haydn's 
' Creation ' and other works of that great composer were an 
unfailing source of delight to him. Their naturalness and 
spontaneity, their brightness and cheerfulness, their artistic 
finish and exquisite grace, met precisely the corresponding 
qualities in his own mind. As we often choose those authors 
who are most unlike ourselves, so he knew how to enjoy the 
rugged grandeur of less polished writers. He could listen to 
a mountain chain of choruses in ' Israel in Egypt,' or to a 
dark and mazy labyrinth of mingled harmony and discord in 
Beethoven, and wherever he saw the perfection of art or the 
power of genius, his soul was like a harp of a thousand strings 



324 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

every one of which was alive with vibration. I well remem- 
ber with what elevation of feeling and intensity of utterance 
he used in the Handel Society to sing ' The Hallelujah 
Chorus/ and the concluding chorus of the Messiah, * Worthy 
is the Lamb that was slain.' His deeply religious sympathies 
were touched by the sentiment of these great choruses, and on 
this account his enjoyment of them was more profound than 
his enjoyment even of the finished models of Haydn. He 
knew and felt that he was on a grander theme, and that Re- 
demption was greater than Creation. And it is pleasant to 
think of him now as saying with a deeper meaning and a 
more rapturous devotion than he knew on earth, and may 
we add, a more thrilling musical delight, 'Worthy is the 
Lamb.' " 

We append some of the closing lines of the venerable Dr. 
Thayer's most touching and eloquent tribute to the character 
of his beloved and honored pupil : " He did in quality, more 
than in quantity, beyond any I ever had to do with. He was 
under more stimulus than mere quiet pleasure in study. He 
had a most delicate sense of beauty to be gratified, a fine 
power of discrimination which sought objects for its exercise. 
Then his love for his mother was a very powerful motive ; 
then too I think he thought of gratifying and honoring his 
teacher, who loved him and tried to make him a scholar. But 
better, he loved his Saviour and increasingly studied with hum- 
ble loyalty to him. Still we must not put Putnam in a wrong 
place. He was preeminently made for a classical scholar.'' 

Rev. Dr. Leeds adds : 

" I became acquainted with Professor Putnam in the winter 
of 1860-61, and was on intimate terms with him up to the 
time of his death, more than two years later 

" Of his scholarship, others can speak more fitly than I. All 
remarked that he was pervaded by that which is beautiful in 
the wonderful language and literature he taught, as ever a 
vase by the perfume of its flowers. 

" But it is his character on which I love to dwell. Ever after 
I had become well acquainted with him, he was a delightful 
illustration to me of the power of love to foster diverse and 
even opposite elements of character. He had feminine traits, 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 325 

and yet he was thorouglily manly ; the gentleness and tender- 
ness of a true woman were his, and so were the dignity and 
courage of a true man. He could speak, and was wont to 
speak, and preferred to speak words of kindness the most 
winning ; but he could administer a rebuke longer to be re- 
membered than most men's^; though more^ perhaps, because it 
came from him than for any other reason. The union in him 
of fastidious taste and of uncritical temper was very marked. 
No man was more sensitive than he to all the proprieties of 
the occasion ; and one might at first fear lest himself should 
say or do what would jar upon that delicately attuned spirit, 
for whatever he said or did was perfect in its manner. And 
yet no one — no one — would listen with more simple enjoy- 
ment to the plainest, crudest utterances of others. He had not 
one word of criticism to offer. He seemed to see — I am con- 
fident he did see — only what was good and attractive in them. 
But one thing could offend him, that which indicated a want 
of sympathy. 

" More than any man I ever knew, he saw the good in 
every person, and the bright in everything. It was wonder- 
ful, it was delightful, it rebuked one, and it quickened one, to 
note the manifestations of this temper. Nothing, seemingly, 
could occur that did not present some occasion for gratitude. 
After the fearful disaster which hurried his life to its close, 
his message home was — how characteristic of him all who 
knew him will at once recognize, — ' Tell them to thank God 
for our deliverance ! ' 

" I must not say much more. His friends need no reminders 
of his innocent, sunny playfulness, or his abounding, spark- 
ling — but never trenchant — ^ wit. As one of them has said 
of another, * What bright, graceful conceits often fell from 
his lips, his soft, dark eye smiling at his own unexpected 
thought ! ' And yet, such was his gracious nature that he was 
the delight of the house of prayer as much as of the friendly 
circle, the one who would be chosen alike to share our hours 
of gayety, and to extend to us the sacramental cup. In fine, 
his qualities were refined, blended, and crowned by love — love 
which often suggested to others the name of St. John. 

" No notice of him would be adequate that did not at least 



326 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

refer to his wife, — fitting companion to such a man. A 
daughter of Prof. William and Mrs. Sarah Chamberlain, she 
inherited both the attractive and the sterling traits of her 
parents. ' Lovely and pleasant in their lives, in their death 
they were not divided.' " 

Esthetic and solid culture have very rarely had a more 
nearly perfect union in any American scholar than in Professor 
Putnam. Whether in the privacy of his home, in the recita- 
tion room, or before a large audience, his words were always 
chosen with a marked regard for fitness and beauty. His 
knowledge of the minutest points of every theme which he 
discussed was so exhaustive and complete that any attempt to 
improve would have been almost like carrying light to the sun. 

The graces of his heart corresponded with those of his per- 
son and mind. His earnest piety was marked and felt by all 
who came within the sphere of his influence. Few Christian 
teachers have passed away, at the age of forty, more highly 
esteemed than Professor Putnam. He died on the return 
voyage from Europe, near Halifax, October 22, 1863. 

In 1851, the chair of Mathematics was rendered vacant by 
the death of Professor Chase, and he was succeeded by John 
Smith Woodman, a member of the Rockingham County Bar. 
He was the son of Nathan and Abigail H. (Chesley) Wood- 
man, and was born at Durham, N. H., September 6, 1819. 

Extended experience as a teacher in the South, and for- 
eign travel, had given valuable expansion to Professor Wood- 
man's naturally capacious mind. He was a careful, patient, 
laborious teacher of the Mathematics. He did not exact ex- 
cellence from every student, for he fully realized that a lack 
of native fondness for the studies of this department rendered 
it impossible for some to appear in the recitation-room, with 
as full preparation as others. But he strove to have each do 
the best in his power, and his kindness induced many to put 
forth earnest effort, who would have been less inclined to do 
so under a different teacher. 

One well qualified to appreciate him says : 

" As an instructor in Mathematics, a field proverbially diffi- 
cult. Professor Woodman had but few equals. Such was his 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 327 

superiority when a student in this department, that there 
was little difficulty in choosing a successor to the post made 
vacant by the sudden and untimely death of Professor Chase. 
The action of the Trustees was most completely justified by 
the ease and thoroughness with which Professor Woodman 
took up and carried forward the work of his honored and 
lamented predecessor. 

" In the class-room, however subtle or complicated the sub- 
ject, or however dull the student lucklessly ' called up,' his 
demeanor was always evenly calm, without a shade of im- 
patience ; he carried a firm, steady hand, master alike of him- 
self and the subject in hand. 

" Under his direction the field of Mathematics was not left 
to mere theoretical cultivation. At an early date, the first 
class under his care was marshaled in squads under self- 
chosen captains who were first trained by the professor in 
practical handling of compass, theodolite, and sextant ; and 
then each led his division to out-door work, taking the various 
instruments in turn. He was also able to invest even Analyt- 
ical Geometry and Integral Calculus with charms for some of 
the class. One student came from a private interview in a 
high state of enthusiasm over the eloquent suggestiveness of 
formulae in the vocabulary of Calculus. 

" Written examinations, now so common, were among the 
methods introduced into his department by Professor Wood- 
man, and that class still remembers the spectacles quietly ad- 
justed, that his near-sightedness might not encourage an illicit 
use of -j- and — , and the rigid silence which shut them up to 
the simple problems written upon the blackboard, notwith- 
standing adroit questions, ostensibly innocent and necessary. 

" In the Chandler Scientific School, to which Professor 
Woodman was afterwards assigned, he was specially qualified 
to do good work, because of his thorough mastery of Mathe- 
matics by perceptions almost intuitive. Thoroughly at home 
in its principles, loving them, and honestly loving his pupils, 
he could luminously and patiently teach the application of 
those principles in practice, however minute and detailed. 

" Mention of Professor Woodman as an instructor would be 
incomplete, were there no allusion to the force and influence 



328 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

of his character as a man, transparently honest, and grandly- 
true. He taught well from text-books, but his life, so un- 
affectedly simple and just, gave better, deeper, and more 
lasting instruction." 

An associate in the Faculty says : 

" Professor "Woodman becoming somewhat weary of the 
continuous and laborious drill of young men in a department 
not generally appreciated, and feeling a renewed desire to re- 
turn to the practice of law, resigned his professorship, and 
removed to Boston for that purpose. After a year's expe- 
rience of the practice, or desire of practice, of law, the pro- 
fessor was ready to return to his field of labor in the college. 
His former department was no longer open, the place having 
been filled, on his resignation, by the appointment of Professor 
Patterson. He was, therefore, appointed Professor of Civil 
Engineering in the Chandler Scientific School. On entering 
upon his duties, he was made the chief executive officer, under 
the president, of the department, and continued to hold that 
relation to the school till his death. Professor Woodman 
proved himself a thorough, able, and zealous teacher in his 
new chair, and by degrees became deeply interested in the 
Scientific Department, and devoted his time and energies to 
building it up and making it a success. He early became 
sensible of the importance of the free-hand drawing, and 
gave it a prominent place in the curriculum of the School, 
which it has continued to hold. The depth of Professor 
Woodman's love for the School, and the strength of his de- 
sire for its continued prosperity, were made manifest in his 
will by a generous donation to its funds. Those who grad- 
uated from the Chandler Department while it was under the 
administration of Professor Woodman, will never cease to love 
and revere his memory." 

A classmate, distinguished for his interest in general educa- 
tion, says : 

" Professor Woodman was county commissioner of schools, 
and secretary of the New Hampshire Board of Education, 
during the year 1850. He was again county commissioner 
during the years 1852 and 1853. In 1854 he was commis- 
sioner and chairman of the board which was composed of 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 329 

the commissioners of tlie several counties. In the opinion of 
the most competent judges, Professor Woodman was one of 
the wisest and most efficient state school officers New Hamp- 
shire has ever had. He was admirably qualified for the work 
of an educator, not only by the cast of his methodical, organiz- 
ing mind, but by his varied experience and scholastic attain- 
ments. He was eminently practical in all his plans for the 
improvement of the schools, and he knew well how to adapt 
means to ends. His reports, both as commissioner and secre- 
tary, were of a high order of excellence, and they were highly 
beneficial in promoting the cause of education in the State." 

Professor Woodman married Mary Ann, daughter of Ste- 
phen Perkins Chesley, of Durham, and adopted daughter of 
Edward Pendexter. He died at Durham, N. H., May 9, 
1871. 

In 1853, Professor Clement Long, who was the son of 
Samuel and Mary (Clement) Long, and was born at Hop- 
kinton, N. H., December, 31, 1806, was called to the chair of 
Intellectual Philosophy which had been vacated by the resig- 
nation of Professor Haddock. He was a thorough teacher. 
Being himself a most profound thinker, he deemed it his duty 
to exact a thorough knowledge of every day's lesson by the 
student. If he had not made himself master of the subject, 
by learning all that was to be learned from the text-book, any 
attempt to supply the deficiency, by drawing upon his own re- 
sources, would be sure to be followed by the plainest marks 
of dissatisfaction or merited rebuke on the part of Professor 
Long. Never indulging in the diffuse or the discursive him- 
self, he never tolerated such a course on the part of the stu- 
dent. A mere glance at the man was sufficient to indicate 
the richest and most solid type of mind. Those who sat under 
his instruction, and were capable of appreciating it, will ever 
remember his efforts in their behalf with the liveliest grat- 
itude. 

In a commemorative " Discourse," President Lord says : 
" He was graduated at this college in 1828, a classmate and 
intimate friend of the late and lamented Professor Young, 
and a worthy associate of the many honorable men by whom 
the class of that year has been distinguished. 



330 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" It was here, in a time of unusual religious awakening 
among the students, that he became a Christian, and, with 
several of his classmates, made profession of his faith, — a 
profession ever afterwards honored by a singular devotedness 
to his Saviour. That he was a regenerate man, and true to 
his Christian calling, no one who knew him ever doubted. 
It was manifested by the perhaps best of all evidences, as 
construed by experienced observers, — the uniform prevalence 
of an unworldly and super-worldly spirit. -He affected noth- 
ing, he pretended nothing ; but whatever he said or did signifi- 
cant of religious character was traceable, and traceable only, 
to a believing and loving mind. If any thought him severely 
religious, that may have been the fault of his critics rather 
than his own. 

" After leaving college, he was for three years a preceptor, 
principally at Randolph, Vt. ; then, for two years, a theolog- 
ical student at Andover. Before completing his term at that 
institution, he was called, in 1833, to the professorship of In- 
tellectual Philosophy in Western Reserve College, at Hudson, 
Ohio. After a short term of service he was elected to the 
professorship of Theology, in the same institution, and re- 
ceived ordination as a minister of the gospel. These changes 
are all significant of early and distinguished worth. 

" In 1851 he received and accepted the appointment of pro- 
fessor of Theology in the Seminary at Auburn, N. Y." 

His classmate Professor Folsom says : 

" Professor Long was like a precious stone kept long in the 
lapidary's hands before its brilliancy met the public gaze. I 
had my home under his father's roof, and sat daily at table 
with him, during my Junior year. We were colleagues after- 
wards, together with our classmate Jarvis Gregg, in the West- 
ern Reserve College ; and they both were members of my 
family there. We had been Handelians at Dartmouth (as also 
Peabody), and almost every evening we sang together, at our 
fireside, from Zeuner's " Harp." How precious the memory of 
those hours ! How often has the uplifting power of all our in- 
tercourse been felt ! Professor Long, like Professor Young, 
joined the love of Mathematics with that of Metaphysics, but 
the bent of his genius was strongly in the direction of the 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 331 

latter, and not least in theological and moral science. He 
had the enthusiastic regard both of the Faculty and students 
of the Western Reserve College. He was also a very sug- 
gestive and quickening preacher, often at my request taking 
my place in the pulpit of the chapel. His great modesty, and 
not easily satisfied ideal, kept him from publishing much in 
his lifetime ; but I have wondered that some of his writings 
did not find their way into print after his death. He once 
told me, when urging him to this step, that he hoped, in the 
course of ten years or so, to be able to prepare something 
%yhich the ear of the public might not be careless to hear. 
He had the same clear-cut features that marked Professor 
Peabody, though of a different pattern, — the latter with out- 
ward, the former with inward, gaze." 

" In 1853,'' President Lord continues, '* he was transferred 
to the position which he held in this college till his death, 
leaving the honorable office which he had so lately assumed, 
at Auburn, partly out of his great love for his Alma Mater, 
and partly, to minister to his revered parents in their ad- 
vanced years. 

" In all these relations the qualities which I have suggested 
laid the foundation of his acknowledged excellence. In all 
the departments which he successively occupied he was re- 
garded as among the most learned, able, and effective teachers 
and preachers of the country. He was competent to every 
service required of him, and gave to every position dignity 
and honor. He was distinctively Christian in them all, and 
made them subservient to no school or party, but to the 
gospel through which he had been saved. 

" Wherein Professor Long was like other men, he was above 
the generality, and, though he aspired not to lead, was fitted 
to precede them. Wherein he was unlike them, the difference 
was more conspicuous. His peculiarities were striking, and 
in them we perceive his most observable traits, whether of the 
intellect or the heart. 

" I know not whether it were most of nature, or habit, that 
our friend was so distinguished for acuteness, directness, and 
singleness of the mind, — a mind not especially intuitive and 
rapid, not noticeably free in its conceptions, wide in its 



332 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

survey, or comprehensive in its generalizations, moving rather 
on an extended line than an enlarged area, but subtle and 
clear as light ; sharp, piercing and discriminating as electric- 
ity ; pointed, direct, and exact as the magnet ; conclusive, 
positive, and decisive as the bolt of heaven. His processes 
were simple, natural, easy, and continuous, not stiffly regu- 
lated by scholastic laws, but strictly conformable, and his re- 
sults inevitable. Give him his definitions and his postulates 
which, though not given, he would, like other resolved rea- 
soners after his method, sometimes take, at his own risk, and 
he would go round or through the circle, or make his trav- 
erses in darkness and storm, and never lose his meridian, or 
be confused in his reckoning ; and he would come back pre- 
cisely to his starting-point laden with success, his points all 
proved. It was well said of him by a curious and critical ob- 
server of scholars, that, as a logician, he was not exceeded in 
the country. 

" Our professor had made large attainments in the science to 
which he was especially devoted, — the Metaphysics. He read 
whatever was worth the reading, of which, however, he chose 
to be an independent judge, but he thought more, so that his 
attainments were emphatically his own. He was not like 
what so many now become in this department of study, — a 
mere follower, imitator, panegyrist, — but a searching critic 
and judicious commentator. He had a higher range of specu- 
lative inquiry than most of the more ambitious men who have 
exceeded him in popular effect, and he corrected his inquiries 
by a better logic, and a more simple faith. But I have some- 
times thought him too much of a recluse for his greatest prof- 
iting in this respect. He loved best the retirement of his 
own study, and was rarely seen outside of it, except when 
required by his official duties. He abjured the artificial forms 
and fashions of social life, the bustling confusions of trade and 
commerce, and the whirl and finesse of political agitations. 
He never would stand on a platform, nor be seen at an anni- 
versary, nor harangue a popular assembly. He was happiest 
in solitude where, undisturbed, he could solve the abstruse 
problems of ethics, or be a delighted critic of metaphysical 
theories, or seek to penetrate the mysteries of theology. He 



DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 333 

was consequently in danger of contemplating his subjects, like 
so many others of his time, both in Church and State, too 
much in their refined essence, and too little in their compre- 
hensive practical relations; rather as things, in his judgment, 
ought to be, than as they are ; too much in the light of a ficti- 
tious principle, and too little in that of experience, history, 
and analogy ; rather according to God's original constitution 
than the actual necessities of a fallen state ; too much as they 
may be in the ultimate development of God's moral provi- 
dence, and too little as they are in its administrative course. 
Hence, but for the greatest care which, in the main, he exer- 
cised, he would have been likely to crowd into his definitions 
and postulates more than they naturally admitted, or to make 
them less than they naturally required ; to mistake, for the 
basis of his fulcrum, a speculative subtlety instead of a prac- 
tical reality ; and, consequently, to make his inexorable logic 
draw too much, or to little, for legitimate practical effect. If, 
occasionally tempted by the excitement of our present types 
of speculative and conjectural science, he seemed to overstep 
the limits which God has prescribed to us in our present pro- 
bationary state, and to make the human a measure of the 
Divine, it was done not presumptuously, from a spirit of con- 
ceited and ambitious intermeddling with things forbidden, 
but unconsciously, from an honest desire for knowledge. 
When he perceived, as he was not slow to perceive, that 
many of the objects which now so much allure the learned 
men of the world, who are falsely so called, were not real, but 
ideal and conceptional only, not actual knowledge verifiable 
by a day-light test, but shadows and chimeras chasing one 
another over the moonlit sky, then he retreated. He chose 
to stop, reverentially, as taught by Scripture, when he must, 
rather than to be driven back by the cherubim and the flam- 
ing sword. Not even Kant, or Coleridge, or any of their liv- 
ing imitators, however congenial their respective tastes for 
speculative subtleties, could tempt him so to disregard the 
boundary between reason and faith as to lose sight of Calvary, 
or mistake an ignis fatuus for the Sun of Righteousness. 
His college experience, and, I have sometimes thought the 
genius coUegii, with a father's and mother's teachings and 



334 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

prayers, all favored by the Spirit who only searcheth the deep 
things of God, kept him near and true to the everlasting 
Word. 

" But we forgot all his speculative trials and temptations, 
we forgot almost that he was not perfect but in part, when, in 
his sacred character, and in this sacred place, he laid aside his 
weapons of intellectual warfare, and, with his peculiar meek- 
ness of wisdom, simplicity of statement, power of argument, 
and cogency of appeal, testified to us the great things of the 
kingdom of God, so far as he had learned them out of the 
Holy Scripture. Very instructive and affecting it was, when, 
as sometimes, the aspiring philosopher, the uncompromising 
logician, the astute economist, the grave and learned dogma- 
tist, renounced these and all other accomplishments of nature, 
or rather made them subservient to the greater accomplish- 
ments of grace. Then we admired, even to tears of thankful- 
ness, how the wise man, in becoming a fool, becomes truly 
wise ; how he who could be great among his fellows on Mars 
Hill, — great after the fashion of the Areopagus, — could be 
greater, after a higher fashion, in declaring the God there 
Unknown ; in repeating simply the lessons of that heavenly 
wisdom which none of the princes of this world knew ; and, 
with a child-like sincerity and earnestness, from his own sense 
of the sufficiency of redeeming mercy, inviting us to ' The 
Lamb of God who taketh away the sin of the world.' 

" It might seem that one so abstract and speculative, so con- 
templative and reserved, would naturally be wanting in those 
sensibilities and affections which are justly reckoned indispen- 
sable to the highest excellence of character, and to the happi- 
ness, or the relief, of our present state. But appearances do 
not necessarily represent, but more frequently conceal, reali- 
ties. I have been permitted to read some of his most familiar 
letters, which reveal a sunny and cheery side of his character 
which I had not learned from personal observation. That he 
had a susceptible and generous heart no man ever doubted. 
But one must know what he has written to his friends, out of 
its unperceived fullness, to appreciate those hidden sympathies 
of his nature which brought him into harmony as well with 
the outer as the inner world. Few would have a better relish 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 335 

for innocent festivities, or the pleasures of travel, or tlie 
grander and finer works of nature or art. Few would be 
more excited by the sparkle or roar of ocean, the magnificent 
scenery of Centre Harbor, the sublime panorama of the White 
Mountains, or the quiet beauties of the Connecticut valley. 
True, such objects engaged him but for a time. They were 
not his chief good. He wanted the higher satisfactions of en- 
larged knowledge, of speculative insight, of reasoning activity, 
of professional engagement. They were not his work, but 
his pastime. Yet, when he played, it was with as great 
enjoyment as any man can have who plays alone, and far 
greater than they have, or can have, who do naught but 
play in company, who care for little but sights and sounds, 
at length sickened and enfeebled by their very tastes, incapa- 
ble of grave and dignified pursuits, disgusted by their own 
vanities, remorseful at their own intemperate hilarities, say- 
ing, at last, of laughter, ' It is mad, and of mirth, what 
doth it ? ' Stoical he may have been, for that belongs, al- 
most of course, to natural magnanimity, and familiarity with 
large and elevated themes ; but ascetic and cynical he was 
not, a*nd could not have been, with his appreciation of Chris- 
tian truth, and experience of a Saviour's love. 

*' The scholar, teacher, preacher, learned, profound, effective, 
venerable in all relations, has passed away ; the good man, 
regenerate by the grace of God, trusting in the righteousness 
of Christ, and hoping for salvation only through redeeming 
blood ; the righteous man, stern and inflexible in his integrity, 
who never dissembled, never professed what he did not feel, 
never hated, never spoke evil of his neighbor, and could and 
did say that he was never angry at his brother ; the faithful 
man, who was true to his engagements, kept his post, and, in 
weariness and painfulness, performed his appointed work till 
he was struck with death ; the husband, father, friend, of 
whom, in these relations, it were impertinent to speak par- 
ticularly, while wounded spirits are already telling, too much, 
how great his value, and how great their loss. He has passed 
away, dying as he had lived, and taught, and preached, — in 
faith ; peaceful as a little child, and hopeful of that better 
state where that which is perfect will come, and that which 
is in part shall be done away." 



336 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

Professor Long published a sermon before the W. R. Synod 
in 1847, a discourse on " The Literary Merits of Immoral 
Books," in the same year, *' Inaugural Address at Auburn," in 
1853, a sermon in Dartmouth College Church, " Jesus Exalted 
yet Divine," in 1859, *and a memorial sermon on Professor 
Roswell Shurtleff, in 1861. In 1836, with Professor Gregg, he 
assumed the editorship of the " Ohio Observer " published at 
Hudson. In their first address to their readers is this pas- 
sage : " In relation to the subject of slavery we shall take the 
high ground that man is man and cannot therefore be treated 
and used as property without sin, that immediate emancipa- 
tion is a duty, and that it is therefore the duty of every man 
to pray and strive in every virtuous way for the abolition of 
slavery." The last date of an editorial is June, 1837. 

Professor Long married Rhoda Ensign, daughter of Alpha 
Rockwell, of Winsted, Connecticut. He died at Hanover, 
October 14, 1861. 

Propriety forbids more than the briefest reference to a 
large number of the worthy living, who have been, or who 
still are numbered among Dartmouth's professors, in the 
Academical department. Otherwise we might dwell, with 
profit, upon the name of the able theologian, George Howe ; 
of the eminent linguist, Calvin E. Stowe ; of that strong and 
graceful master of the English, the Latin, and the Greek, 
Edwin D. Sanborn, who is now just passing the threshold of 
the ** three score and ten," and completing nearly a half 
century of various and valuable connection with his Alma 
Mater ; of Oliver P. Hubbard, who is still patiently and 
skillfully unfolding the secrets of science in halls which have 
echoed his voice for more than forty years ; of Samuel G. 
Brown, the music of whose chaste and charming lectures on 
Rhetoric still lingers in the ears of a long line of pupils ; of 
Daniel J. Noyes, whose fidelity, courtesy, and kindness in the 
chairs of Theology and Philosophy have given him a warm 
place in the hearts of nearly thirty classes ; of James W. Pat- 
terson, whose pupils have watched the turning of the thoughts 
of an admired and honored teacher from Natural to Political 
Science, with unceasing interest, and followed him through 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 837 

the yicissitudes of public service, with undiminished affec- 
tion ; of Charles A. Aiken, the critical and accomplished 
linguist, whose loss by the college was deemed almost irrep- 
arable ; of William A. Packard, who, in a kindred depart- 
ment gave early promise of his later success ; of Charles A. 
Young, whose scientific researches have added to the fame 
of his family, his college, and his country. Nor should the 
service rendered to the cause of science by Henry Fairbanks 
and John R. Varney, while professors at Dartmouth, escape 
our notice. 

A proper estimate of the value of the services of those who 
are now manfully and successfully bearing " the burden and 
heat of the day," and bidding fair to do so for years to come, 
in this important field, with its slender pecuniary rewards, 
of Samuel C. Bartlett, Henry E. Parker, Elihu T. Quimby, 
Charles H. Hitchcock, John C. Proctor, Charles F. Emerson, 
and John K. Lord, must be left to a- future historian. 

The tutor's chair at Dartmouth has been filled by many 
men of high promise, some going to premature graves, others 
to what they deemed more inviting fields. Among them we 
find such names as Calvin Crane, Moses Fiske, Asa McFar- 
land, John Noyes, the value of whose instruction was grate- 
fully acknowleged by Dartmouth's most illustrious son a quar- 
ter of a century after his graduation, Thomas A. Merrill, 
Frederick Hall, Josiah Noyes, Andrew Mack, John Brown, 
Henry Bond, William White, Rufus W. Bailey, James Marsh, 
Nathan Welby Fiske, Rufus Choate, Oramel S. Hinckley, 
John D. Willard, Henry Wood, Ebenezer C. Tracy, Ira 
Perley, Silas Aiken, Evarts Worcester, Jarvis Gregg, and 
Samuel H. Taylor. We cannot dwell upon individual merit, 
nor give even the names of all who have rendered valuable 
service in this sphere. 

The " Indian Charity School," also has had many teachers 
of distinguished worth. Among them we find such names as 
Benjamin Trumbull, the historian, to whom we have referred 
heretofore ; Ralph Wheelock, the favorite son of the honored 
founder, who would doubtless have left to him his ofl&cial 
mantle, but for the early failure of his health ; James Dean, 
whose name is indelibly engraven upon the earlier periods of 

22 



338 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

our national history, Jacob Fowler, who well illustrated the 
value of Christian civilization to the Indian ; Caleb Bingham 
and Elisha Ticknor, whose names are closely interwoven with 
the educational history of New England's metropolis, Josiah 
Dunham, Judah Dana, Caleb Butler, William A. Hayes, the 
intimate and honored friend of Francis Brown, Joseph Perry, 
John S. Emerson, and Osgood Johnson. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 339 



CHAPTER XXVII. 

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. — PROEESSORS NATHAN SMITH, REU- 
BEN D. MUSSEY, DIXI CROSBY, EDMUND R. PEASLEE, ALBERT 
SMITH, AND ALPHEUS B. CROSBY. — OTHER TEACHERS. 

In " A Contribution to the Medical History of New Hamp- 
shire," by Prof. A. B. Crdsby, we find a condensed history of 
the Medical Department of the College. 

" Soon after its formation, the impression became general 
that the State Society, excellent as it was both in design and 
execution, did not fully answer the medical wants of New 
Hampshire. There were those who felt that the young men of 
the State should have systematic, didactic instruction, and that 
this could be accomplished only by the foundation of a reg- 
ularly chartered medical college. This plan was eventually re- 
duced to a demonstration through the energy and talents of 
one man. It is with profound veneration that I write the 
name of Nathan Smith. Himself a member of the society, I 
know not but he here gained inspiration and encouragement 
for the enterprise from his associates. At the annual meet- 
ing of the Board of Trustees of Dartmouth College, in Au- 
gust, 1796, being then a Bachelor of Medicine, not having 
received the degree of M. D., he made an application to the 
Board, asking their encouragement and approbation of a plan 
he had devised to establish a professorship of the Theory and 
Practice of Medicine in connection with Dartmouth College. 
After considerable discussion, the Board voted to postpone 
their final action upon the proposition for a year, but in the 
meantime a resolution was passed complimentary to the char- 
acter and energy of Mr. Smith, and promising such encour- 
agement and assistance in the future as the plan might merit 
and the circumstances of the college admit. 



340 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" The records of the college are extremely barren of details 
respecting the preliminary steps towards a medical establish- 
ment, and there are no means of knowing what the action of 
the Board was the following year. It is evident, however, 
that some measures must have been taken in relation to the 
future welfare of the school, for in the year 1798 we find that 
' the fee for conferring the degree of Bachelor of Medicine 
pro meritis be twenty dollars.' The honorary degree of 
Master of Arts was the same year conferred on Mr. Smith, 
while it remained for a subsequent Board to discover that 
his professional attainments merited the rank and title of 
Doctor. 

" Later in the same session it was voted ' That a professor 
be appointed, whose duty it shall be to deliver public lectures 
upon Anatomy, Surgery, Chemistry, Materia Medica, and the 
Theory and Practice of Physic, and that said professor be en- 
titled to receive payment for instruction in those branches, as 
hereafter mentioned, as compensation for his services in that 
office.' Mr. Smith was at once chosen to fulfill the laborious, 
and to us almost incredible duties of this professorship, while 
the compensation alluded to was for a long time held in abey- 
ance. We also find that in this year the Board adopted the 
following code of Medical Statutes : 

" 1. Lectures shall begin the first of October, annually, and 
continue ten weeks, during which the professor shall deliver 
three lectures daily, Saturday and Sunday excepted. 

" 2. In the lectures on the Theory and Practice of Physic, 
shall be explained the nature of diseases and method of cure. 

" 3. The lectures on Chemistry Snd Materia Medica shall be 
accompanied by actual experiments, tending to explain and 
demonstrate the principles of Chemistry, and an exhibition 
shall be made of the principal medicines used in curing dis- 
ease, with an explanation of their medicinal qualities, and ef- 
fect on the human body. 

"4. In the lectures on Anatomy and Surgery, shall be 
demonstrated the parts of the human body by dissecting a 
recent subject, if such subject can he legally obtained; other- 
wise, by exhibiting anatomical preparations, which shall be 
attended by the performance of the principal capital opera- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 341 

tions in surgery. [The lower animals were used to some ex- 
tent.] 

"5. The medical professor shall be entitled to the use of the 
college library and apparatus gratis. 

" 6. The medical students shall be entitled to the use of the 
college library under the discretionary restrictions of the pres- 
ident. 

" 7. Medical students shall be subject to the same rules of 
morality and decorum as Bachelors in Art residing at the col- 
lege. 

''8. No graduate of any college shall be admitted to an ex- 
amination for the degree of Bachelor of Medicine, unless he 
shall have studied two full years with some respectable phy- 
sician, or surgeon, and attended two full courses of lectures at 
some university. 

" 9. No person not a graduate shall be admitted to such an 
examination unless he shall have studied three full years, as 
above, attended two full courses of lectures, and shall, upon a 
preparatory examination before the president and professors, 
be able to parse the English and Latin languages, to construe 
Virgil and Cicero's orations, and possess a good knowledge of 
common Arithmetic, Geometry, Geography, and Natural and 
Moral Philosophy. 

" 10. Examinations shall be holden in public before the ex- 
ecutive authority of the college by the medical professor, and 
candidates shall read and defend a dissertation, etc. 

"11. Every person receiving a degree in Medicine shall 
cause his thesis to be printed, and sixteen copies thereof to be 
delivered to the president, for the use of the college and 
Trustees. 

" 12. The fee for attending a full course of lectures shall be 
fifty dollars ; that is, for Anatomy and Surgery, twenty-five 
dollars ; for Chemistry and Materia Medica, fifteen dollars, 
and for Theory and Practice, ten dollars. 

"13. The members of the two senior classes in college may 
attend the medical lectures by paying twenty dollars for the 
full course. 

" Besides these statutes, the Trustees voted that Mr. Smith 
might employ assistance in any of his departments, at his own 



342 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

expense^ and that one half part of the fees for conferring the 
degree of Bachelor of Medicine be his perquisite, and the 
other half a perquisite to the president of the college. 

" The first course of lectures was delivered in the fall of 
1797, although Mr. Smith was not elected to his professorship 
until after his return from Europe, the following year. In the 
year 1798, two young men were graduated with the degree of 
Bachelor of Medicine. The next year the Trustees voted to 
appropriate a room in the northeast corner of Dartmouth 
Hall to the use of Professor Smith, and it was repaired and 
furnished for that purpose. . The room was a small one, 
scarcely as large as a common parlor, but still it served for a 
lecture hall, dissecting-room, chemical laboratory and library, 
for several years, when another room adjoining was appropri- 
ated to the same purpose. 

" In 1801, the degree of Doctor of Medicine was conferred 
upon Mr. Smith, and a committee was appointed to confer 
with him in relation to a salary. A grant of fifty dollars per 
annum was voted him, upon which he was to allow a debt he 
owed the college for money loaned. I presume that this 
latter was furnished him in order to enable him to visit 
Europe. 

" The Trustees about this time made a change in the term 
of study required for a degree. The new statute fixed the 
period of three years for academical graduates, and five years 
for non-graduates. 

In 1803 the New Hampshire Legislature granted $600 to 
Dr. Smith for the purchase of apparatus, and in 1809 13,450 
for " a building of brick or stone for a medical school, sixty- 
five feet in length, thirty-two feet in width, and two stories 
in height," Dr. Smith furnishing land for the purpose. He 
furnished one acre, on which a brick building seventy-five 
feet in length, two stories in the middle, with wings of three 
stories, was erected, at a cost of over $4,600, Dr. Smith be- 
coming responsible for the balance. By the terms of the 
above grants the building and anatomical and chemical appa- 
ratus became the property of the State upon the removal of 
Dr. Smith from the institution, which is with propriety styled 
the " New Hampshire Medical College." 



Dartmouth: college. 343 

In 1810 Dr. Cyrus Perkins (created a Doctor upon that 
occasion) was elected professor of Anatomy. Some trouble 
having occurred about this time between the college officers 
and the Medical students, the following articles were added to 
the laws. 

" ' 1. That each person, previous to becoming a member of 
the Medical institution, shall be required to give satisfactory 
evidence that he possesses a good moral character. 

" ' 2. That it be required of medical students that they 
conduct themselves respectfully towards the executive officers 
of the college, and if any of them should be guilty of immoral 
or ungentlemanly conduct the executive may expel them, and 
no professor shall receive or continue to receive as his private 
pupil any such expelled person, or recommend him to any other 
medical man or institution. 

" ' 3. That the executive officers of the college be, and 
hereby are authorized to visit the rooms of the medical 

students whenever they think proper.' 

« 

" In the year 1812, some important changes were made in 
the economy of the institution. Up to this time the degree 
of Bachelor of Medicine only was conferred upon recent 
graduates, while the degree of M. D. was only allowed in 
course three years after graduation. This was now changed, 
and the degree of Doctor of Medicine was conferred upon all 
medical graduates. The term of study was again changed, 
and fixed at the present standard. Another of the new regu- 
lations and perhaps the least agreeable one to the students, 
compelled candidates to read their theses publicly in the 
chapel. 

" The Faculty was also strengthened by the appointment of 
Rufus Graves, Esq., as lecturer on Chemistry, making this 
department, for the first time, a separate branch. Colonel 
Graves, although a good lecturer, was an unsucessful manip- 
ulator, which caused his dismission in 1815, three years later. 
During the same year [1812, at Dartmouth] we find that 
Mr. Reuben D. Mussey, a name thoroughly identified with 
the success of the school, and with medical progress in New 
Hampshire, was created a Doctor of Medicine. 



344 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" In 1814, Dr. Smith having been absent for a year, it was 
voted that the salary and emoluments pertaining to the chair 
of Medicine, be paid to Dr. Perkins, and at an adjourned 
meeting the resignation of Dr. Smith was received and ac- 
cepted. The Board then proceeded to elect Dr. Mussey pro- 
fessor of Theory and Practice and Materia Medica. In 1816, 
Dr. Perkins was excused from lecturing on Surgery, and Ob- 
stetrics was added to his chair, instead, while Dr. Mussey 
assumed the department of Chemistry, in addition to his 
other labors. In the meanwhile Dr. Smith was reelected 
professor of Surgery, but declining to accept. Dr. Mussey 
added a course of lectures on this branch to his already labori- 
ous duties. The following year he was somewhat relieved by 
the choice of Dr. James F. Dana, as lecturer on Chemistry, 
which office he continued to hold until 1820, when he was 
elected to a full professorship. In August, 1819, Dr. Perkins 
resigned his chair. 

" By vote of the Board of Trustees, in 1820, they accepted 
the proffered fraternization of the New Hampshire Medical 
Society, by sending delegates to attend the annual examina- 
tions. The statutes were also altered very materially. By 
these amendments the Medical Faculty were allowed the sole 
control of the discipline, etc., of their department. Students 
coming to attend lectures were not required to give evidence 
of the possession of a good moral character, as under the old 
laws. The invidious have alleged that this latter amend- 
ment enabled a larger number to avail themselves of the ad- 
vantages of a medical education than might otherwise do so. 
The requirements for graduation were at the same time les- 
sened, being now limited to a knowledge of Latin and Natural 
and Experimental Philosophy, while the examinations were 
to be private, instead of public, as heretofore. 

"It was determined that the Medical Faculty should hence- 
forth consist of : 

" 1. The president of the College. 

" 2. A professor of Surgery, Obstetrics, and Medical Juris- 
prudence. 

" 3. A professor of Theory and Practice and Materia Med- 
ica. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 345 

"4. A professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy. 

" 5. A professor of Anatomy and Physiology. 

*' Dr. Mussey was elected to the first of the professorial 
chairs; Dr. Daniel Oliver, of Salem, Mass., to the second; 
Dr. James F. Dana, to the third, and Dr. Usher Parsons to 
the fourth. Dr. Parsons remained but two years, when Dr. 
Mussey was appointed professor of Anatomy, in addition to 
his other branches. No further change occurred until 1826, 
when Dr. Dana resigned the chair of Chemistry, which was 
filled by the election of Professor Hale, who continued to lec- 
ture until 1835, when his connection with the college ceased. 
The following year Dr. John Delamater was chosen profes- 
sor of the Theory and Practice of Physic, and the present in- 
cumbent, Dr. O. P. Hubbard, professor of Chemistry, while 
in 1838 a great change was made in the Medical Faculty by 
the resignation of all the lecturers except Professor Hubbard. 
By the election of the Trustees, the Faculty now consisted of 
Elisha Bartlett, Oliver Wendell Holmes, John Delamater, 
Oliver Payson Hubbard, Dixi Crosby, and Stephen W. Wil- 
liams. Dr. Bartlett resigned in 1840, and was succeeded by 
Dr. Joseph Roby. Dr. Delamater also left, and Dr. Holmes 
tendered his resignation. The next year, 1841, Dr. Phelps 
and Dr. Peaslee commenced their long and useful connection 
with the school. No farther change was made until 1849, 
when Dr. Roby resigned and Dr. Albert Smith was elected. 
In 1867 Dixi Crosby resigned the chair of Surgery, and A. B. 
Crosby, who had served as adjunct professor of Surgery since 
1862, was elected to fill the vacancy. In 1869, Dr. Peaslee, 
having resigned the chair of Anatomy and Physiology, was 
transferred to a new chair of the Diseases of Women, while 
Lyman Bartlett How, M. D., was elected to fill the vacancy. 
And finally Dr. Dixi Crosby has sent in his resignation of the 
chair of Obstetrics, to take effect at the ensuing commence- 
ment (1870), thus terminating an active connection of thirty- 
two years with the school. 

••' Nathan Smith, the founder of the school, was without dis- 
pute a great man. He wa,s born at Rehoboth, Massachusetts, 
September 30, 1762. Incited to enter the profession by wit- 
nessing an amputation in Vermont, he devoted himself to ac- 



346 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

quiring the best preliminary education his means afforded, and 
eventually entered his profession full of zeal and ambition, 
resolved to act no secondary part in his chosen vocation. To 
found a medical college at Dartmouth was the chief desire of 
his early manhood. Regardless of his own pecuniary inter- 
ests, he borrowed money to buy the necessary apparatus and 
appliances with which to commence his course of instruction. 
When the increasing demands of the institution required a 
building for its accommodation, it was through his personal 
efforts that it was secured. The means were raised and the 
project carried out by Dr. Smith, who, himself, on his own re- 
sponsibility, furnished a large part of the money. A part, as 
shown by the records, was also secured by the same gentleman 
from the Legislature of New Hampshire. 

" Dr. Smith was a man of genius. I hazard nothing in say- 
ing that he was fifty years in advance of his profession. He 
was one of those characters who was not only an observing 
man, but, rarest of all, he was a good observer. Nothing es- 
caped him, and when he had seized on all the salient points 
of a given subject, he astounded his listeners with the full, 
symmetrical character of his generalizations. 

" As intances in point, let me briefly advert to one or two 
illustrations. When Dr. Smith entered the profession, ever}'-- 
thing in the way of continued fever in the valley of the Con- 
necticut was termed typhus. Dr. S. soon became convinced 
that while true typhus did prevail, there was yet a continued 
fever essentially different in its character, and so he came to 
differentiate between typhus and typhoid. Noting carefully 
the symptoms in these cases, making autopsies whenever a 
chance occurred, and observing the morbid changes thus re- 
vealed, he soon found himself master of the situation. Then 
he wrote an unpretending little tract, in which he embodied 
his observations and his inferences. This brochure was un- 
doubtedly the first comprehensive description of typhoid fever 
written, and covered in a wonderfully exhaustive way not only 
the clinical history, but the pathology, of this most interesting 
disease. This noble record of results, obtained by observa- 
tions made mainly at Norwich, Vermont, and Cornish, New 
Hampshire, was almost the * Vox clamantis in deserto.^ 



DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 347 

" Many years later, in the great hospitals of Paris, Louis 
made and published his own observations in regard to the 
same disease, and the whole medical world rang with plau- 
dits of admiration at his genius and learning. But in the 
modest little tract of. Nathan Smith, the gist and germ of all 
the magnificent discoveries of Louis are anticipated. And thus 
it is again demonstrated that men of genius are confined to no 
age and to no country, but whether in the wilds of New 
Hampshire or in the world's gayest capital, they form a fra- 
ternity as cosmopolitan as useful. 

" I have recently learned an incident that still further illus- 
trates Dr. Smith's sagacity. While residing in Cornish he 
had 'a friend who was a sea-captain, and who, on his return 
from foreign voyages, was wont to relate to him whatever 
of interest in a medical way he might have chanced to ob- 
serve while abroad. On one occasion he told Dr. Smith that 
on his previous voyage one of the sailors dislocated his hip •, 
there being no surgeon on board, the captain tried but in vain 
to reduce it. The man was accordingly placed in a hammock 
with the dislocation unreduced. During a great storm the 
sufferer was thrown from the hammock to the floor, striking 
violently on the knee of the affected side. On examination, 
it was found that in the fall the hip had somehow been set. 
This greatly interested Dr. Smith, and he questioned the nar- 
rator again and again as to the exact position of the thigh, the 
knee and the leg, at the time of the fall. • 

'^ From this apparently insignificant circumstance. Dr. Smith 
eventually educed and reduced to successful practice the method 
of reducing dislocations by the manoeuvre, a system as useful 
as it is simple, and as scientific as the principle of flexion and 
leverage on which it depends. Had this incident been related 
to a stupid man, he would have seen nothing in it, or to a 
skeptic, he would have discredited the whole account, but 
to a man of genius it furnished a clue by which another of 
Nature's labyrinths was traced out. This system is by far 
the best ever devised, symplifying and rendering easy the 
work of the surgeon, while reducing human suffering to its 
minimum. 

" I do not propose to recall to your minds how much he did 



348 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

for Medicine and Surgery ; that were the work of days, not a 
single hour. 

" Time would fail me to relate the well authenticated tradi- 
tions of his skill, his benevolence and his practical greatness. 
But almost from the inception of his professional life until he 
left for New Haven, he was the acknowledged leader of his 
profession in the State, and his reputation came soon to cover 
the whole of New England. He was the father of several 
sons, who have since been distinguished in the same profes- 
sion. The venerable Professor N. R. Smith, of Baltimore, is 
the eldest, and perhaps the most celebrated, of the survivors." 

The venerable Dr. A. T. Lowe adds the following valuable 
paragraphs : 

*' In the organization and early history of the Medical 
department of Dartmouth College Dr. Nathan Smith occu- 
pied a preeminent position. For ten or twelve years he was 
the actual manager and the only professor in the institution, 
giving three lectures each day, for five days in the week, 
through the term of ten to twelve weeks. He lectured with 
great acceptance in all the branches of the profession then 
taught in the few kindred institutions existing in the coun- 
try, and he contributed liberally to the pecuniary support of 
the institution, frequently to his great personal inconvenience. 
With these accumulated duties to discharge, he faithfully at- 
tended to a large practice in Medicine and Surgery, which was 
daily increasing, and severely tasking his physical as well as 
his intellectual powers, and his fame, in the line of his pro- 
fession, soon placed him at its head ; and his skill and the his- 
tory of his remarkable success, so frequently announced, and 
so well attested, was early recognized and acknowledged, not 
only throughout his State, but was scarcely limited to New 
England. By a seeming universal consent Dr. Smith's name 
stood among the highest in the medical temple of fame. 

" Dr. Smith was not what the world would now call a 
learned man. We may say of him, in this respect, what Ben 
Jonson said of Shakespeare : ' He knew little Latin and less 
Greek,' but he had a mind and a power of intellect which as 
eminently fitted him for a physician, as Shakespeare's genius 
qualified him to become a dramatist of the highest character ; 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 349 

and whatever the occasion, whether it related to the lecturer 
or teacher, to the surgeon or physician. Dr. Smith could read- 
ily exercise his whole moral force for the enlightenment of his 
pupil, or the health of his patient. 

" The writer of these lines became his pupil in 1816 ; at- 
tending him almost daily in his professional visits, to witness 
his practice and listen to his clinical instruction." 

After giving one or two instances of his quick diagnostic 
ability and his highly successful practice, he continues : 

*' Dr. Smith was a great and good man. He never ap- 
peared to toil for professional fame, but to do good to his 
fellow-man : and in view of his virtues as a citizen and his 
justly preeminent skill as a physician, one of his surviving 
pupils of those early days, who now counts more than four- 
score years, feels impelled to exclaim, — Honored be the 
memory of Nathan Smith, the founder, father, and for many 
years the sustainer of the Medical Department of Dartmouth 
College ; ever recognized by all his friends and acquaintances 
— and their name was legion — - as an honest man and most 
useful citizen." 

Professor Smith married successively, Elizabeth and Sarah, 
daughters of Gen. Jonathan Chase, of Cornish, N. H. He 
died at New Haven, Conn., where he had been some years a 
professor in the Medical Department of Yale College, January 
26, 1829. 

A commemorative " Address," by Professor A. B. Crosby, 
contains the following account of Professor Smith's successor : 

" Reuben Dimond Mussey was born in Pelham, N. H., 
June 23, 1780. His father. Dr. John Mussey, was a respect- 
able physician and an excellent man. 

" Determined to have an education, although top poor to 
immediately attain it, he labored on a farm in summer and 
taught a school during the winter. This he continued to do 
until, at the age of twenty-one, he entered the Junior class in 
Dartmouth College, in the year 1801. He continued to teach 
for his support while in college, and acquitted himself credita- 
bly as a scholar, being reckoned in the first third of his class. 

" He was graduated in August, 1803, and immediately be- 



350 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

came a pupil of Dr. Nathan Smith, the founder of Dartmouth 
Medical College. The following summer young Mussey taught 
an academy at Peterborough, and studied with Dr. Howe of 
Jaffrey. 

'* He completed his studies with Dr. Smith, sustained a 
public examination, and read and defended a thesis on Dys- 
entery. The degree of Bachelor of Medicine having been 
conferred upon him in 1806, he commenced practice in Ips- 
wich, now Essex, Mass. Here he practiced successfully for 
three years, when he settled his business and went to Phila- 
delphia, where he engaged in medical study for a period of 
nine months. While at Chebacco, now Essex, Mass., he 
married Miss Mary Sewall, who survived the marriage only 
three years. He subsequently married Miss Hetty Osgood, 
a daughter of Dr. Osgood of Salem, who served as a surgeon 
in the army during the Revolution. Under the instruction of 
Benjamin Smith Barton, he attended a full course of lec- 
tures in the University of Pennsylvania, and was graduated 
as a Doctor in Medicine in the year 1809. The professors 
at that time were Rush, Wistar, Physic, Dorsey, Barton, and 
Woodhouse. 

" Drs. Chapman and James gave the course in Obstetrics. 
Dr. Mussey here distinguished himself by a series .of experi- 
ments tending to rebut some of the generally received phys- 
iological doctrines of the time. 

" On his return from Philadelphia he settled in Salem, 
Mass., and soon afterward formed a partnership with Dr. 
Daniel Oliver, subsequently a professor in the Dartmouth 
Medical College. 

*' These gentlemen gave popular courses of lectures on 
Chemistry, in Salem, with great acceptance. Dr. Mussey 
remained in this field between five and six years, and attained 
a large practice during the last three years, averaging, it is 
said, a fraction over three obstetric cases a week. He had 
already distinguished himself as a surgeon, and in the autumn 
of 1814 he was called to the chair of Theory and Practice at 
Dartmouth. He gave in addition a course on Chemistry, most 
acceptably to the students, and engaged in an extended and 
a laborious practice. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 351 

" In 1822, Dr. Mussey was appointed professor of Anatomy 
and Surgery. Until the close of the session of 1838, he held 
this chair, and also lectured on Materia Medica alid Obstet- 
rics, to meet occasional exigencies in the college. 

" In the summer of 1818 he lectured on Chemistry in the 
college at Middlebury, Vt. In December, 1829, Dr. Mussey 
left Hanover for Paris, where he remained several months. 
He passed several weeks in London, visited the great 'hospi- 
tals and museums, both there and in the provinces, and be- 
came acquainted with many distinguished men. 

" Not far from this time he was invited to fill the chair of 
Anatomy and Surgery at Bowdoin College, which he did for 
four years in succession. In 1836 and 1837, Dr. Mussey went 
to Fairfield, New York, and gave lectures on surgery at the 
Medical College in that place. During the year 1837 a pro- 
fessorship was tendered him in New York city, Cincinnati, and 
Nashville, Tennessee. He decided to accept the call to Cin- 
cinnati, and for fourteen years was the leading man in the 
Ohio Medical College. He then founded the Miami Medical 
College, labored assiduously for its good six years, and then 
retired from active professional life, though still retaining all 
his ardor and enthusiasm for his chosen profession. At the 
close of his professorial duties in 1858, Dr. Mussey removed 
to Boston, where he spent the remainder of his life, and died 
from the infirmities of age, June 21, 1866. 

*' He had ever been from his youth a consistent, devout 
Christian, and his record is without spot or blemish. 

" It was as a surgeon that Dr. Mussey came to be most ex- 
tensively known. Both as an operative and a scientific sur- 
geon he attained a national reputation. 

" He cared not to make a figure, but to benefit his patient ; 
not to gain eclat^ but to save human life. He believed much 
in skilled surgery, something in nature, but most of all in 
God. So it transpired that on the eve of a great operation 
he frequently knelt at the bedside, and sought skill and 
strength and success from the great Source of all vitality. 
We are told that the moral effect upon the patient, and the 
peaceful composure that followed, were not the least of the 
agencies that so often rendered his surgery successful. 



352 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" But he was not content blindly to accept the dictum of 
those who had gone before. Every principle was carefully 
scrutinized, and whatever he believed to be false he did not 
hesitate to attack, and so his name came to be associated with 
surgical progress. As illustrative of this point, some instances 
may be adduced. 

"In the year 1830, and before that period, Sir Astley 
Cooper had taught the doctrine of non-union in cases of intra- 
capsular fracture, and it was generally accepted as an estab- 
lished principle at that time. Dr. Mussey carried a specimen 
to England which he believed showed the possibility of such 
union taking place. Sir Astley on first seeing it said, " This 
was never broken," but on seeing a section of the same speci- 
men remarked, ' This does look a little more like it, to be sure, 
but I do not think the fracture was entirely within the cap- 
sular ligament.' John Thompson of Edinburgh, on seeing it, 
declared ' upon his troth and honor ' that it had never been 
broken. This eminent surgeon, like the disputatious Massa- 
chusetts Scotchman, 'always positive and sometimes right,' 
was in this instance mistaken, as the principle advocated by 
Dr. Mussey is now established. 

" As a surgeon he was bold and fearless, ever willing to as- 
sume any legitimate responsibility, even though it took him 
into the undiscovered country of experiment. He did not do 
this rashly, but only when the stake was worthy of the risk. 
There is still living in Hanover a monument of Dr. Mussey's 
pluck and skill. -This man had a large, ulcerated and bleed- 
ing nsevus on the vertex of his head, which threatened a 
speedy death. There seemed no way to relieve the patient 
except by tying both carotids, which was regarded as an 
operation inevitably fatal. The danger was imminent, and 
as Dr. Mussey could see no way to untie the knot, he deter- 
mined to cut it. He tied one carotid, and in twelve days tied 
the other, following both operations in a few weeks with a re- 
moval of the tumor. The recovery was perfect, and the case 
was, we believe, the first recorded instance where both carotids 
were successfully tied. This operation gave him great fame 
both at home and abroad. 

" It is not my purpose to attempt an account of the surgery 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 353 

done by this eminent man, only to touch on some of its salient 
points. Thus he successfully removed an ovarian tumor, at a 
time when the operation had been done only a few times in 
the world. He removed a boy's tongue which measured eight 
inches in circumference, and projected five inches beyond the 
jaws, and the patient recovered. 

*' He removed the scapula and a large part of the clavicle 
at one operation, from a patient on whom he had amputated 
previously at the shoulder-joint. Dr. Mussey supposed that 
this was the first operation of the kind [as it was in some 
respects] in the history of Surgery. 

*' He several times removed the upper, and portions of the 
lower, jaw. Dr. Mussey kept no extended records of his op- 
erations, but I subjoin a few statements alike interesting to 
us and creditable to him. 

" He performed the operation of lithotomy forty-nine times, 
and all the patients recovered but four. He operated for 
strangulated hernia forty times, and with a fatal result in 
only eight cases. He practiced subcutaneous deligation in 
forty cases of varicocele, and all were successful. Dr. Mus- 
sey operated four times for perineal fistula, twice for imper- 
meable stricture of the urethra, and did a large number of 
plastic operations with the best results. He also successfully 
treated a recto-vaginal fistula. 

" These are only a fraction of the innumerable operations 
which he did, yet they show results such as the greatest sur- 
geons in the world would be proud to declare. 

" But it is not alone as a surgeon that Dr. Mussey attained 
excellence. It was as an accurate observer that he early 
made himself known to the medical world. The habit of his 
mind was positive ; he respected authority, and to the latest 
period of his life was assiduous in acquiring professional 
knowledge from books no less than from observation. He 
delighted to fortify himself in any given position by citing 
authorities, and always showed that he had informed himself 
exhaustively in the bibliography of the subject. Yet it was 
his habit to subject every medical statement to the most rigid 
tests. While pursuing his studies in Philadelphia, he joined 
issue with Dr. Rush on some of the physiological doctrines 

23 



354 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

which were generally received at that time. This distin- 
guished man had taught the doctrine of non-absorption by 
the skin. This was supposed to have been proved by an ex- 
periment in which a young man, confined in a small room, 
breathed through a tube running through the wall into the 
open air, the surface of the skin being rubbed at the same 
time with turpentine, asparagus, etc. As no odor of these 
substances was perceptible in the secretions, it was inferred 
that no absorption had taken place through the skin, and that 
it was impossible. Dr. Mussey, believing this doctrine to be 
fallacious, immersed himself in a strong solution of madder 
for three hours. He had the satisfaction of getting unmis- 
takable evidence of the presence of madder in the secretions 
for two days, the addition of an alkali always rendering them 
red. He repeated this experiment with the same result, and 
made it the theme of a thesis on his graduation. Some of 
the Faculty who differed with Dr. Rush on the subject were 
much pleased with these experiments, and predicted even then 
for our friend a distinguished career." 

Professor Mussey died at Boston June 21, 1866. 

We quote from Dr. J. W. Barstow's obituary notice in the 
" New York Medical Journal," November, 1873, of Professor 
Mussey's successor. 

" Dr. Dixi Crosby, for thirty-two years professor of Sur- 
gery in Dartmouth College, died at his residence in Hanover, 
N. H., September 26, 1873. Dr. Crosby was born February 
7, 1800, at Sandwich, N. H., of pure New England stock, — 
strong in the best Puritan element, where self-reliance, love 
of justice, and unbending will, formed the basis of character 
and the mainspring of action. His father's father was a 
captain in the Revolutionary army, and served with two of 
his sons at the battle of Bunker Hill. His maternal grand- 
father (Hoit) was one of Washington's body-guard, and later 
in life a' judge of some distinction. His father. Dr. Asa 
Crosby, who married Betsey Hoit, was a surgeon of eminence 
in eastern New Hampshire. At the age of twenty, he en- 
tered upon the study of Medicine in the ofiice of his father. 

" The practice of a country doctor in New Hampshire of 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 355 

course embraced every department and variety of professional 
work. But Surgery offered to young Crosby a special charm, 
and the ardor with which he threw himself into this branch 
of the profession showed early fruits. From the day when 
he commenced his Anatomy, his practice and his study went 
hand in hand. Fearless and original, ready in expedients' 
and ingenious in their use, he observed, he resolved, and he 
acted. 

" In the first year of his study he accompanied his father to 
a consultation in the case of a man whose leg had been frozen, 
and whose condition was most critical. It was agreed by the 
older physicians that amputation at an earlier stage might 
have saved the patient's life, but that it was now too late 
to attempt it. Young Crosby urged that the operation be 
performed, but the elders shook their heads. He even pro- 
posed to attempt it himself; but this was received with a 
storm of disapproval, in which even his father joined, and the 
thing was pronounced impossible. The doctors then departed, 
leaving the student to watch with the patient during the few 
hours which apparently remained of life. During the night 
young Crosby succeeded in reviving the courage of the man 
to make a last effort for life. The limb was removed, and 
the man recovered. 

" His second year of study developed still further the grow- 
ing resources of the young surgeon. Upon one occasion both 
father and son, while visiting a patient at night, in a distant 
village, were suddenly called to a case of extensive laceration 
of the leg, with profuse hemorrhage. The case was urgent, 
and the patient was sinking. No instruments' were at hand. 
He called for a carving-knife, which he sharpened on a grind- 
stone and finished on a razor-strap, filed a hand-saw, ampu- 
tated the limb, dressed the stump, left the patient in safety, 
and drove home with his father to breakfast. The man re- 
covered. 

" Before a nature so fearless, and so fertile in expedients, 
obstacles speedily vanish, and young Crosby found himself in 
possession of a large and responsible practice, even before 
taking his medical degree, and at the early age of twenty- 
three years. The following year (1824) he graduated in 



356 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

Medicine at Dartmouth (having passed his examination in 
November preceding), and for ten years remained in Gilman- 
ton, in practice with his father. He then removed to Mere- 
dith Bridge, now Laconia, N. H., where he practiced for three 
years ; and in 1838 was called to the chair of Surgery in Dart- 
mouth College, then recently made vacant by the resignation 
of the late Dr. Mussey. In this j&eld Dr. Crosby found at 
once full exercise for all his large resources of head and heart 
and hand. As an instructor he was clear, direct, and definite, 
— imparting to his pupils his own zeal, and teaching them his 
own self-reliance. ' Depend upon yourselves, young gentle- 
men,' he invariably said. * Take no man's diagnosis, but see 
with your own eyes, feel with your own fingers, judge with 
your own judgment, and be the disciple of no man.' 

*' In his class, he was courteous without familiarity, patient 
with dulness, but quick to punish impertinence ; always kind, 
always dignified, always genial. The practical view of a sub- 
ject was the view which he delighted to take ; and the dry 
humor with which he never failed to emphasize his point, at 
once fixed it in the memory of the class, and made it available 
for future use. With his oflSce-students, Dr. Crosby was the 
very soul of geniality and confidence. He saw and measured 
men at a glance, and was rarely wrong in his estimate of 
character. Strong in his own convictions, he was yet tender 
of the infirmities and the prejudices of others, and his gener- 
ous instincts lost no opportunity for their daily exercise. 

*' His love of nature was as instinctive and as thorough as 
his knowledge of men. He transferred the treasures of the 
woods to his own garden. He studied the habits of birds and 
insects, and his parlors were adorned with a cabinet of Amer- 
ican birds more complete than is often found in the museum 
of a professed naturalist. He reveled in the ' pomp of groves 
and garniture of fields,' and his daily drives through the 
picturesque scenery of the Connecticut valley fed his aesthetic 
taste, and proved a compensation for fatigue. 

" Dr. Crosby, though a surgeon by nature and by preference, 
was in no modern sense a specialist. His professional labors 
covered the whole range of Medicine. His professorship in- 
cluded Obstetrics as well as Surgery, and his practice in this 



daktmouth" college. 357 

department was exceptionally large. His surgical diocese 
extended from Lake Cliamplain to Boston. Distance seemed 
no bar to his influence, and his professional journeys were 
often made by night as well as by day. Of the special opera- 
tions of Dr. Crosby we do not propose here to speak in detail. 
It is sufficient to mention that, in 1824, he devised a new and 
ingenious mode of reducing metacarpo-phalangeal dislocation. 
In 1836 he removed the arm, scapula, and three quarters of 
the clavicle at a single operation, for the first time in the. 
history of Surgery. He was the first to open abscess of the 
hip-joint. He performed his operations, without ever having 
seen them performed, almost without exception. Dr. Crosby 
was not what may be called a rapid operator. ' An opera- 
tion, gentlemen,' he often said to his clinical students, 'is 
soon enough done when it is well enough done.' And, with 
him, it was never done otherwise than well. 

" At the outbreak of the rebellion. Dr. Crosby served in the 
provost-marshal's office at a great sacrifice for many months, 
attending to his practice chiefly at night. As years and 
honors accumulated. Dr. Crosby still continued his work, 
though his constitutional vigor was impaired by the severity 
of the New Hampshire winters, and by his. unremitting labor. 
At length, having reached man's limit of three-score years and 
ten, he withdrew from active practice, and in 1870 resigned 
his chair in the college, to which his son succeeded. From 
that time it was plain that Dr. Crosby's life-work was nearly 
done. In his well-ordered and delightful home he found that 
rest to which his long service in behalf of humanity entitled 
him. His end was perfect dignity and perfect peace. 

" To those of us who had been most intimately associated 
with our departed friend, who had enjoyed his teachings, his 
counsels, and his generous kindness, the news of his death 
came as a heavy shock. But he still lives in the remembrance 
of his distinguished services, in the unfading affection and 
gratitude of his pupils, and in the many hearts whose burdens 
he has lifted. Verily, ' Extinctus amahitur idem ! ' " 

Professor Crosby married Mary Jane, daughter of Stephen 
Moody, of Gilmanton, N . H. 



358 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

The following paragraphs relating to one of Dartmouth's 
most eminent professors, the esteemed classmate of President 
Bartlett, who says : '' Outside of my own family circle, Ihad 
no better friend," are from the pen of Dr. T. A. Emmet, of 
New York. 

" Edmund Rantdolph Peaslee was bom at Newton, 
New Hampshire, January 22, 1814. We have no record of 
his boyhood, or of his life previous to graduating from Dart- 
mouth College, with the class of 1836. In this institution he 
occupied the position of tutor from 1837 to 1839, when he en- 
tered the Medical Department of Yale College and took his 
degree in 1840. 

" The following year he settled in Hanover, N. H., and 
commenced the practice of his profession. Without waiting 
in expectation, he began his busy life by delivering a popular 
course of lectures on Anatomy and Physiology. 

" These lectures indicated so clearly his talents that, in 
1842, but two years after entering the profession, he was ap- 
pointed professor of Anatomy and Physiology in the Medical 
Department of Dartmouth College, and retained the office 
until his death. Within a year afterwards, in 1843, he was 
appointed lecturer, and shortly afterwards professor of Anat- 
omy and Surgery in the Medical School in Maine, connected 
with Bowdoin College. He filled those two professorships 
until 1857, when he gave up Anatomy, but continued to lec- 
ture on Surgery until 1860. Dr. Peaslee first came to the 
city of New York in 1851, on receiving the professorship of 
Physiology and General Pathology in the New York Medical 
College, then just being established. 

*' This position he held for four years, when he was trans- 
ferred to the chair of Obstetrics, and continued to lecture on 
this branch until the institution was closed about 1860. He, 
however, did not settle in New York, to the practice of his 
profession, until 1858. After 1860, he mainly devoted himself 
to his practice, lecturing little except during the summer or 
autumn course in Dartmouth College. But to do justice to 
his subject and compress the whole subject into the space of 
some six weeks, this being his time of recreation from business, 
he always dehvered at least two lectures a day and frequently 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 359 

more. In 1870, he was elected one of the Trustees of his 
Alma Mater, which had in 1859 conferred on him the degree 
of Doctor of Laws. From 1872, he delivered a course of lec- 
tures in the Medical Department on the Diseases of Women. 
Two years afterwards, the course on Obstetrics and the Dis- 
eases of Women in the Bellevue Hospital Medical College 
was divided, when Dr. Peaslee was offered and accepted the 
chair of Gynaecology. At about this date he also occupied 
for a short time a professorship in the Albany Medical School. 
On the reorganization of the Medical Department of the 
Woman's Hospital of the State of New York, in 1872, he was 
made one of the Attending Surgeons, and held this position, 
together with his professorship in the Bellevue Hospital Med- 
ical College, at the time of his death. 

" In 1857, he published in Philadelphia, ' Human Histology, 
in its Relations to Descriptive Anatomy, Physiology, and 
Pathology,' in which were given for the first time, by transla- 
tion, the experiments of Robin and Verdell on Anatomical 
Chemistry. But the one great work which will identify 
him with his generation is that on ' Ovarian Tumors, their 
Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment, especially by Ovariot- 
omy,' published in New York, 1872. To this work he con- 
tributed but little original matter, beyond his personal ex- 
perience, which had been large at that time. He, however, 
presented a digest of the whole subject in so thorough and 
masterly a manner that this work is destined to be a classic 
and a landmark as it were. It will be the future starting- 
point for the literature of this subject, as an original patent 
is in the searching of a title. There will be no need to go be- 
yond his researches on this subject, as they are exhaustive. 

" For one feature in his work he has often expressed the 
greatest satisfaction, that he had been able to establish for 
Dr. Ephraim McDowell the credit of being the first ovarioto- 
mist. In consequence of his labors, the world has at length 
given us credit for this great discovery, of no less value than 
many others which we can claim to have originated in our 
country, for the prolongation of life and for the mitigation of 
suffering. 

" Dr. Peaslee, at some time in his life, had lectured on 



360 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

every branch of Medical science. With the exception ot Dr. 
Physic, we have not another instance where the lecturer was 
equally proficient in the practice. But if we compare the 
extent of professional knowledge in Dr. Physic's generation 
and the acquirements of the present day, Dr. Peaslee will 
stand alone. Notwithstanding the incessant claims of his 
profession, he kept up through life his collegiate training in 
the classics, his taste for mathematics, and had acquired the 
knowledge of one or more modern languages. Few men in 
the profession were more familiar with the literature of our 
own language." 

Dr. W. M. Chamberlain, who had rare opportunities for 
appreciating the character and worth of Dr. Peaslee, says : 

'' The call for a sketch of Dr. Peaslee's professional life and 
work will be abundantly satisfied by the recorded tributes of 
his more immediate colleagues and associates, Drs. Barker, 
Thomas, Emmet, Flint, and others. These are but a part of 
the testimony which after his death came from far and near. 
Wherever men were gathered for the study and discussion of 
medical subjects it was felt that a fountain of knowledge was 
closed, a leader of opinion was gone, and they made haste to 
acknowledge their obligations and their loss. He was a mem- 
ber of many such organizations, and almost uniformly advanced 
to the front rank in position. 

" President of the New Hampshire Medical Society ; of the 
New York County Medical Society ; the American Gynae- 
cological Society ; the New York Academy of Medicine ; the 
New York Pathological Society ; the New York Obstetrical 
Society ; the New York Medical Journal Association, etc., etc., 
he reaped all the honors. Yet no one ever thought of him 
as a seeker of office. The tribute was always spontaneous, 
necessary : ' Palmam qui meruit ferat ! ' 

" And these honors were not awarded for any great effort 
or success in some partial field. He was decorated for ser- 
vice in each specific line, as Physician, Surgeon, Pathologist, 
, Gynaecologist, Bibliographer. His attainments were compre- 
hensive and symmetrical. 

" He had the very great advantage of a liberal general edu- 
cation. This gave him his broad outlook upon all depart- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 361 

ments of science. He had by nature" a mathematical and 
logical habit of mind. This made him the accurate and com- 
plete student that he was, both in original investigations and 
literary research. At the outset of his career he sought the 
best schools. Just then (1840) reigned a new enthusiasm in 
the physical and experimental study of the Medical Sciences 
at Paris. Laennec, Andral, Louis, Malgaigne, Velpeau, and 
Bernard, were the worthy models and masters of the young 
American. 

"Thus well-endowed, well-grounded, and well-guided, he 
entered upon a life of professional study, which he pursued 
with unremitting ardor and diligence even to the end of life. 

" It would seem to be a great thing to say of any man that 
he was never idle, and never unprofitably employed ; but it 
might be more justly said of Dr. Peaslee than of any other 
person known to the writer. He wasted no work. His con- 
clusions were not reached by intuition or guess, but slowly 
and surely elaborated, exactly formulated and classified, so as 
to be always at his command. 

" More than any other member of the profession known to 
the writer did he illustrate each clause of Bacon's category, 
that ' Reading maketh the full man ; writing the exact man ; 
and conversation the ready man.' 

" From the first he was an agreeable and satisfactory 
teacher, year by year, increasingly so ; this work he did for 
thirty-six years ; in six Medical Colleges, in five different de- 
partments of the curriculum, before nearly a hundred different 
classes of students. Such training, such practice, made him a 
teacher in every professional circle. In societies he was wont 
to be a silent and often apparently an abstracted listener until 
near the close of the debate ; then he would rise and review 
the whole subject with a memory so comprehensive, a knowl- 
edge so complete, and an appreciation so judicial, that nothing 
more remained to be said. His books and monographs for the 
time and era of their publication were standard, and will al- 
ways remain exceptionally valuable. Only the lapse of many 
years may antiquate but never stale his elegant work on 
* Ovarian Tumors,' of which one of his most famous compeers 
has said that he would ' rather have written it than any other 
medical work of any time or in any language.' 



362 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" In his personal delations to the members of the profes- 
sion, Dr. Peaslee was genial, charitable, and just. His patients 
looked to him in perfect confidence and respect, personally as 
well as professionally. He was as remarkable for the diligent 
care as for the thorough study of his cases ; and at every 
visit he dispensed with gentle humor the best medicines, faith 
and hope. 

" From youth through middle life he passed in the light of 
growing knowledge ; in the serenity of accomplished duty ; 
in the prestige of gathering fame and fortune ; and he died 
before age or decay had limited his scope of life." 

Prof. Peaslee married Martha Thankful, daughter of Hon. 
Stephen Kendrick, of Lebanon, N. H. He died in New York 
City, January 21, 1878. 

Reliable sources furnish some facts regarding another gen- 
tleman long and honorably connected with this Department. 

Prof. Albert Smith, M. D., LL. D., was born in Peter- 
borough, N. H. He graduated at Dartmouth College, in 1825, 
and took his medical degree there, in 1833. He was early suc- 
cessful as a practitioner, and before middle age acquired a 
high reputation as a medical scholar and thinker. 

In 1849, he was appointed professor of Materia Medica and 
Therapeutics in the Dartmouth Medical College, where he 
continued to lecture till his resignation, in 1870, from which 
time until his death he was professor Emeritus. In 1857, he 
delivered his course of lectures at the Vermont Medical Col- 
lege, and also the course at the Bowdoin Medical School, in 
1859. 

The honorary degree of LL. D. was conferred on him by 
Dartmouth College, in 1870, and also an honorary degree of 
M. D. by the Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1875. He 
was also an honorary member of the New York Medical So- 
ciet}?". As a medical instructor he was included in the first 
rank of New England professors. His writings also gained 
him a wide and enviable reputation. Among his publications 
were a lecture on Hippocrates ; also one on Paracelsus, and a 
commemorative Discourse on the death of Dr. Amos Twitchell, 
besides various articles in the medical journals and in the 
transactions of the New Hampshire Medical Society. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 363. 

With high professional attainments and distinctions Prof. 
Smith united a personal character of the highest purity, in- 
tegrity, and nobility. He had been for a long time a member 
and constant attendant upon the Unitarian Church, and for 
thirty years a Sunday-school teacher. He was a strong advo- 
cate of temperance, and took a deep interest in the cause of 
education. He represented Peterborough, his place of resi- 
dence, in the Legislature several times. He devoted the spare 
hours of his latest years to the preparation of a " History of 
the Town of Peterborough," which was published in a large 
octavo volume in 1876. He married Fidelia Stearns, February 
26, 1828. Prof. Smith died at Peterborough, February 22, 
1878. 

The following paragraphs relating to one of Dartmouth's 
most largely endowed, highly cultivated, and warmly beloved 
teachers. Prof. Alpheus B. Crosby, who was born at Gil- 
manton, N. H., February 22, 1832, and was the son of Dr. 
Dixi and Mary Jane (Moody) Crosby, are from a Memorial 
"Discourse" by Dr. J. W. Barstow : 

" Seven generations of tough New England fibre, combining 
sturdy physique, thorough individuality and undiluted com- 
mon sense, form a groundwork on which no modern youth 
need hesitate to build, while the mellow background of a vir- 
tuous lineage well prepares the canvas for whatever of high 
aim and noble deed shall fill up the fresher foreground of his 
own life's picture. 

" The native temperament of the boy, as I remember him, 
showed some rare combinations and counterpoises. With an 
exuberance of animal spirits he had, also, a natural balance of 
caution. He was ardent, but not hasty ; he was seK reliant 
and fearless, but never precipitate ; frank and affable, though 
not easily won by a stranger ; fond of experiment, but also in- 
tensely practical. He was prompt to decide, but always took 
time for detail, and pursued perseveringly to the end what- 
ever engaged his attention and his effort. 

" His constant association with his father, and with his 
father's friends, made the boy perfectly at home in the office 
and in the society of professional men ; and almost from his 



364 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.' 

cradle he was accustomed to assist in minor operations and 
in the general detail of a student's service. Being a discreet 
lad, he often accompanied the elder Crosby in professional 
visits ; and thus the face of the ' parvus liilus,' became, early, 
?L3 familiar as that of the 'pater ^neas,' and grevr, later, to 
be as welcome. 

" When chloroform in Surgery was first introduced, Dr. 
Dixi Crosby went to Boston to study its efEects, and was one 
of the first surgeons in New Hampshire to employ it in his 
practice. Young Ben was then a school-boy of fifteen. His 
father, with full confidence in the coolness and self possession 
of his son, at once commenced training him as an assistant for 
the administration of the anaesthetic ; teaching him to watch 
the pulse and respiration, and to note all the necessary con- 
ditions for. its safe employment. And from this time, even 
long before our friend commenced the systematic study of his 
profession, he assisted his father, and administered the chloro- 
form in many important operations, sometimes even making 
long journeys for the purpose. It is interesting to add, also, 
that in all the years of their practice together, and in all their 
operations, performed under the use of chloroform, there never 
occurred a single accident from its administration. 

" On graduating at Dartmouth, in 1853, our young friend 
pursued his medical studies in the office of his father. He 
attended lectures both at Dartmouth and at the College of 
Physicians in New York City, and served for one year as in- 
terne in the U. S. Marine Hospital at Chelsea, Massachusetts. 
With the exception of these necessary absences from home, 
he gave every day of these preparatory years to the assist- 
ance of his father in his wide and laborious practice. To this 
course he was stimulated no less by filial ardor than by his 
growing professional zeal. 

" His medical degree was taken at Dartmouth, in 1856, and 
instead of beginning to practice, we may say that he contin- 
ued to practice with his father in Hanover, going in and out 
as a favorite, both with patients and in society. 

"immediately on receiving his medical degree. Dr. Crosby 
was appointed demonstrator of Pathological Anatomy in the 
Dartmouth Medical College, an ofi&ce which he ably filled for 
five years. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 365 

• 

"At the outbreak of tlie rebellion, in 1861, be was appointed 
surgeon of the first regiment New Hampshire Volunteers, for 
three months' service. This being concluded, he was at once 
commissioned as Brigade Surgeon of U. S. Volunteers, and 
soon after promoted to the rank of Medical Director, serving 
as such on the staffs, successively, of Generals Stone, Casey, 
Sedgwick, and Peck. His army service was marked by the 
same strong individuality, the same resolute activity, the same 
executive talent, which we have seen stamped upon the boy 
and the youth. Added to all those other qualities, was that 
same genial humanity which made friends of every one. His 
brother officers trusted him, depended upon him, and loved 
him. The private soldiers idolized him, for they saw his quick 
and constant sympathy for them, and knew that his large and 
loving heart embraced them all in its tender care. 

" In the noble record of his army service, let us not forget, 
that to our lamented friend belongs the credit of having orig- 
inated and erected the first complete military hospital on the 
modern ' pavilion plan ' that was built during the war of the 
rebellion. 

" This hospital was visited and admired by surgeons through- 
out the army, as a model of complete ventilation and drain- 
age. Its plans were extensively copied, and the record of its 
usefulness is preserved in the archives of the War Depart- 
ment. 

" In all his widening range of work and of social activities 
says Professor Parker, ' his large heart seemed as incapable 
of being overloaded with friendships as it was inexhaustible in 
its overflowing friendliness. His personal magnetism held 
fast old friends, while the keen points of his magnetic nature 
constantly caught new affinities and drew to him fresh inti- 
macies.' 

" In the autumn of 1862, he was appointed adjunct professor 
of Surgery in Dartmouth, and from that time forward his 
honors^ literally, outran his years, 

" The number of his appointments to professional chairs in 
different institutions, is something beyond precedent in the 
history of any young American practitioner. 

" In 1865, he was invited to the chair of Surgery in the 



366 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

University of Vermont, and in the same year to a similar chair 
in the University of Michigan. 

" Both these positions he accepted, and ably filled for sev- 
eral years. 

" In 1870, on the resignation of his honored father at the 
age of threescore and ten, Dr. Ben was at once called to the 
chair of Surgery in Dartmouth, and entered upon its duties, 
still continuing to perform full duty in both his other profes- 
sorships. He also delivered a course of surgical lectures in 
Bowdoin College, Maine, during the same year. 

" In 1871, he received the appointment of Surgical professor 
in the Long Island Medical College^ in the city of Brooklyn, 
which he accepted, together with the post of visiting surgeon 
in the hospital to which the college was attached. His work 
daring this period was extremely arduous, but was performed 
with the utmost ability and credit. 

" In 1872, he was invited to a professorship in the New York 
University, and also to another (that of Surgical Anatomy) in 
Bellevue Hospital Medical College in New York City. The 
former of these he declined, but he accepted the latter and 
retained it until his death. 

" In 1873, Dr. Crosby was invited by the Trustees of Jef- 
ferson Medical College, Philadelphia, to accept the chair of 
Anatomy, on the resignation of the distinguished Dr. Pan- 
coast. 

" This, though not accepted, may be reckoned the crowning 
honor in his wreath of professional laurels." 

For all the qualities which distinguish the model physician, 
surgeon, teacher, and companion, few names, in all the annals 
of Medicine, stand higher than that of Alpheus Benning 
Crosby. 

Professor Crosby married at Baltimore, Md., Mildred Glas- 
sell, daughter of Dr. Wm. R. Smith. He died at Hanover, 
August 9, 1877. 

In closing this record the valuable services of Parsons, Del- 
amater, Bartlett, Holmes, Hubbard, Roby, Williams, Phelps, 
Field, How, and Frost should not escape our notice. 



CHAPTER XXVIII. 

THE CHANDLER SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT. — THE AGRICUL- 
TURAL DEPARTMENT. — THE THAYER DEPARTMENT OF 
CIVIL ENGINEERING. 

The following account of the Chandler Scientific Depart- 
ment of the college is from the pen of Professor Ruggles and 
other authentic sources. 

The building formerly occupied by Moor's Charity School 
is now occupied by this Department. 

Extracts from Mr. Chandler's will give us an idea of the 
department of instruction which he wished to establish. 

" I give and devise the sum of fifty thousand dollars .... 
for the establishment and support of a permanent department 
or school of instruction in the college, in the practical and use- 
ful arts of life, comprised chiefly in the branches of Mechan- 
ics and Civil Engineering, the Invention and Manufacture 
of Machinery, Carpentry, Masonry, Architecture and Draw- 
ing, the Investigation of the properties and uses of the Mate- 
rials employed in the Arts, the Modern Languages and Eng- 
lish Literature, together with Book-keeping, and such other 
branches of knowledge as may best qualify young persons for 
the duties and employments of active life ; but, first of all 
and above all, I would enjoin in connection with the above 
branches, tlie careful inculcation of the principles of pure 
morality, piety, and religion, without introducing topics of 
controversial theology, that the benefits of said department 
or school may be equally enjoyed by all religious denomina- 
tions without distinction 

" To the end that my wishes in respect to the foregoing leg- 
acy may be observed, I do hereby constitute a perpetual Board 
of Visitors, consisting of two persons, who shall, during the 



368 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

term of their respective lives, visit the said department or 
school as often as they shall deem it necessary and advisable 
to do so, and at least once in each year one or both of said 
Visitors shall examine the condition of its funds, and the 
management and disposition of the same, as well as the man- 
agement of the said department or school generally 

" The said Board of Visitors shall have full power to deter- 
mine, interpret, and explain my wishes in respect to this 
foundation ; to redress grievances, both with respect to pro- 
fessors and students ; to hear appeals from the decisions of 
the Board of Trustees, and to provide remedy upon complaint 
duly exhibited in behalf of the professors or students ; to re- 
view and reverse any censure passed by said Trustees upon 
any professor or student on this foundation ; to declare void 
all rules and regulations made by said Trustees relative to this 
foundation, which in their opinion may be inconsistent with 
my wishes as herein expressed, or improper or injudicious ; to 
take care that the duties of every professor or other officer 
on this foundation be intelligently and faithfully discharged, 
and to admonish or remove such professor or officer either for 
misbehavior, incapacity, or neglect of the duties of his office ; 
to examine into the proficiency of the students, and to ad- 
monish, dismiss, or suspend any student for negligence, con- 
tumacy or crime, or disobedience to the rules hereafter to be 
established for the government of said school or department ; 
and to see that my true intentions in regard to this founda- 
tion be faithfully executed. 

" And in order that said Board of Visitors may not be lim- 
ited in their powers by the foregoing recital, I further confer 
upon the said Board of Visitors all the visitatorial powers and 
privileges, which, by the law of the land, belong and are in- 
trusted to any Visitor of any eleemosynary corporation 

" As I have perfect confidence in the integrity and ability of 
my two esteemed friends, John J. Dixwell and Francis B. 
Hayes, both of Boston, aforesaid, and as I know their capac- 
ity to perform what I desire they should do under this pro- 
viso of my will, I constitute and appoint them to be the first 
Board of Visitors." 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 369 

The committee appointed to draw up tlie plan for the or- 
ganization of the school consisted of Rev. Dr. Nathan Lord, 
Hon. Joel Parker, and Edmund Parker, Esq. 

No special meeting of the Trustees was called, as had been 
contemplated, and the committee made their report at the 
regular meeting, July 26, 1852, and on the next day the fol- 
lowing statutes were adopted : 

" Abticle I. In accordance with the will of the late Abiel 
Chandler, Esq., " the Trustees of Dartmouth College by this 
and the following statutes, constitute and organize a school of 
instruction in connection with the college and as a department 
thereof, and the said school is denominated ' The Chandler 
School of Science and the Arts.' 

" Article II. The school shall consist of two departments, 
Junior and Senior. These departments shall be conducted 
respectively by such officers and according to such rules and 
regulations as the Trustees shall from time to time appoint 
and ordain, with the advice and approval of the Board of 
Visitors, and in subjection always to the will of the Founder. 

" Article III. In the Junior department of the school, in- 
struction shall be given in the English language, in Arith- 
metic and Algebra, in Book-keeping, Physical Geography, 
Linear Drawing, Geometry, Physiology, Botany, Graphics 
and use of Instruments, and in such other elementary studies 
as may be necessary to qualify students for the Senior de- 
partment. 

"Article IV. The Senior department shall comprise the 
branches of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, the Invention 
and Manufacture of Machinery, Carpentery, Masonry, Archi- 
tecture and Drawing ; the Investigation of the Properties and 
Uses of the Materials employed in the Arts, the Modern Lan- 
guages and English Literature, together with Book-keeping 
and such other branches of knowledge as may best qualify 
young persons for the duties and employments of active life, 
according to the will and injunction of the Founder. 

" Article VIL The term of study in the Junior depart- 
ment shall be one year, and in the Senior department two 
years. 

" Article VIII. All students who shall have been admit- 

24 



370 DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 

ted to the Senior department and sustained a satisfactory ex- 
amination at the end of the course before a committee of 
gentlemen from abroad appointed by the Faculty, shall be 
entitled to the degree of Bachelor of Science." 

Hon. John Kelley and Samuel Fletcher, Esq., having been 
appointed a committee to consider the question of opening the 
school, made the following report : 

" The Chandler Fund appears to be safely invested and 
productive. It is therefore recommended, the school shall be 
opened for instruction at the commencement of the next Col- 
lege Term, and more fully organized as soon as a sufficient 
number of students shall offer themselves for admission. But 
as an experiment is to be made, it is not expedient to appoint 
professors and other teachers, until experience shall prove 
what teachers shall be required. In the mean time it is rec- 
ommended that examination of students presenting them- 
selves for admission to the school be made by some member, 
or members of the Faculty, by the direction of the President, 
and that the Faculty be a committee to make suitable pro- 
vision for rooms and instruction until further orders of this 
Board." 

The following resolution was then passed : 

" Resolved^ That the Chandler School be opened at the 
commencement of the next College Term." 

We give the following extracts from the By-laws which 
were drawn up by Hon. Joel Parker, and Rev. Silas Aiken, 
D. D., of Rutland, Vt. : 

" Vacations. — In the Senior department the terms and 
vacations shall be coincident with the terms and vacations in 
the academical department of the college. In the Junior 
department there shall be four vacations, one of four weeks, 
from Commencement, one of two weeks in the winter, and 
one in the spring and autumn of one week each. 

" Tuition. — Every student in the Senior department shall 
be charged ten dollars each term, or thirty dollars for the 
year, including all necessary incidentals. In the Junior de- 
partment the tuition shall be twenty dollars for the year, or 
five dollars for each term. The bill of every term shall be 
paid in advance, and no student shall be permitted to go 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 371 

on with liis class without an exact compliance with this 
statute. 

" Government. — In other respects the government of the 
Chandler School shall be administered according to the By- 
laws of the college, as now established, so far as those laws 
may be applicable ; and until the wants of the School may be 
more definitely ascertained, the regulation thereof in things 
not otherwise provided for is submitted to the discretion of 
the College Faculty." 

In the autumn of 1852, the school was organized, and 
seventeen students admitted, two to the Senior and fifteen to 
the Junior class. James W. Patterson, who was a student in 
the theological school at New JIaven, was elected tutor, and 
the new institution placed in his charge. In July, 1854, Mr. 
Patterson was elected Chandler Professor of Mathematics, 
and during the college years 1852-53, and 1853-54, in addition 
to the general management, gave nearly all the instruction in 
the Chandler School, at the same time discharged the duties 
of a tutor of Latin in the college proper. In 1854, the first 
class, consisting of four members, was graduated. 

On the death of Professor Stephen Chase, in 1851, John S. 
Woodman had succeeded to the chair of Mathematics. In 
1855, Professor Woodman resigned, to enter on the practice 
of law in Boston, and Mr. Patterson was elected in his place. 
During the next year he continued at the head of the Chand- 
ler School, and gave the instruction in Mathematics, and 
allied branches, in addition to his duties as professor of Math- 
ematics in the Academic Department. 

In 1856, Professor Woodman was appointed professor of 
Civil Engineering, and succeeded Professor Patterson in the 
care of the Chandler School, in which from its opening he 
had given some instruction. This position he held until 1870, 
when he was forced to resign on account of failing health, and 
was succeeded by Professor Edward R. Ruggles, who had oc- 
cupied the chair of Modern Languages and English Literature 
since 1866. At the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees 
in 1857, it was voted that, " The regular course of study in 
the Chandler School of Science and the Arts, from the pres- 
ent time, shall comprise a term of four years." 



372 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

In 1862 the name Chandler School of Science and the Arts 
was changed to Chandler Scientij&c Department of Dartmouth 
College. 

The character and usefulness of the Scientific Department, 
from its foundation to the present time, may best be learned 
by studying the career of its graduates in successive classes. 
It will be observed, that the first class of this school grad- 
uated less than twenty-five years since, and yet in that brief 
period, its sons have made for it an honorable record ; a rec- 
ord which should bring to it patronage and impart to its 
students a spirit of scholarly pride and emulation. It might 
not be deemed proper to go into a detailed account of the 
labors and successes of individuals among its living graduates, 
but it is only fair to this comparatively youthful department 
of the college, to say that as lawyers, teachers, scientists, en- 
gineers, architects, and in other spheres of practical science, 
its sons have made for themselves a wide and enviable reputa- 
tion. The age demands that its institutions of learning shall 
impart a scholarship that will bring the forces of nature under 
the control of man, and render the student more efficient in 
all the industries and business enterprises of the time. 

Experience has shown that the Scientific Department of 
Dartmouth is organized to meet this demand, and is in full 
and intelligent sympathy with the wants of modern society. 
From the first its teachers have been able and untiring in 
their devotion to its permanent prosperity and welfare, and 
its success has justified their efforts and zeal. 

AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT. 

The New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Me- 
chanic Arts was established by an act of the State Legislature 
in 1866. We give the act as recorded in the Revised Statutes : 

" Section 1. A college is established and made a body pol- 
itic and corporate, by the name of the New Hampshire Col- 
lege of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, whose leading 
object is, without excluding other scientific and classical stud- 
ies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches of 
learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 373 

in conformity to an act of Congress entitled ' An act donat- 
ing land to the several States and Territories, Tvhich may 
provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the me- 
chanic arts, approved July 2, 1862 ; ' and by that name may 
sue and be sued, prosecute and defend to final judgment and 
execution, and is vested with all the powers and privileges, 
and subject to all the liabilities, incident to corporations of a 
similar nature. 

" Sect. 2. The general government of the college is vested 
in nine Trustees, five of whom shall be appointed, one from 
each councillor district, and commissioned by the Governor, 
with advice of the council, and four-by the Trustees of Dart- 
mouth College, so classified and commissioned that the ofiices 
of three shall become vacant annually ; any vacancy occurring 
shall be filled by the authority which made the original ap- 
pointment. 

" Sect. 3. The Trustees shall appoint a secretary, who shall 
be sworn, and keep a fair and full record of their proceedings ; 
and a treasurer, who shall give bond for the faithful discharge 
of his duties, in such sum as the Trustees may require, and 
shall receive such compensation for his services as they may 
deem reasonable. They shall also appoint a Faculty of instruc- 
tion, prescribe their duties, and invest them with such powers 
for the immediate government and management of the insti- 
tution as they may deem most conducive to its best interests. 

" Sect. 4. No Trustee shall receive any compensation for 
his services; but expenses reasonably incurred by him shall 
be paid by the college. 

" Sect. 5. The Trustees shall, on or before the twentieth 
day of May, annually, make report to the legislature of the 
financial condition, operations, and progress of the college, 
recording such improvements and experiments made, with 
their cost and results, including State, industrial, and eco- 
nomical statistics, as may be supposed useful; one copy of 
which shall be transmitted to each college endowed under the 
provisions of the aforesaid act of Congress, and one copy to 
the Secretary of the Interior. 

" Sect. 6. The Trustees are authorized and empowered to 
locate and establish the college at Hanover, in connection with 



374 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

Dartmouth College, and, with that Corporation, to make all 
necessary contracts relative to the terms of connection, subject 
to be terminated upon a notice of one year, given at any time 
after fourteen years, and in relation to its furnishing to the 
college the free use of an experimental farm, all requisite 
buildings, the libraries, laboratories, apparatus, and museums 
of said Dartmouth College, and for supplying such instruction, 
in addition to that furnished by its professors and teachers, as 
the best interests of its students may require ; and also as to 
any legacy said Dartmouth College may receive from the 
estate of David Culver. Said Trustees are also directed to 
furnish, so far as may be practicable, free tuition to indigent 
students, and to make provision for the delivery of free lec- 
tures in different parts of the State upon subjects pertaining 
to agriculture and the mechanic arts. 

" Sect. 7. All funds derived from the sale of land scrip 
issued to the State by the United States, in pursuance of the 
act of Congress aforesaid, shall be invested in registered bonds 
of the State or of the United States, which shall be delivered 
to the State treasurer, who shall have the custody of the same, 
and pay over the income thereof, as it may accrue, to the 
treasurer of the college." 

The great work of securing the requisite funds, and laying 
foundations for this by no means unimportant Department, 
was committed to the late Professor Ezekiel W. Deniond. 
His early experience in affairs gave him peculiar fitness for 
this service. Whether occupied in interviewing legislators 
and capitalists, or in the planning and erection of edifices, he 
labored in season and out of season for the accomplishment of 
his task, and with large success. When the Department went 
into operation he was one of its principal teachers, and in this 
sphere he left upon his pupils the impress of a well-read chem- 
ist and a devotee to his profession. To his efforts, probably 
more than to those of any other single individual, is New 
Hampshire indebted for whatever of success has been attained 
in this department. ' Indeed, should the Agricultural College 
leave its stamp upon the "steep and sterile hillsides," or the 
more prolific valleys of the Granite State, as it is devoutly 
to be hoped that in process of time it may, no name probably 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 375 

will be so familiarly associated with the history of its early 
struggles for existence as that of DoiOND. 

Nor were Professor Dimond's services to science limited 
to this department of the College. 

In the Academical and Scientific departments his name 
appears in the list of zealous, painstaking teachers. 

Professor Dimond's death in 1876, while yet apparently 
upon the threshold of a work to which he gave Ms life, was 
a public loss. 

Of Professor Thomas R. Ceosby, Professor Quimby says : 

" Entering college in 1839, in the Sophomore class, he be- 
stowed faithful labor on the whole course, while at the same 
time he did not forget his favorite studies of Medicine and 
Natural History. Pursuing these in his leisure hours, he 
was fitted to take the degrees of A. B. and M. D. at the same 
time, in 1841. With this preparation he entered at once 
upon the practice of medicine as his life-work, first at Camp- 
ton, afterward at Hartford, Yt., Meriden, and Manchester. 
He was one of the active men in originating the Hillsborough 
Agricultural Society. He had a hand in organizing the State 
Society, and in preparing the first volume of the Society's 
Transactions. Nearly at the same time the above society was 
originated, the publication of the " Granite Farmer " was 
commenced, and Dr. Crosby was employed to edit it, in which 
position he did well. He was for a time city physician of 
Manchester, and came near being elected its mayor. His 
health having failed in some measure, he removed to Norwich, 
Vt., the home of his wife's family. For ten years he lived 
in Norwich and Hanover, engaged in such teaching and prac- 
tice and study as his health would permit. When our coun- 
try called for aid in the war of the rebellion he believed 
it his duty to consecrate his knowledge of Medicine and skill 
in Surgery to her, and to the noble men who exposed them- 
selves to sickness and wounds in her cause. Upon entering 
the service he was immediately put in charge of the Colum- 
bian College Hospital, in Washington. He assumed the re- 
sponsibilities of the position with the determination that the 
men who came under his charge ' should have their rights,' 
and faithfully did he carry into execution his purpose. He 



376 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

remained in charge of this Hospital until after the close of the 
war and the sick and wounded were able to be transferred to 
their homes. The next year he was appointed professor of 
General and Military Surgery and Hygiene in the National 
Medical College, it being the Medical Department of Colum- 
bian College, which position he filled until 1870. On the 
opening of the State Agricultural College here, an institution 
in which he was particularly interested, he was appointed 
professor of Animal and Vegetable Physiology, in which, and 
in Natural History in the Academic Department, he taught 
almost literally till the day of his decease. When unable 
to meet his classes in their recitation-room he received them 
in his own study, and there heard their recitations, the last 
less than forty-eight hours before his death. Thus he fell 
' with the harness on.' " 

THAYER SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING. 

Of this department Professor Fletcher says : 
" Between the years 1867 and 1871, General Sylvanus 
Thayer, of Braintree, Massachusetts, by donations amounting 
in the aggregate to seventy thousand dollars, made provision 
for establishing in connection with the college a special course 
of instruction in Civil Engineering. ' The venerable donor, 
himself a distinguished officer of the U. S. Corps of Engineers, 
was moved to this munificence, not only by a regard for his 
Alma Mater, but also by a desire to provide for young men 
possessing requisite ability a thorough and exclusively pro- 
fessional training.' 

" The school was organized during the winter and spring 
of 1871, by Professor Robert Fletcher, under the immediate 
direction of General Thayer. The general character and aim 
of the course are indicated by the following quotation from 
the Instrument of Gift : ' The requisites for admission to the 
school shall be of a high order, embracing such studies, at 
least, as are specified in a paper to be hereto appended, called 
' Programme A,' bearing my signature, which programme 
shall be regarded as an absolute minimum, and which may, 
in the discretion of the Board of Overseers, created by the 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 377 

5tli article of this Instrument, be extended, but not dimin- 
ished or contracted in the least degree.' 

" ' 2. The course of study shall extend through at least two 
years, and the duration of the course may be further extended 
so as to include another half year, should three or more 
members of the Board of Overseers judge, after a fair trial 
of the two years' course, such, further extension to be ex- 
pedient. The studies and instruction of each year shall 
extend continuously from September first to July first fol- 
lowing.' " 

" Instruction was begun to a regular class of the engineer- 
ing course, September, 1871. During the preceding months 
of the year preparatory instruction had been given. From 
1871 to 1873, a preparatory course of two years was contem- 
plated, and during the year 1872-3 was maintained in con- 
nection with the higher course. Meanwhile the detailed 
statement of requisites for admission, styled ' Programme A,' 
was prepared by Professor Fletcher, under supervision of 
General Thayer, and with the aid of several professors emi- 
nent in the various subjects which it includes. These require- 
ments embrace all the branches of a common school education, 
a full course of pure Mathematics and a thorough course in 
Physics, including theoretical Chemistry and Astronomy. The 
high standard thus established justified the following an- 
nouncement in the College ' Catalogue.' 'The department is 
to be essentially, though not formally, post-graduate. The 
course of study is to be of the highest order, passing beyond 
what is possible in institutions for general culture, and is de- 
signed to prepare the capable and faithful student for respon- 
sible positions and difficult service.' It was intended that the 
Preparatory Department should provide instruction in the 
subjects embraced in ' Programme A.' S^ j^^- ^^^>^ t '^^^ 

" The decease of General Thayer inX)Gtober, 1872, deprived 
the School of his personal supervision. The general direction 
of its afi'airs then devolved on the Board of Overseers consti- 
tuted by his Instrument of Gift and appointed by himself. 
At that time the Board consisted of Rev. A. D. Smith, D. D., 
LL. D., president of Dartmouth College, Prof. O. P. Hub- 



378 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

bard of New Haven, formerly at Dartmouth College, Prof. 
George L. Andrews, of the U. S. Military Academy, Gen. 
John C. Palfrey, C. E., of Lowell, Massachusetts, and Prof. 
P. S. Michie, of the U. S. MiUtary Academy. The last 
three gentlemen had been officers in the U. S. Corps of Engi- 
neers. 

" At its first meeting in May, 1878, the Board decided that 
it would not be expedient for some time to come to maintain 
such an auxiliary as a Preparatory Department. It was found 
that the limited means provided by the founder would allow 
the attainment of his high ideal only by working within com- 
paratively narrow limits. Without attempting to cover too 
broad a field, a high standard and thorough work were to be 
essential features of the course. 

" The Board of Overseers holds a meeting at Dartmouth 
College annually, when it examines carefully into the work- 
ing of the school, its financial condition, etc., and adopts any 
measures promising to effect improvement and secure greater 
efficiency, according to the powers conferred upon it by the 
Instrument of Gift. The Board also examines the students 
and recommends such members of the first class as it finds to 
be qualified, to the Trustees of Dartmouth College for the 
degree of Civil Engineer. 

" The first class which completed the two years' course 
graduated in 1873. The class of 1877 was the fifth sent out 
by the school. At that time the whole number of graduates 
was thirteen. There had been, besides, two who left for pro- 
fessional engagements after the first year of study. The 
graduates have nearly all obtained honorable positions in the 
line of the profession soon after graduation, with fair pros- 
pects for distinction. 

" The nature of the course is such that a large corps of in- 
structors is not required. Careful training and drill in essen- 
tial and fundamental branches is the aim. Considerable time 
is devoted to out-door practice but without attempt to make 
experts in any direction. Accordingly, temporary employment 
in a professional line is allowed at proper times, such as will 
conduce to the student's improvement and be more or less re- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 379 

manerative. Thus it is expected that the student will be fitted 
to advance rapidly and successfully in any ' specialty ' to 
which he may subsequently devote his efforts. 

" The school is now hardly in full operation, as some 
features about the course are still experimental. It has its 
history yet to make." 



380 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



CHAPTER XXIX. 

BENEFACTORS. — TRUSTEES. 

From various . authentic sources we have the following 
sketches of Dartmouth's leading benefactors, always except- 
ing the last Royal Governor of New Hampshire, John Went- 
worth, whose care for all the interests of the Province is a 
matter of enduring record. Of the distinguished person in 
honor of whom the College was named, the following account, 
published in 1779, is from " Collins' Peerage " : 

" William, the present and Second Earl of Dartmouth^ for 
his more polite education, traveled through France, Italy, and 
Germany ; and, on his return to England, took the oaths, and 
his seat in the House of Peers, on May 31, 1754. His Lord- 
ship was sworn of His Majesty's Privy Council on July 26, 
1765 ; in August following he was appointed first Commis- 
sioner of Trade and Plantations, which he resigned in 1766 ; 
in August, 1772, he was appointed Secretary of State for the 
Colonies ; and on November 10, 1775, Keeper of the Privy 
Seal. 

" His Lordship married, on January 11, 1755, Frances Cath- 
arine, only daughter and heir of Sir Charles Gunter Nicholl, 
Knight of the Bath ; and by her had issue eight sons and one 
daughter. 

*' His Lordship is also President of the London Dispensary; 
Vice-President of the Foundling and Lock Hospitals ; Re- 
corder of Litchfield ; LL. D., and F. R. S." 

The armorial inscription is : 

*' GAUDET TENTAMINE VIRTUS." 

Forbes' Life of Dr. Beattie gives the following interesting 
paragraph : 

*' His Majesty (George III.) asked what I thought of my 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 381 

new acquaintance, Lord Dartmouth. I said, there was some- 
thing in his air and manner which seemed to me not only- 
agreeable, but very enchanting, and that he seemed to me to 
be one of the best of men ; a sentiment in which both their 
majesties heartily joined. ' They say that Lord Dartmouth 
is an enthusiast,' said the king, ' but surely he says nothing 
on the subject of religion but what every one may and ought 
to say on the subject of religion.' " 

Of John Thornton, the devout Episcopalian, the kinsman 
of Wilberforce, and the most munificent of Dartmouth's 
early benefactors, almost the sole supporter of the founder for 
several years. Rev. Thomas Scott, in a memorial " Discourse " 



" It is worthy of observation, that this friend of mankind, 
in the exercise of his beneficence, not only contributed his 
money (which often is done to very little purpose) but he 
devoted his time and thoughts very much to the same object ; 
doing good was the great business of his life, and may more 
properly be said to have been his occupation, than even his 
mercantile engagements, which were uniformly considered as 
subservient to that nobler design. 

" To form and execute plans of usefulness ; to superintend, 
arrange, and improve upon those plans ; to lay aside such as 
did not answer, and to substitute others ; to form acquaint- 
ance, and collect intelligence for this purpose ; to select 
proper agents, and to carry on correspondence, in order to 
ascertain that his bounties were well applied : These and 
similar concerns were the hourly occupations of his life, and 
the ends of living, which he proposed to himself ; nor did he 
think that any part of his time was spent either happily or 
innocently, if it were not some way instrumental, directly or 
indirectly, to the furtherance of useful designs." 

" Abiel Chandler was a native of Concord, N. H. In 
his childhood his parents removed to Fryeburg, Maine, where 
he labored on a farm till he was twenty-one years of age. 
He was graduated at Harvard College in 1806, and spent the 
next eleven years in teaching at Salem and Newburyport, 
Mass. To the good reputation which he had previously 
gained as a student, he added that of an excellent preceptor. 



382 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

A little later he commenced a mercantile life at Boston. He 
was of the house of Chandler and Howard, and afterwards 
Chandler, Howard, and Company, for more than a quarter of 
a century, when he retired with a fortune. To numerous 
relatives he made liberal bequests, with great delicacy and 
judgment. After his legacy to the college, the residue of his 
property was bequeathed to the New Hampshire Asylum for 
the Insane. 

" The origin of Mr. Chandler's endowment of the Scientific 
School is referable to an incident that occurred to him when 
a young man at Fr.yeburg. He fell in company with some 
students of Dartmouth College, and he was impressed by 
their superiority to himself. He conceived the purpose of 
being himself a scholar, and he fulfilled it. When, after a 
few years of honorable industry as a teacher he became a 
merchant, he saw himself, though now a scholar, ignorant, to 
a great extent, of the principles and methods of mercantile 
life. Whereupon he set himself to a new variety of learning. 
He gained it, and with it gained a fortune. But he saw other 
men around him, in different spheres, suffering as he had 
done from a similar want of knowledge, — merchants, traders, 
ship-masters, artisans, farmers, laborers. 

" The Chandler School is the ripened fruit of a well-consid- 
ered purpose to benefit mankind. He had confidence in the 
importance of his object, the integrity of his aims, and the 
wisdom of his advisers. He bestowed his charity with a 
hearty good- will, and left the event with God." 

" John Conant was born in Stowe, Mass., in 1790. His 
family descended from the French Huguenots who were 
driven into England by Louis XIV. His father was an in- 
dustrious and successful farmer. In the district school he 
was taught the merest rudiments of an English education. 
In after years, by the aid and sympathy of an intelligent and 
well-educated wife, he fitted himself to write for the public 
journals, to lecture on temperance and agriculture, and to 
perform with credit and honor the duties of important official 
stations, in town and State. His leisure hours were devoted 
to study. He collected a small private library of choice books 
in history, biography, and science, and made them the com- 
panions of rainy days and winter evenings. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 383 

" At the age of twenty-six, he purchased a farm in Jaffrey, 
under the shadow of 'the great Monadnock,' on which he 
labored for thirty-five years, and gathered ' a plentiful estate.' 
This was accumulated by means of those home-bred virtues, 
industry, prudence, and economy ; for he never, in a single 
instance, increased his wealth by speculation. 

" When the New Hampshire Insane Asylum was occupying 
the public attention, he contributed liberally to its endow- 
ment, and was at one time president of its Board of Trustees, 
being sole superintendent of the first buildings that were 
reared. 

" Turning his thoughts toward the rising academy at New 
London, Mr. Conant proposed to add to its literary and 
scientific departments an agricultural school. He ascertained, 
however, that his whole estate would be inadequate to the 
work, and, after making generous donations to the academy, 
he turned his attention to the Agricultural College at Han- 
over. 

" In his endowment of this institution, along with other 
things, he has provided a model farm for the college, and 
founded a scholarship for each town in Cheshire County, 
twenty-two in all, with an additional one for Jaffrey. 

" Mr. Conant was through life a liberal contributor to pub- 
lic enterprises, and a supporter of the gospel, and for twenty 
years was an active member of the Baptist Church." 

Boynton's History of West Point gives the following valu- 
able paragraphs relating to Sylvanus Thayer, by whose 
munificence to the cause of education he has laid his Alma 
Mater and his native town under lasting obligations : 

" Brevet-major Sylvanus Thayer, of the Corps of Engineers, 
on July 28, 1817, assumed command as superintendent of the 
West Point Military Academy, and from this period the com- 
mencement of whatever success as an educational institution, 
and whatever reputation the Academy may possess, at home 
or abroad, for its strict, impartial, salutary, elevating, and dis- 
ciplinary government, must be dated. Major Thayer was an 
early graduate of the academy. He had served with dis- 
tinction in the War of 1812, and had studied the military 
schools of France, and profited by the opportunity to acquire 



384 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

more complete and just views concerning the management of 
such an institution than were generally entertained by educa- 
tional and military men of that day. The field before him 
was uncultivated ; the period was one when rare qualifications 
for position were not considered valueless ; and, blessed with 
health, devotion to the cause, and firmness of purpose, he was 
permitted to organize a system, and remain sixteen years to 
perfect its operation. 

" Immediately after entering upon his duties, the Cadets 
were organized into a battalion of two companies, with a 
colonel of Cadets, an adjutant, and a sergeant-major, for its 
staff ; and within the year he created a ' Commandant of 
Cadets,* to be an instructor of tactics. 

" The division of classes into sections, the weekly rendering 
of class reports, showing the daily progress, the system and 
scale of daily marks, the establishment of relative class rank 
among the members, the publication of the Annual Register, 
the introduction of the Board of Visitors, the check-book sys- 
tem, the preponderating influence of the 'blackboard,' and 
the essential parts of the Regulations for the Military Acad- 
emy, as they stand to this day, are some of the evidences of 
the indefatigable efforts of Major Thayer to insure method, 
order, and prosperity to the institution. When relieved, at 
his own request, the upward impetus given to the institution 
had attracted general observation." 

General Thayer evidently believed that " peace hath her 
victories " as well as war, and nobly acted in accordance with 
his intelligent, earnest convictions. 

" Joel Parker was born at Jaffrey, N. H. After study- 
ing in the academy at Groton, where the late President James 
Walker was one of his schoolmates, he entered the Sophomore 
class at Dartmouth College in February, 1809, at the early 
age of thirteen, and graduated in 1811, not yet seventeen years 
of age. After his graduation he studied law at Keene, and 
with his brother Edmund at Amherst, and entered the bar of 
Cheshire County, at the October term in 1817, at the former 
place, where he at once engaged in practice. 

In the year 1821, contemplating a change of residence, he 
visited the West, and was admitted to practice in the Circuit 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 385 

Court of the United States at Columbus, Ohio, in January, 
1822 ; but, fortunately for his native State, returned in the 
latter year, and devoted himself assiduously to his chosen 
pursuit. 

Free from domestic cares, affianced only to his profession, 
he early gained an honorable position by the steady exercise 
of natural abilities well adapted to its pursuit. He was in- 
dustrious, thorough, minute, painstaking, cautious, persistent, 
and untiring. " Judge Parker's mode of practice in the trial 
of cases," writes an early professional associate, who still 
enjoys a ripe and honored age, " to take down the testimony in 
full of the witnesses in writing, and to cross-examine them at 
great length as to all the circumstances they might know rel- 
ative to the case, contributed greatly to change the previous 
practice of the witness' first telling his story of what he 
knew, followed by a brief cross-examination, with only a few 
notes, made by the counsel, of the leading points of the testi- 
mony." 

Of Judge Parker's judicial life in New Hampshire, Charles 
Sumner, in 1844, wrote : " It will not be unjust to his asso- 
ciates to distinguish Mr. Chief Justice Parker as entitled 
to peculiar honor for his services on the bench. He may be 
justly regarded as one of the ablest judges of the country." 

The event which brought Judge Parker more conspicuously 
before the public, and undoubtedly contributed justly and 
largely to give him a wide and established reputation for 
vigor, independence, learning, and capacity, was his contro- 
versy with Mr. Justice Story of the Supreme Court of the 
United States in regard to the proper construction of a clause 
— it might even be said the meaning of a word [lien] — in 
the Bankrupt Law of 1841 ; a controversy which became po- 
litical in other hands, and threatened to reach the magnitude 
of a conflict between the United States and New Hampshire. 

After the experiences of this generation, such a collision 
seems trifling ; but it involved subjects of grave importance, 
and was a contest between no insignificant combatants, — not 
without interest at this day to a student of common or con- 
stitutional law. 

25 



386 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

It began in 1842, when Story and Parker were each in the 
full vigor of judicial life, and enthusiastic crowds of young 
men were learning the science of the law from Story's lips. 
It ended seven years after, when Story had passed away, and 
Parker was lecturing where Story taught, to young men who 
now revere the memory of both. He had laid aside the honor 
and labors of the office which required him to engage in the 
struggle ; and, in the first year of his service as a professor 
in the school to whose success and reputation Story had 
so largely contributed, the court which Story had adorned 
declared the survivor victorious. Like Entellus, he might 
say,— 

" Hie victor cestus artemque repono." 

The eminent service rendered to the country and the age, 
by Judge Parker, while Royall professor of Law at Cam- 
bridge, forms a material part of our national history. 

RiCHAKD Fletcher was a native of Cavendish, Vt. 
Having graduated at Dartmouth, in 1806, he studied law 
with Daniel Webster, and commenced practice in Salisbury, 
N. H. In 1819 he removed to Boston, where he shortly took 
rank with the very first of legal advocates. 

His biographer says : " While in practice before the courts 
his presence ever commanded the utmost respect. Of good 
form, of handsome and expressive features, and of most gentle- 
manly and pleasing address, with his great learning and un- 
tiring industry, it is not strange that he should have succeeded 
at the bar and on the bench. 

" He was an orator of great power, — fluent and elegant in 
diction, bright and sparkling in thought, keen and quick in 
repartee. 

" His care not to be engaged in unworthy causes was a 
matter of note. 

" In political life he found little that suited his tastes, 
although at different times a membcF of both the State and 
National Legislatures. 

" Mr. Fletcher was a sincere Christian. His religion was 
not so much of the aggressive kind, nor did he often urge his 
views upon others ; but it pervaded his entire character, and 
shone out in all his actions. In his will he made a provision 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 387 

for publishing biennially, a prize essay adapted to impress 
' on the minds of all Christians a solemn sense of their duty 
to exhibit in their godly lives and conversation the beneficent 
effects of the religion they profess, and thus increase the effi- 
ciency of Christianity in Christian countries, and recommend 
its acceptance to the heathen portions of the world.' " 

Few of Dartmouth's alumni have manifested a more affec- 
tionate, steadfast devotion to their Alma Mater, than Mr. 
Fletcher. 

Tappan Went worth was the son of Isaac Went worth, of 
Dover, N. H., and was born there February 24, 1802, and 
died in Lowell, June 12, 1875. His father was a poor man, 
a boatman running a freight-boat between Dover and Ports- 
mouth. 

He was sent first to common schools till he reached the 
classical school where he studied Latin in a class with the late 
John K. Young, D. D., Dr. George W. Kittredge, and Hon. 
John H. White, but was taken from school after having read 
two books of Virgil. Judge White says : " Tappan was a good 
scholar, energetic and relf-reliant. I was in the Latin class 
with him, and was told by the father that he was too poor to 
keep him in school." He then spent about three years in 
Portsmouth, in a North End grocery store. 

From Portsmouth he went to South Berwick, Me., into the 
stores of the late Benjamin Nason and Alphonso Gerrish, suc- 
cessively, as clerk. He there attracted the attention of Hon. 
William Burleigh, a then member of Congress from York 
district, by a spirited article he had written in favor of Mr. 
Burleigh's reelection. Mr. Burleigh now offered to take him 
as a law student, and the young clerk entered upon the study 
of law, and was admitted to the bar in York County in 1826. 
After seven years' successful practice in his profession in South 
Berwick and Great Falls, he came to Lowell, bringing some 
seven thousand dollars with him. 

He now seemed to form his life plan of work, professionally 
and financially, — diligence in his profession and all possible 
investments in real estate. At his death his $7,000 had 
swollen into nearly 8300,000, during his forty-five years of 
Lowell life. 



388 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

During these years he became a leading member of his 
profession, was often in offices of trust in city affairs, at dif- 
ferent times in both houses of the Legislature, and a member 
of Congress from 1853 to 1855. 

After assigning "pride of ancestry and name " as one reason 
for Mr. Wentworth's munificence to Dartmouth, Judge Crosby 
says: 

'' Another reason for the gift to the college is found in his 
appreciation of the value, the power, and the beauty of educa- 
tion. He had had hard experience in relation to it. He had 
hungered for it when he could not get it. He had obtained it 
in limited departments, by hard work, at great odds and under 
great embarrassments, when other claims must be postponed 
in its behalf. And as he looked over our college studies he 
found many branches he had never pursued and could not ap- 
proach." 

" The fund is not given for scholarships, professorships, 
libraries, or buildings. It is given for the support of the in- 
stitution, to make instruction independent, learned and cheap ; 
given to invite the youth to come here, and to give them the 
best opportunities of cultivation at lessened expense, to lay 
foundations of learning and mental enlargement for any de- 
partment in life. It will maintain ten learned professors or 
twenty tutors, or give 20,000 volumes of books annually, as 
the honorable Trustees shall think the demands of the college 
require. 

" It may enlarge, repair, or ornament these grounds ; it may 
be turned into laboratories, museums of natural history, or 
art; it may raise the curriculum to higher studies and ex- 
tended courses. It is not restrained by his personal judgment 
and direction in the future, but left to the better judgment of 
living mind." 

Should Dartmouth ever lose her maiden name, she would 
not hesitate in regard to the new one. 

William Reed was born at Marblehead, Mass. Com- 
pelled to abandon the hope of a public education, he after- 
wards engaged in mercantile pursuits, which he followed with 
great energy and activity and with a good degree of success. 

Having by his untiring energy and perseverance, and by 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 389 

his strict habits of economy come into possession of a con- 
siderable amount of property, he devoted the latter part of 
his life to philanthropic and benevolent purposes. 

As a citizen he was distinguished for activity, public spirit 
and true patriotism. The many marks of attention and re- 
spect which he received from his fellow-citizens evinced the 
high estimation in which he was held by the community. 

In 1811 he was elected to a seat in the Congress of the 
United States, a station which he filled for four years with 
honor to himself, with satisfaction to his constituents, and 
with advantage to his country. 

While the cause of Foreign Missions received the largest 
share of his Christian sympathies and the largest amount of 
his charitable donations, yet he was deeply interested in all 
the benevolent operations of the day. His sound judgment 
was sought in the management of various public institutions. 
In 1826 he was elected a member of the Board of Visitors of 
the Theological Seminary at Andover, and occupied that 
station until his death. He was for several years a Trustee 
of Dartmouth ; also of Amherst. 

De. George Cheyne Shattuck was born in Templeton, 
Mass., in the year 1783, in the sixth generation from 
William Shattuck, who was born in England in the year 
1621, and died in Watertown, Mass., in the year 1672, 
Dr. Benjamin Shattuck graduated at Harvard College in 
1765, and having studied medicine, settled in Templeton. 
His youngest son inherited thirteen hundred dollars, and 
this sufficed for his support, fitting for college, and col- 
lege and Medical education, commenced at Hanover and 
continued in Philadelphia and Boston, with such addition as 
he was able to make by school-keeping. There were no public 
conveyances when he went from Templeton to Hanover, and 
he bought a horse on which he rode to Hanover and then sold 
it, taking the pay in board. He received four degrees from 
his Alma Mater ; the first in the year 1803 and the last, of 
Doctor of Laws, in 1853. He settled in Boston in the year 
1807, and for the space of forty-seven years devoted himself to 
the practice of his profession. He secured the esteem, respect 
and affection of his patients, and gathered a handsome estate. 



390 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

He gave liberally to his Alma Mater for an Observatory, for 
books, and for portraits of distinguished alumni. He founded 
a professorship in the Medical Department of Harvard Uni- 
versity and endowed scholarships in the Academical Depart- 
ment. He gave liberally to various charities during his life- 
time, as well as to public institutions, and the poor and needy 
never appealed to him in vain. He died in Boston in the 
year 1854, in the profession of the faith in which he had been 
educated both at home and at college. 

George H. Bissell was born at Hanover, N. H. He is 
descended from a family of Norman-French origin, which 
came from Somersetshire, England. His mother came of 
Belgic and Holland descent. One of his ancestors was the 
first settler at Windsor, Ct., in 1628. The late Gov. Clark 
Bissell, of Connecticut, and Gov. William H. Bissell, of Illi- 
nois, were relatives. In 1846, after successful teaching else- 
where, on the organization of the High School in New Orleans 
Mr. Bissell was elected its first principal over many compet- 
itors. Subsequently he was chosen superintendent of the 
public schools in that city. His remarkable administrative 
abilities and high qualifications as a scholar were of great 
service in his onerous position. The schools reached a disci- 
pline and prosperity before unknown. He is also a member 
of the legal profession. 

In the development of petroleum Mr. Bissell was a leading 
pioneer ; perhaps he justly deserves the preeminence in this 
great work. Mr. Bissell is a self-made man. We quote a 
portion of his letter to President Smith, announcing his mu- 
nificent donation for a gymnasium : 

" In acceding to your wishes, my dear sir, I can but recall 
that day, now twenty years since, when, leaving Dartmouth, 
alone and unaided, I felt that ' Tentanda via est, qua me quoque 
possim tollere humo.' 

" It affords me unqualified pleasure now to be able to grat- 
ify a wish then cherished, to aid in some degree my Alma 
Mater, and in that manner which you assure me is the most 
effectual." 

" Gen. David Culver was born in Lyme, N. H. In the 
year 1832 he left the parental roof, and after a residence in 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 391 

Hartford, Conn., and New York City, for some years, where 
in both cities he was actively engaged in lucrative business 
pursuits, he returned to his beautiful ancestral home in Lyme, 
in 1855. The residue of his years he spent in pleasant agri- 
cultural life, on the old farm of his strongly-endeared child- 
hood, memory, and attachment. In the rural district of this 
home he was ever apparently content and happy, and, much 
to his praise, seemed greatly beloved by his neighbors. His 
townsmen many times by their united suffrage gave him im- 
portant offices of public trust and confidence. Of the Con- 
gregational Church of Christ, in Lyme, he was for many years 
a highly valued helping member, and for the gospel ministry 
was a liberal supporter, giving of his means in so quiet a man- 
ner that he appeared not to wish his good deeds blazoned to 
the world. 

" For the needy, suffering poor of his personal acquaintance, 
especially the helpless poor, he had a sympathizing heart, and 
so deeply pitied them, in many instances, as to greatly allevi- 
ate their sufferings by ministering pecuniarily to their relief. 

" To the cause of general education in the community, — 
elementary, common, agricultural, and collegiate, — he was 
always a warm-hearted, deeply-interested friend. In many 
instances, to aspiring youth in indigent circumstances, who 
were striving after the acquisition of the needful knowledge 
to prepare themselves and others for usefulness, he has been 
known to bestow pecuniary assistance to aid them on their 
way. 

'' And so agreeably bland was he in his mode of conferring 
his favors, as to greatly augment the value of them, and at 
the same time heighten the esteem of the recipients for the 
donor." Outside of her alumni Dartmouth had few warmer 
friends than General Culver. 

SA3IUEL Appleton was a native of New Ipswich, N. H. 

His enterprise and his liberality have given his name a con- 
spicuous place in New England history. We append a portion 
of one of his letters to President Lord, which shows his gener- 
ous appreciation of liberal culture. 

" It affords me much pleasure to have it in my power to do 
something for the only college in my native State which has 



392 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

done so much to establish a sound literary character in the 
country. Dartmouth has done her full proportion in educating 
for the pulpit, the bar, the healing art, and the senate, good 
and great men who have done honor to their names, to the 
college, and to the country." 

In closing this record, we can only allude to other leading 
benefactors, among whom are John D. Willard, who gave to 
Dartmouth some of the fruits of his busy, earnest life. Sal- 
mon P. Chase, loyal to his Alma Mater to the last. John 
Wentworth, who still lives to witness her work. Henry Bond, 
loving her scarcely less than his kindred, " according to the 
flesh." Frederick Hall, who gave his money, and what he 
valued more. John Phillips, whose name will live as long as 
Dartmouth, or Andover, or Exeter, shall exist. Israel Evans, 
the patriot divine, who cherished for Washington and Wheel- 
ock similar affection. Aaron Lawrence, the conscientious 
Christian merchant. Jeremiah Kingman, the busy agricul- 
turist, who cultivated his mind as well as his fields. Mrs. 
Betsey Whitehouse, the parishioner of Abraham Burnham, 
by whose labors her valuable Christian and general character 
was largely moulded, and E. W. Stoughton, who fully real- 
izes the close connection between a healthy body and a sound 
mind. 

The services of Dartmouth's Trustees should not be passed 
over in silence. 

We give a statement of the character of the Board half a 
century ago, when the College was in " middle life," from 
Mr. William H. Duncan. 

" Of the members of that Board, there was Elijah Paine, 
of Vermont, who had received his appointment as District 
Judge of the United States for the District of Vermont from 
Washington, a graduate from Harvard, * a Roman of the 
Romans,' one who would have done honor to Rome in her 
noblest and best days for the purity, integrity, and elevation 
of his character. Chaeles Maesh, who held for many years 
the unchallenged position of the leader of the bar in Vermont, 
a cousin of that giant in the law, Jeremiah Mason, whom he 
greatly resembled in many of his intellectual characteristics, 
— a high-toned gentleman, and a devout and reverend be- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 393 

liever in Christianity. MosES P. Payson, a graduate of the 
College, of the class of 1793, a lawyer of courteous and ele- 
gant demeanor, and of high social position. Judge Edmund 
Parker, a sound lawyer, a man of good sense, and excellent 
judgment, and above all a man of unspotted character, a 
brother of the distinguished ex-Chief Justice of the Supreme 
Court of New Hampshire. Israel W. Putnam, D. D., a 
graduate of the class of 1809, so long and so favorably known 
in New Hampshire as a clergyman. John H. Church, 
D. D., a graduate from Harvard, a man of apostolic solemnity 
and dignity of character, whose praise is in all the churches. 
John Wheeler, D. D., an accomplished scholar, afterwards 
President of the University of Vermont. Bennett Tyler, 
who was still a Trustee, although he had resigned his position 
as president, a man of commanding dignity of presence, an 
unrivaled logician, and one of the best pulpit orators it has 
ever been the good fortune of the writer to listen to. Judge 
Sajniuel Hubbard, of Boston, one of the best lawyers of 
New England, who for many years was the rival and the peer 
of the leaders of the Suffolk Bar. When on the bench of 
the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, he was numbered among 
her most eminent jurists, and was ranked with Fletcher and 
Shaw. He was a man of the finest sensibilities, and a devout 
and reverent Christian. Mills Olcott, of the class of 1790, 
who had been the Secretary and Treasurer of the College be- 
fore he was a Trustee, whose father had served before him 
for twenty years in the same capacity, a man of remarkable 
sagacity and enterprise in business affairs, of assured social 
position, and of great elegance and dignity of manner. 

" And of this body of men was Ezekiel Webster, the 
elder brother of Daniel, a man of remarkable intellectual en- 
dowments ; in sagacity and judgment, in the opinion of those 
who knew them both, fully equal to his distinguished brother, 
well read, as all the gentlemen of the old school were, in the 
old English authors ; a profound lawyer, and, at times when 
he could be prevailed upon to speak, as eloquent as his 
brother ; of commanding personal presence, which in no way 
can .be so well described as by borrowing a Homeric epithet, 
for he was truly a ' king ' among ' men.' 



394 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" Such was the body of men whose grave and majestic air 
used to impress the writer of this sketch, when the Com- 
mencements came round, in his college days, with the same 
feeling of awe and reverence with which the barbarians were 
inspired when the}^ first looked in upon the Roman Senate, 
supposing that they were looking upon an assembly of kings." 

If to these we add the names of the eminent men who were 
the colleagues of the founder, and of Nathaniel Niles, Jona- 
than Freeman, Thomas W. Thompson, Stephen Jacob, Tim- 
othy Farrar, Samuel Bell, Asa McFarland, Seth Payson, Sam- 
uel Prentiss, George Sullivan, John Aiken, William Reed, 
Samuel Delano, Samuel Fletcher, Nathaniel Bouton, Silas 
Aiken, Joel Parker, Richard Fletcher, and the honored Gov- 
ernors of the State, we are fully impressed with the fact that 
the interests of the college have been in the keeping of wise 
and prudent guardians. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 395 



CHAPTER XXX. 

LABORS OF DARTMOUTH ALUMNI. — CONCLUSION. 

As DartDiouth was founded as an evangelizing agency, and 
every stone was laid in firm reliance upon Him to whom all 
was consecrated, there was good ground of hope that it would 
be a strong and durable pillar in the great temple of Christian 
learning. Its record is a realization of the hopes of its noble 
and devoted founders. 

In his "Narrative" for 1771 (p. 29) Dr. Wheelock, allud> 
ing to the period immediately following his removal to Hano- 
ver, says : " there were evident impressions upon the minds of 
a number of my family and school which soon became univer- 
sal, insomuch that scarcely one remained who did not feel a 
greater or less degree of it, till the whole lump seemed to be 
leavened by it, and love, peace, joy, satisfaction and content- 
ment reigned through the whole. The 23d day of January 
(1771) was kept as a day of solemn fasting and prayer, on 
which I gathered a church in this college and school, which 
consisted of twenty-seven members." 

His biographer, writing early in the present century, says : 
" The college has been repeatedly favored with remarkable 
religious impressions on the minds of the students. These 
showers of divine grace have produced streams which have 
refreshed the garden of the Lord, and made glad the city of 
our God. The young men in this school of the prophets 
have, at these seasons, been powerfully and lastingly affected ; 
they have gone forth as ' angels of the churches ; ' the work 
of God has prospered in their hands ; many of their people 
have been turned to righteousness." 

Of President Tyler's administration it is said that the most 
remarkable thing was " a powerful revival of religion." All 



396 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

the later decades have been marked by manifestations of the 
Divine presence in the college. Scarcely a year has passed 
in which some of its members have not joyfully consecrated 
intellect and heart and life to the service of Him who gave 
them. 

Not a few have been " bright and shining lights " in 
the church. Of Jesse Appleton, Rev. Dr. Anderson says : 
" T have been placed in circumstances to see much of not a 
few great men in the Church of Christ, but I have been con- 
versant with only a few, a very few, whose attributes of 
power seemed to me quite equal to his. The clearness of his 
conceptions was almost angelic. If I am fitted to do any 
good in the world, I owe what intellectual adaptation I have 
very much to his admirable training, especially as he took us 
through his favorite Butler." 

Few American divines have had a wider or more varied 
sphere of influence than Dr. Appleton's classmate, Ebene- 
ZER Porter, a pioneer in sacred Rhetoric, one of the origina- 
tors of the American Tract Society, the most prominent of 
the founders of the American Education Society, which he 
adopted as his child and heir, the beloved and honored first 
president of the oldest Theological Seminary in the United 
States. 

Of Samuel Worcester, the distinguished opponent of 
Channing, we have the following valuable record : " When 
the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions 
was formed, his labors as the Corresponding Secretary, with 
the whole system now in operation for the conduct of mis- 
sions abroad, required the same processes of original evolu- 
tion and determination of principles and rules, as so signally 
characterized the formation of our Federal government. Here 
was displayed his peculiar, if we may not say his transcend- 
ent, power among his eminent associates. The great value 
of ' the Constitution of the Board, as a working instrument,' 
'the nicely adjusted relations of the voluntary and ecclesias- 
tical principles,' the * origination of what is peculiarly excel- 
lent in the Annual Reports, and also in the Instructions to 
Missionaries,' and the ' American idea ' of ' organizing the 
missions as self-governing communities,' are justly ascribed 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 397 

to him by the present senior Secretary, [Dr. Anderson] as 
conckisive witness of his extraordinary ' sagacity ' and of his 
being far ' in advance of the age.' " 

Philander Chase could found parish and diocese and 
seminary with equal facility, performing a work for the Epis- 
copal Church in America unrivaled by that of any contem- 
porary. 

Nor should we overlook such names as Asa Burton, teacher 
of -teachers in theology, who could successfully measure swords 
with Emmons ; Samuel Wood, whose impress never left the 
mind of Webster ; Daniel Story, a pioneer of Marietta ; Mase 
Shepard, Jonathan Strong, Walter Harris, Ethan Smith, 
Alvan Hyde, William Jackson, Rufus Anderson, the honored 
father of a not less honored son ; John Fiske, Abijah Wines, 
Eliphaleffc Gillett, whose home missionary zeal in Maine made 
a lasting impression upon the rising state ; Kiah Bailey, who 
first effectually moved the springs which gave to the same 
State the Bangor Theological Seminary ; John Smith, an earn- 
est and honored teacher in that Seminary ; Theophilus Pack- 
ard, whose pupils have performed honorable service for the 
Master in both hemispheres ; Peter P. Roots, Bezaleel Pinneo, 
Asa McFarland, Caleb Jewett Tenney, a leading founder of 
the East Windsor (now Hartford) Theological Seminary ; 
Thomas A. Merrill, Abraham Burnham, George T. Chapman, 
John Brown, Daniel Poor, the pioneer in Christian learning 
in Ceylon and Madura ; Austin Dickinson, to whom the world 
is under large obligations for a higher type of periodical 
literature; Levi Spaulding, the worthy coadjutor of Poor; 
Nathan W. Fiske, Daniel Temple, who carried the first mis- 
sionary printing-press to Western Asia, and made for classic 
lands a Christian literature ; William Goodell, the leading 
founder of two flourishing Christian missions on heathen, soil, 
and the translator of the whole Bible into the Armeno-Turkish 
language ; Ephraim W. Clark, John S. Emerson, and Austin 
H. Wright, of similar spirit ; Benjamin Woodbury, Aaron 
Foster, a leading founder of the American Home Missionary 
Society, and John K. Lord, whose early death in the Queen 
City of the West, was as the falling of " a standard-bearer." 

To these we might add many eminent living heralds of the 



398 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

cross, and a Hovey and a Townsend in leading Theological 
Seminaries. We cannot more fitly close on this head than by 
remarking that of the last forty-four subjects in the second 
volume of .Sprague's invaluable " Annals of the Pulpit," 
eleven were Dartmouth alumni, while all the others, save 
eight, numbered her alumni among their teachers. 

Dartmouth has an honorable record in the various depart- 
ments of Law and in statesmanship. Most naturally we dwell 
upon the name of Daniel Webster, towering in strength 
and grandeur, like the mountain beside which he was born, 
amid the surrounding granite, who left the impress of his 
genius upon the jurisprudence of his native State, upon the 
Constitution of his adopted State, and upon nearly every con- 
spicuous page of America's civil or political history for half 
a century ; who loved Plymouth Rock and Bunker Hill with 
an undying affection, dwelling alternately beside the one or 
the other ; who cherished as the apple of his eye his Alma 
Mater and the nation for whose service she had prepared him ; 
who in early life and middle life and old age advocated the 
universal brotherhood of man, whether pleading in behalf of 
the oppressed African, or the oppressed Greek, or the op- 
pressed Hungarian ; who gave all his sympathy and all his 
influence in aid of every pursuit, enterprise, and institution 
which could ennoble the human race ; who made all other 
human law pay homage to the Constitution of his country, and 
all human law to the Divine Revelation ; who gave to Dart- 
mouth a more enduring fame throughout America, and to 
America a more enduring fame over the whole earth : of Levi 
Woodbury, who as Governor of his native State clearly com- 
prehended and carefully regarded its various interests ; as a 
Senator commanded the profound respect of the National Leg- 
islature ; as a Cabinet minister, inaugurated " a series of re- 
forms which pervaded the whole department, and penetrated 
to every branch of the service," and who upon the Supreme 
Bench of the United States gave judicial opinions which are 
" monuments of patient research, ripe, and rarely erring judg- 
ment, enlarged and liberal views, and eminent attainments : " 
of Thaddeus Stevens, of whom his biographer says : 
*' Thoroughly radical in all his views, hating slavery with all 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 399 

the intensity of his nature, believing it just, right, and expedi- 
ent, not only to emancipate the negro but to arm him and 
make him a soldier, and afterward to make him a citizen, 
and give him the ballot, he led off in all measures for effect- 
ing these ends. The Emancipation Proclamation was urged 
upon the President by him, on all grounds of right, justice, 
ai>d expediency ; the Fourteenth Amendment to the Con- 
stitution was initiated and pressed by him : " of RuFUS 
Choate, who combined in more majestic and graceful propor- 
tions than any other American lawyer, the ripe scholar and 
the successful advocate ; who with the beauty and power of 
his language could captivate a jury, a popular audience, or 
the American Congress with equal facility ; who gave to 
English literature some of its most brilliant gems, and who in 
his immortal eulogy upon Webster, in the opinion of compe- 
tent judges, gave to the world one of the most finished and im- 
pressive examples of elegiac eloquence to which it has listened 
since the days of Pericles : and of Salmon P. Chase, who, 
when our government needed, gave to it the " sinews of war," 
and in the eloquent language of Evarts, " Whether by inter- 
posing his strong arm to save Mr. Birney from the fury of a 
mob ; or by his bold and constant maintenance in the courts 
of the cause of fugitive slaves, in the face of the resentments 
of the public opinion of the day ; or by his fearless desertion 
of all reigning politics to lead a feeble band of protestants 
through the wilderness of an ti- slavery wanderings, its pillar of 
cloud by day, its pillar of fire by night ; or, as Governor of 
Ohio, facing the intimidations of the Slave States, backed by 
Federal power and a storm of popular passion ; or in consoli- 
dating the triumphant politics on the urgent issue which was 
to flame out into rebellion and revolt ; or in his serene pre- 
dominance, during the trial of the President, over the rage of 
party hate which brought into peril the coordination of the 
great departments of government, and threatened its whole 
frame, — in all these marked instances of public duty, as 
in the simple routine of his ordinary conduct, Mr. Chase 
asked but one question to determine his course of action, — 
' Is it right ? '" " 

Nor should we forget others who have left a lasting impres- 



400 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

sion upon the jurisprudence of New England, and indeed our 
whole country. Among them Samuel S. Wilde, who had 
few peers as an advocate in Maine, or as a judge in Massachu- 
setts ; EzEKiEL Webster, who as lawyer and statesman left a 
monument in New Hampshire which shall never crumble ; 
RiCHAED Fletcher, '' whose legal acumen, clear, distinct, and 
precise statement, closely reasoned argument, and conscien- 
tious mastery of his subject, adorned the bench no less than 
the bar ; " Joseph Bell, who as advocate and legislator, in 
ability as in station, towered above most of his associates ; 
ICHABOD Bartlett, " the Randolph of the North," who could 
measure swords with Mason or Webster or Clay, without 
either shield or shame ; and Joel Parker, who honored alike 
the bar, the bench, and the lecture-room. 

As members of one branch or the other of our National 
Legislature, we record other honored names in alphabetical 
order : 

Samuel C. Allen, who voted alone in his place in Congress, 
in favor of suffrage without regard to color. Heman Allen, 
Lemuel H. Arnold, Samuel Bell, Samuel N. Bell, Silas Bet- 
ton, Abijah Bigelow, John Blanchard, Daniel Breck, Elijah 
Brigham, David Brunson, Joseph Buffum, Dudley Chase, 
Daniel Chipman, Martin Chittenden, Daniel Clark, in every 
public position a leading spirit, Judah Dana, Samuel Dins- 
moor, Daniel M. Durell, Ira A. Eastman, Thomas M. 
Edwards, Walbridge A. Field, Benjamin F. Flanders, Isaac 
Fletcher, George G. Fogg, Sylvester Gilbert, Calvin Goddard, 
Daniel W. Gooch, John N. Goodwin, George Grennell, James 
W. Grimes, pioneer statesman of the far West, Matthew Har- 
vey, Henry Hibbard, Henry Hubbard, a man of rare abilities 
and influence, Jonathan Hunt, Luther Jewett, Joseph S. Ly- 
man, Asa Lyon, Rufus Mclntire, Charles Marsh, George P. 
Marsh, the honored son of an honored father, Gilman Mars- 
ton, Ebenezer Mattoon, Jeremiah Nelson, Moses Norris, John 
Noyes, Benjamin Orr, Albion K. Parris, James W. Pat- 
terson, whose eminent abilities and elaborate culture have 
placed him in the foremost rank of the present generation 
of New England statesmen, Charles H. Peaslee, Edward C. 
Reed, Erastus Root, Joseph Richardson, Eleazer W. Rip- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 401 

ley, equally fearless as a soldier and a statesman, Ether 
Shepley, alike conspicuous for mental and moral powers, 
John S. Sherburne, George A. Simmons, who by his own 
efforts attained rare eminence, Peleg Sprague, Samuel Tag- 
gart, Amos Tuck, a pioneer in philanthropic politics, John 
Wentworth, who in large measure maintains the reputation 
of an ancient and honored family, Phineas White, Leonard 
Wilcox, Charles W. Willard, Hezekiah Williams, and William 
Wilson. To which should be added the names of James C. 
Alvord and Sylvanus Backus, who were elected to Congress, 
but did not live to take their seats. 

When Daniel Webster entered the American Senate, five 
of its twelve New England representa;tives were Dartmouth 
alumni. Their labors in Congress form a part of the his- 
tory of every Administration of our National government. 

Amos Kendall, beside large usefulness, in other spheres, 
was an honored Cabinet Minister. 

Amos T. Akerman has been similarly honored, as Attorney 
General of the United States. 

The names of Charles B. Haddock, George P. Marsh, 
George G. Fogg, and Edward F. Noyes, deserve honorable 
mention in connection with public service abroad. 

The names of Samuel Dinsmoor, the younger, John Hub- 
bard, Ralph Metcalf, Peter T. Washburn, Nelson Dingley, 
and Benjamin F. Prescott should be noticed, as State Gov- 
ernors, in addition to several who have added this honor to 
others, of which we have already made mention. 

In Judicial life many names attract our notice beside those, 
which have been mentioned in other connections ; among 
them Nicholas Baylies, Nicholas Emery, Nathan Weston, Ira 
Perley, Jonas Cutting, Benjamin W. Bonney, Isaac F. Red- 
field, Robert R. Heath, Andrew S. Woods, William H. Bart- 
lett, John S. Sanborn, and Benjamin H. Steele, of the de- 
ceased, and William G. Woodward, Timothy P. Redfield, 
George F. Shepley, James Barrett, Jason Downer, Jonathan 
E. Sargent, Lincoln F. Brigham, Oliver Miller, and Charles 
Doe, among the living. Nor should we forget that of living 
members of the American Bar few names have been honored 
more in the East than that of Charles B. Goodrich, and few 

26 



402 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

names have been honored more in the "West than that of 
James F. Joy. 

Dartmouth has contributed largely to American Education. 

Bowdoin's first two presidents were Joseph McKeen and 
Jesse Appleton. 

Thomas C. Upham was one of its honored Faculty for 
more than forty years. 

Oren B. Cheney was a leading founder of Bates College, 
in later years. 

James Marsh, John Wheeler, and Joseph Torrey were 
successively presidents of Vermont University, and each left 
upon it a most valuable and durable impression. 

William Jackson and Thomas A. Merrill inscribed their 
names indelibly upon the foundations of Middlebury College, 
which numbers Benjamin Labaree and Calvin B. Hulbert 
among its honored presidents. 

Zephaniah S. Moore, as president of Williams College, gave 
to it the fruits of his valuable experience at Dartmouth, and 
materially enhanced its usefulness ; nor should we omit the 
name of its earnest friend and guardian, Alvan Hyde. 

In naming the leading founders of Amherst College, Pro- 
fessor Tyler does not hesitate to place first, Rufus Graves, 
and next, Samuel F. Dickinson. The value of Dr. Moore's 
services as first president has been referred to in a previous 
chapter. 

A record of its obligations to Professor Nathan Welby 
Fiske is a material part of its history. 

The biographer of George Ticknor says no one contributed 
more than he toward the impulse which has resulted in Har- 
vard's progress during the last half century. 

Amos Kendall was the honored founder of the College for 
Deaf Mutes at Washington. 

John M. Sturtevant has an honored place in the history of 
education for the Blind in the South. 

Jonathan P. Cushing resuscitated Hampden Sydney Col- 
lege when life was nearly extinct, and made it again " a power 
in the land." 

Philander Chase, in founding Kenyon and Jubilee Colleges, 
gave to the Episcopalians of the West two of their leading 
literary institutions. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 403 

John M. Ellis founded Illinois College, which, with the 
influences that centered around it, in large measure " gave 
character " to the State. 

Not less plainly did he write his name upon the founda- 
tions of Wabash College, and not less plainly have Charles 
White, Edmund O. Hovey, and Caleb Mills written their 
names upon the superstructure. 

A proper estimate of the valuable labors of Joseph Esta- 
brook, Stephen Foster, and George Cooke, successively presi- 
dents of the College of East Tennessee, can only be made by 
those who are familiar with the history of the institution. 

Drury College, so admirably located, bears the impress of 
Nathan J. Morrison. 

Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Samuel H. Willey and 
George H. Atkinson will ever be honored among the leading 
founders and guardians of the College of California, and the 
Pacific University. 

No history of American education will be complete which 
does not portray the earnest and valuable labors, in numerous 
other collegiate institutions East, West, North, and South, of 
a long roll of Dartmouth alumni ; among them, beside many 
others, already noticed, Joseph Dana, James Dean, Josiah 
Noyes, Frederick Hall, George T. Chapman, James Hadley, 
Rufus W. Bailey, Benjamin F. Farnsworth, George Bush, 
Cyrus P. Grosvenor, Oramel S. Hinckley, Samuel Hurd, Ca- 
leb S. Henry, John Kendrick, Charles D. Cleaveland, Leon- 
ard Marsh, Forrest Shepherd, Charles B. Dana, Nathaniel 
S. Folsom, Jarvis Gregg, Milo P. Jewett, Diarca H. Allen, 
Kendrick Metcalf, Jacob H. Quimby, John B. Niles, Daniel 
F. Richardson, Amos Brown, Calvin Tracy, John C. Webster, 
Edmund Q. S. Waldron, Augustus Everett, Erastus Everett, 
Jonas De F. Richards, Abner H. Brown, Henry L. Bullen, 
George P. Comings, David Dimond, Charles H. Churchill, 
Amos B. Goodhue, Joshua J. Blaisdell, Artemas W. Sawyer, 
Mark Bailey, Gideon Draper, Joseph O. Hudnut, Henry E. 
J. Boardman, Charles S. Farrar, Nathan S. Lincoln, John 
Ordronaux, John M. Hayes, Daniel Putnam, Martin H. Fisk, 
Isaac A. Parker, Ephraim Murch, William E. Barnard, Am- 
brose W. Clarke, Amos N. Currier, Richard C. Stanley, Al- 



404 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. . 

bert S. Bickmore, George S. Morris, and John W. Scribner. 
It is hardly possible to overestimate the influence of these 
men in shaping the thought and life of our country. 

If we turn to academies we find that Mark Newman, 
Osgood Johnson, and Samuel H. Taylor, especially the two 
latter, were largely instrumental in placing Philhps Academy, 
at Andover, at the head of such institutions in America. 
Few schools of the kind have a more brilliant record than 
Kimball Union Academy, and few American educators have 
acquired more permanent renown than Cyrus S. Richards. 

The labors of Amos J. Cook at Fryeburg, of John Vose at 
Atkinson and Pembroke, of Andrew Mack at Gilmanton and 
Haverhill, of John Hubbard at New Ipswich, of Ezra Carter 
at Peacham, of Clement Long and William Nutting at Ran- 
dolph, of James K. Colby at St. Johnsbury, of Ebenezer 
Adams at Leicester, of Proctor Pierce at Deerfield, of Caleb 
Butler at Groton, and Benjamin Greenleaf at Bradford, con- 
stitute a vital portion of the history of academic education in 
New England. Nor must we forget that such men as Albert 
C. Perkins, at Exeter, C. F. P. Bancroft, at Andover, and 
Homer T. Fuller, at St. Johnsbury, are still laboring in this 
important sphere, while Hiram Orcutt is performing valuable 
service in a somewhat similar sphere at West Lebanon. 
Worcester Free Institute is under large obligations to Charles 
O. Thompson and John E. Sinclair. 

If we turn to the metropolis of New England we find that 
John D. Philbrick has made her schools and school-houses in 
their leading features models for a world, fit successor to 
Elisha Ticknor, the leading founder of her primary schools, 
and Caleb Bingham and John Park, who in large measure 
revolutionized female education in America. 

Beaumont Parks taught successfully for forty j^ears in In- 
diana and Illinois ; Charles E. Hovey founded the Illinois 
Normal School — worthy followers of Daniel Story at Ma- 
rietta, the pioneer professional teacher of the West. 

John Eaton, as Commissioner of General Education, has 
stamped his name, indelibly, upon our country's history. 

In Literature, Dartmouth has a worthy record. 

In Philosophy, the names of James Marsh, Thomas C. 
Upham, and Caleb S. Henry, command universal respect. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 405 

In History, the names of George Ticknor, Joseph B. Felt, 
Joseph Tracy, George Punchard, Samuel Hopkins, John Lord, 
and Edwin D. Sanborn, will live as long as our language. 

In Scientific popular literature, the names of Abel Cur- 
tis, who is believed to have given to America its first Eng- 
lish Grammar in a separate and distinct form, of Caleb Bing- 
ham, who followed in his footsteps and enhanced the value of 
his work, of Daniel Adams, who gave to the world the inval- 
uable Arithmetic, of Benjamin Greenleaf, whose mathematical 
works have added materially to the usefulness of his long and 
busy life, of Charles D. Cleaveland and Alphonso Wood, 
are stars of the first magnitude. 

In Periodical literature, the names of John Park, David 
Everett, Thomas G. Fessenden, Asa Rand, Russell Jarvis, 
Absalom Peters, Nathaniel P. Rogers, Ebenezer C. Tracy, 
Amasa Converse, Henry Wood, Nathaniel S. Folsom, Alonzo 
H. Quint, and Henry A. Hazen, deserve especial notice. 

In Polite literature, the names of Nathaniel H. Carter, 
Charles B. Haddock, Rufus Choate, George P. Marsh, Rich- 
ard B. Kimball, and John B. Bouton, command universal ad- 
miration. 

The writings of Samuel L. Knapp, Henry Bond, and Nathan 
Crosby are valuable contributions to American Biography. 

In Professional and Classic literature, the alumni of Dart- 
mouth have done a good work. We can only glance at lead- 
ing names, many of which have been mentioned in their more 
appropriate places. Among them are Asa Burton, Jesse Ap- 
pleton, Ebenezer Porter, Samuel C. Bartlett, Alvah Hovey, 
Luther T. Townsend, Isaac F. Redfield, Silas Durkee, Ed- 
mund R. Peaslee, W. W. Morland, F. E. Oliver, Jabez B. 
Upham, Edward H. Parker, Joseph Torrey, Nathan W. Fiske, 
George Bush, and Alpheus Crosby. 

In Industrial literature, the names of Henry Colman and 
John L. Hayes will be honored so long as agriculture and 
manufactures shall have a prominent place among human pur- 
suits. 

In Medicine, a goodly proportion of her most eminent sons 
have given to Dartmouth their personal services as teachers ; 
we have only to recall in this connection the honored names 



406 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

recorded in a preceding chapter, — Mussey , Perkins, Crosby, 
and Peasleee. But other names claim our notice. Amos 
Twitchell, by tireless industry and fidelity in his regular pro- 
fessional work, and his boldness and skill as an operative sur- 
geon, gained a reputation equaled by few in New England, 
and extending to the Old World. The name of George C. 
Shattuck shines with equal lustre, as the benefactor of his 
Alma Mater, and the friend of suffering humanity in the 
metropolis of New England. 

Luther V. Bell wrote his name as plainly upon the founda- 
tions of the McLean Asylum, at Somerville, as did his hon- 
ored father, Samuel Bell, upon the jurisprudence of New 
Hampshire. The name of John E. Tyler is scarcely less con- 
spicuous upon the superstructure. 

New Jersey will never forget her obligations to Lyndon A. 
Smith for the earnest efforts which gave to that State a simi- 
lar institution. Nor should we be silent in regard to the ser-. 
vices of living men who are now conducting or prominently 
connected with similar institutions ; among them, Jesse P. 
Bancroft, Clement A. Walker, John Ordronaux, Homer O. 
Hitchcock, William W. Godding, and John P. Brown. 

As Medical lecturers, we cannot fail to notice other honored 
names ; among them, Josiah Noyes, Joseph A. Gallup, James 
Hadley, Jesse Smith, Arthur L. Porter, Gilman Kimball, Ben- 
jamin R. Palmer, Noah Worcester, Abner Hartwell Brown, 
Nathan S. Lincoln, and Phineas S. Conner. 

A reference to all the living medical alumni of Dartmouth, 
who are acting the part of useful practitioners or teachers, 
added to the above, would take us to nearly every leading 
medical institution, and nearly every family, in our broad 
land. 

In Productive industry and the development of our national 
resources, the alumni of Dartmouth have an honorable place. 

Eastern New England will never be unmindful of her obli- 
gations to William A. Hayes, for his successful efforts to in- 
troduce a better grade of wool than had ever before been 
produced in that region ; nor will the country or the world 
forget their obligations to his honored classmate, Henry Col- 
man, the American pioneer in scientific agriculture. The 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 407 

names of Thomas G. Fessenden and Amos Brown also de- 
serve notice in this connection. 

Petroleum, instead of being at the present time a leading 
American product, might have remained, in large measure, 
in its ancient bed, but for the skillful, persevering enterprise 
of George H. Bissell and Francis B. Brewer. 

In Railroad enterprise, the names of Erastus Hopkins, 
Thomas M. Edwards, and Francis Cogswell, in the East, and 
James F. Joy, in the West, are " familiar as household words." 

The sons of Dartmouth have performed honorable service 
in the field. More than a score were soldiers of the Revolu- 
tion. Among them John S. Sherburne, who lost one of his 
limbs; Absalom Peters, whose efficient service in Vermont 
contributed largely to the protection of our Northern fron- 
tier ; and Ebenezer Mattoon, who by forced marches with his 
gallant men furnished cannon which "told" at Saratoga. 

In the War of 1812-1815 they acted well their part. Elea- 
zer Wheelock Ripley, at Lundy's Lane, after General Scott 
had been disabled (with the aid of the gallant Miller), 
wrested victory from an almost triumphant foe, on the blood- 
iest field of the war. 

In that War, too, Sylvanus Thayer gained a measure of the 
renown which has rendered the name of the most efficient 
founder of the Military Academy at West Point illustrious in 
both hemispheres. 

In the late War one of the most valuable coadjutors of two 
of its leading captains — Grant and Sherman — was Joseph 
Dana Webster. 

In letters of living light we write many other names, 
among them Charles and Daniel Foster — par nobile f ratrum 
— Samuel Souther, Charles Augustine Davis, Isaac Lewis 
Clarke, Calvin. Gross Hollenbush, Valentine B. Oakes, Frank- 
lin Aretas Haskell, Arthur Edwin Hutchins, Lucius Stearns 
Shaw, Horace Meeker Dyke, Edwin Brant Frost, William 
Lawrence Baker, Charles Whiting Carroll, George Washing- 
ton Quimby, George Ephraim Chamberlin, Charles Lee Fos- 
ter, Henry Mills Caldwell, and Stark Fellows, who at Bull 
Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, the Wilderness, Cold Har- 
bor, and elsewhere, gave their lives in defense of the Ameri- 
can Union. 



y 



408 DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

No aggregation of volumes would adequately portray the 
whole work of Dartmouth's alumni. In quiet places, the 
great majority, day by day, and year by year, have performed 
their allotted tasks. In such places all over America, and in 
other lands, they have built their most enduring monuments. 
The calm lustre of their lives is almost as widely diffused as 
the morning light. 

Eleazer Wheelock founded the college, in faith and 
hope, for the enlightenment and evangelization of future gen- 
erations in that mighty storehouse of thought and action, cen- 
tral New England. 

John Wheelock carried forward the work with energy 
and zeal, and a large measure of success. 

Francis Brown gave a valuable life for the protection 
of his still youthful Alma Mater. 

Daniel Dana was a man of kindred spirit, and not less 
devoted to his work. 

Bennet Tyler magnified his office, and, laboring in season 
and out of season, added " goodly ornaments." 

Nathan Lord added new halls, new departments and 
modes of instruction, gave larger prestige, and left the im- 
press of a great mind upon two thousand pupils. 

Asa D. Smith added yet other halls, secured new endow- 
ments, and provided a long line of scholarships, for the de- 
velopment of latent talent, and the encouragement of genuine 
worth. 

Samuel C. Bartlett brings to the accomplishment of 
his task the name of an ancient and honored family, and the 
experiences of an earnest and fruitful life. 

Dartmouth has blessed New Eiigland and Old England, 
North America and the whole world. 

Her location, unrivaled in many respects by that of any 
sister institution, her history, so full of romance and of reality, 
and her work, recorded first in the history of the eighteenth 
century, and indelibly impressed upon the history of the nine- 
teenth, all warrant the hope that her walls may stand, through 
all the ages of the future, strong as the everlasting hills, and 
beautiful as the celestial dome. 




Rev. SAMSON OCCOM. 



APPENDIX. 



A LIST 



OF THE 



ENGLISH SUBSCRIBERS TO DR. WHEELOCK'S 
INDIAN CHARITY SCHOOL OR ACADEMY. 



LONDON. 



His Most G-RACior 
Majesty . . . 

]\rr. Isaac Akerman . 

Mr. John Atkins . 

Messrs. Adair, Jackson 
& Co 

Mr. William Ames . 

Mr. Joseph Armitage 

Mr. Joseph Aldersey 

Mr. Ebenezer Atkinson 

Mrs. Alio vine. . . 

The Rev. ]Mr. Ashworth 
of Daintree . . . 

Mr. Atwell, A. B. . 

Mr. John Anther 

Anonymous . . . 

Mr. Andrews . . . 

Mrs. Sarah Axford 

The Rev. Mr. Sam 
Brewer's Collection 

Messrs. Dav. Barclay & 
Sons 

Mrs. Brine 

Robert Butcher, Esq. . 

Mr. John Bradney . . 

Mr. Diederick Beck- 
man 

Mr. John Bonus . . . 

Messrs. Bland & Barnett 

Mr. Thomas Brooks 



£ s. d. 

200 

5 5 

5 5 

5 5 

5 5 

5 5 

2 2 

2 2 

2 2 



Jam. & Hen. Baker, 



1 1 

10 

10 

5 

5 

1 



141 2 6 

31 10 

20 

10 10 

10 10 

10 10 

10 10 

10 10 

10 10 



I Thom. Smalley Brown 
ing, Esq. . . . 

I John Bond, Esq . . 

I Bank Note, K 483 . 
Sir — Blackmore 
Robert Bird, Esq. . 
Mrs. Sarah Bradney 
Mrs. B. W. . . . 
Mr. Blunkett of Peck- 
ham 

John Buchanan, Esq. 
]Mr. Clement Bellamy 
Mr. Geo. Baskerville 
Mr. Michael Barlow 
Mr. John Bayley 
Mr. Frederick Ball 
Mr. Jonathan Bond 
Mr. Bowles . . 
Mr. Bush . . . 
Mr. Richard Brown 
Mr. William Butler 
Mr. Guy Brian . 
Mr. J. Busley 
Dr. Bragge . . 
Mrs. Bragge . . 
Mr. Jonathan Bowles 
— Brooks, Esq., of Cam 
bridge . . . 



10 10 

10 10 

10 10 

10 

6 6 

5 5 

5 5 

5 5 



2 2 



410 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Mr. Joseph Burch . . 
B. C 

Mrs. Blakesly . . . 

Mr. Henry Burder . . 

Mr. Burkitt .... 

The Rev. Charles 
Bowles 

Mrs. B-f-t 

Mr. George Braithwaite 

Mr. Joseph Barnardistone 

Mr. Bassingtine . . 

Mr. William Brown . 

Mr. Biggs, Junior . 

A Banker's Clerk 

Mr. Wt. B. . . . 

Mr. Ball .... 

Mr. John Baker . . 

Mr. William Baker . . 

Mr. Benjamin Coles 

Messrs. Capel, Hanbmy, 
Oswald & Co. . . 

]VIr. James Crafts 

Mr. William Cross . 

Mr. Craneh, in the 
Borough . . . . , 

Mr. James Cox . . 

Mr. Benjamin Clempson 

Mr. Lawrence Charles- 
son 

]\Ir. Creswell, of Stour- 
bridge, per Mr. Mick- 
lin the Mercer . . 

Mr. Cross .... 

Mr. Benjamin Champion 

Mr. Compson . . . 

Mr. John Collier . 

Mr. John Colebrooke 

C. T. F 



Mr. John Cox . . . 

'Mr. Joseph Cowper 

Mr. William Coombes 

Mr. Cooper . . . 

Mrs. Cooper . . . 

Mr. John Cobb . . 

Mr. William Crooke 

Mr. Joseph Clarke . 

Mr. Henrv Cowling 

Rt. Hon. 'William, Earl 
of Dartmouth, a Trus- 
tee and President . . 

Messrs. Deberdt & Bur- 
kitt 

Mr. John Dick . . . 

D. T 

Mrs. Davis . . . . 

Mr. William Dermer . 



2 2 





2 2 





1 11 


6 


1 1 





1 1 





1 1 





1 1 





1 1 





1 1 





1 1 





10 


6 


10 


6 


10 


6 


7 





5 


3 


5 


3 


5 





20 





10 10 





5 5 





5 5 





5 5 





5 5 





3 3 






3 3 



3 3 

2 2 

2 2 

2 2 

2 2 

1 11 

1 3 

1 1 

1 1 

1 1 

1 1 



1 1 

1 1 

10 

10 



5 5 

5 5 

5 5 

5 5 



10 6 



50 



20 



Phil. Dotton, Esq., of 

Plymouth, per ^Ir. 

Sheppard 
Mr. Darnford 
Miss Dixon 
Mrs. Dewn . 
Mr. Denne . 
Mr. James Donald 
Mr. James Deethait 
Mr. James Duncan 

Mr. D 

Mr. Benjamin Dickers, 

per Dr. Gibbons 
Mr. D. D. . . . 
Mr. Dudds . . . 
Mr. Dell . . . 
Mrs. Davis . . 
Mr. Zephaniah Eade 
Mrs. Anna Eade . 
Mr. Samuel Ewer 
Mr. Edwards . . 
Mr. E. H. . . . 
Mr. John Elliott . 
Mr. Eaton . . . 
Dr. Fothergill 
A Friend of the Cause 
Mr. Fuller & Son . 
Thomas Fletcher, Esq. 
Mr. Benjamin Forsitt 
The Rev. ]\Ir. Ford . 
Dr. John Ford . . 
Mr. William Fisher, Sen. 
Messrs. Flight & Halli- 

day . . 
Messrs. Freeman & Grace 
Mr. William Fletcher 
Mr. George Flower 
INIr. Fassett . . 
Ur. F. P. . . . 
Mrs. Flight . . 
Mr. David Field 
A Friend in the Country 
Sir John Griffin Griffin 
Mr. William Grace . 
Mr. Daniel Gallopine 
Mr. Gerrish . . . 
Mrs. Sarah Gale . . 
Mrs. Gumley . . . 
Mr. Grainger . . . 
Mr. John Geere, Sen., 

collected by him . 
Mr. Robert Griffiths 
Mr. Daniel Goodwin 
Mr. John Geere, of 

Hythe 
Thomas Gibbons, D. D. 



2 17 

2 2 

2 2 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

1 1 

10 



10 6 
10 6 

5 

6 

6 

1 



6 
6 
1 

1 1 
1 1 



21 

20 

10 10 

5 5 

5 5 

5 5 

5 5 

5 5 



1 1 
10 

20 

10 10 

10 10 

5 5 

5 5 

5 5 

5 

4 14 6 

4 4 

3 7 6 

3 3 

2 2 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



411 



Mr. Walter Gelly . . 


2 


2 





Mr. Richard Hatt . . 


10 


6 


G. E. ...... 


2 


2 





Mr. William Hunter . 


10 


6 


Mr. Griffin 


2 


2 





Mrs. Harle .... 


10 


6 


Mr. Joseph Gibbon . . 


2 


2 





The Rev. Mr. Hatham, 






Mr. Gardner .... 


2 


2 





of Loughborough . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Grote 


2 


2 





Mrs. Halford and Son . 


7 


6 


Mrs. Nellaby Gibson . 









Mrs. H. P 


5 





Mr. Jolin Gould . . . 









L S 


20 





Miss Gould .... 









Mr. Jackson, of the 






Messrs. G 









Temple 


10 10 





Mrs. Ann Gustbart . . 









'Mr. Thomas Justis . . 


5 5 





Mr. Samuel Gordon 









Mr. John Jones . . . 


3 3 





Mr. Owen Griffith . . 









'Mr. Edward Jefferies . 


2 2 





Mr. Good 




10 


6 


J. P 


2 2 





Mrs. G s .... 




10 


6 


I. R., per John Sabatier 


2 2 





Mr. William Gardiner 




5 





Mr. Thomas Jefferys . 


2 2 





Isaac Holies, Esq. . . 


100 








Mr. Jacomb .... 


1 1 





The Rev. Mr. Holden's 








Mr. Jackson, Basing- 






collection of Deptford 


51 


2 





hallSt 


1 1 





Sir Charles Hotham, a 








Mr. J. G 


1 1 





Trustee, deceased . 


50 








Mr. Judd 


10 


6 


Mrs. Halsey .... 


50 








Mr. Richard Jeffreys . 


10 


6 


Charles Hardy, Esq., a 








Mr. Philip Jones, at 






Trustee 


25 








Upton in Worcester- 






Mr. Robert Hodgson . 


20 








shire 


5 


3 


Sir Joseph Hankey and 








Mr. Robert Keen, a 






partners 


10 10 





Trustee 


25 





Mr. William Hervey . 


10 10 





Mr. William Kelly . . 


5 5 





Edward Hollis, Esq. . 


5 


5 





Mr. King 


3 3 





Thomas Hollis, Esq. . 


5 


5 





Mr. John Kennedy . . 


2 2 





Mr. Richard Hawtyn . 


5 


5 





MissKingsley . . . 


1 1 





Mr. Peregrine Hogg 


5 


5 





Samuel Lloyd, Esq. 


21 





Mr. Hugh Humstone . 


5 


5 





Collected at the Rev. 






Mr. John Hose & Son . 


5 


5 





Mr. John Langford's 


13 





Richard Hill, Esq. . . 


5 


5 





Mr. Geoi-ge Lowe . . 


10 10 





Thomas Hall, Esq., of 








Mr. Thomas Lowe . . 


10 10 





Harnfel Hall, near 








Mr. John Laurence . . 


5 5 





Henley 


5 


5 





Mr. L. F 


2 2 





Messrs. Higgins, Gar- 








Mr. Samuel Luck . . 


2 2 





rett & Hartfield . . 


5 


5 





Mr. L. G 


2 2 





Mr. Joseph Hart . . 


5 


5 





'Mr. Robert Lathroppe . 







Mr. Benjamin Horrocks 


3 


3 





Mrs. L. G 







Miss Hillier .... 


3 


3 





Mr. L. D 


1 11 


6 


Mr. Howell .... 


2 12 


6 


Mr. John Lefevre . . 







Mrs. Ann HoUoway 


2 


2 





The Rev. Dr. Langford 







Mr. Thomas Heckley, 








Mrs. Lavington . . . 







per Dr. Gibbons . . 


2 


2 





Mr. Lawrence . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Holdgate .... 









His Excellency, General 






Mr. Thomas Houston . 









Monckton .... 


21 





Mr. William Heathfield 









Mr. B. Mills .... 


20 





Mr. Horton .... 









Messrs. R. H. & R. 






Mr. Nathaniel Hillier . 









Maitland .... 


10 10 





Mr. Hett 









The Rev. Mr. Martin's 






Mr. Hunt 




10 


6 


Collection at Deptford 


5 10 





Mr. Heath .... 




10 


6 


Mr. James Mabbs . . 


5 5 





Mr. Harley .... 




10 


6 


John Mills, Esq. . . . 


5 5 






412 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Mr. Thomas Maltby . 


5 


5 





Mr. Petree 


1 1 





Mr. Thomas Mason . 


5 


5 





Mr. Parks 


1 1 





Mr. Samuel Moody . 


5 


5 





Mr. Edward Pitts . . 


1 1 





Mr. Maine, of Kensingto 


n 5 


5 





Mr. George Prettiman . 


10 


6 


Mr. Thomas Mayor . 


5 


5 





]\Irs. Mary Parker . . 


10 


6 


Mrs. Marlow, per Dr 








Mr. John Payne . . . 


10 


6 


Gifford .... 


5 


5 





Mr. N. Paul .... 


5 


3 


The Rev. Mr. Madan 


5 








The Rev. Mr. Phillips . 


5 





Mr. Millet .... 


4 


5 





Mr. Peakes .... 


2 


6 


Mrs. Molineaux . . 


3 


6 


6 


The Rev. Mr. Romaine's 






Mr. Mangles . . . 


2 


2 





Collection at St. 






iMr. Brough Maltby . 


2 


2 





Anne's, Black Friar's 


107 13 


3 


Mr. Messenger . . 


2 


2 





Samuel Roffey, Esq., a 






Mr. Samuel Matthews 


2 


2 





Trustee .... 


50 





Mr. Peter Mallard . 


2 


2 





Mrs. Roffey, of Lincoln's 






Mr. Morris .... 


2 


2 





Inn Fields .... 


10 10 





Mr. Mace .... 









Marchioness of Rocking- 






]\Ir. Thomas Matravers 









ham 


10 10 





Mr. Moggridge . . 









Mr. Samuel Rickards . 


10 10 





Miss March . . . 









Mrs. Russel .... 


10 





Mrs. M 









Mrs. Radcliffe .... 


10 





Mr. Marston . . . 









Mr. Henry Rutt . . . 


3 3 





Mr. D. Maitland . . . 









Mr. John Robarts . . 


5 5 





Mr. Morrison . . . 









Mr. Matthew Randall . 


5 5 





Mr. James Murray . 




10 


6 


Mr. George Rutt . . . 


3 3 





Mr. Samuel Mason . 




10 


6 


Mr. and Mrs. Rawlins . 


2 2 





Mr. Samuel Munday 




10 


6 


Miss Rymers .... 


2 2 





M. C 




10 


6 


Mr. John Robin . . . 


1 1 





Mr. Robert Newton 








Mrs. Russel, of Greek 






per Charles Steer 


50 








Street 


1 1 





Mr. Ric. Neave & Son 


21 








Mr. Stephen Roe . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Edw. Thomas Nel- 


2 


2 





Mr. Rumley .... 


10 


6 


son 


2 


2 





Mr. Robarts .... 


5 


3 


Mr. and Mrs. Noyes 


2 


2 





Right Hon. Earl of 






Miss Nichols . . . . 


2 


2 





Shaftesbury .... 


31 10 





Mr. Noton .... 


1 


1 





Mr. Samuel Savage, a 






Mr. Abraham Ogier 


2 


2 





Trustee 


100 





Mr. John Orton . . 


2 


2 





Samuel Sparrow, Esq. . 


50 





Mr. Olney .... 


1 


1 





Rev. Dr. Stennett's 






Mr. John Oldham . . 


1 


1 





Collection .... 


42 10 11 


Mr. John Oliver . . 




10 


6 


The Rev. Mr. Charles 






Thomas and Richard 








Skelton's Collection . 


13 13 





Penn, Esqs. . . 


50 








The Rev. Mr. Stafford 






Messrs. Pewtress & Rob- 








and his Friends . . 


10 10 





arts . . . . . 


10 10 





William Stead, Esq. . 


10 10 





Mr. James Pearson . 


5 


5 





Mr. Robert Stuart . . 


10 10 





Mr. Pomeroy . . . 


2 


2 





Mr. Baron Smythe, a 






Mrs. Rachel Phipps . 


2 


2 





Trustee 


6 6 





Mr. Michael Pearson 


2 


2 





Mr. Samuel Stainton . 


5 5 





Mr. Thomas Prettyman 


2 


2 





Mr. Sherland Swanstoiie 


5 5 





Mr. Rowland Page . 


2 


2 





Mr. James Smith . . 


5 5 





Mr. John Prentice . 









Mr. J. Short .... 


5 5 





Mr. John Page . . 









Mr. John Striteal . . 


5 5 





Mrs. P 









The Rev. Sam. Martin 






Mr. John Price . . 









Savage . . . . . 


5 5 





Mr. Chancey Poole . 









Mr. Sainsbury Sibley . 


5 5 






DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



413 



Mr. Smith (partner with 

Mr. Nash) . . . 
Mrs. Sowdon . . . 
Mr. Thomas Smith . 
S. W 



Messrs. Simmonds&Co 

Mr. Self 

The Rev. and Hon. Mr, 

Shirley .... 
Mr. R. Saddington . 
Mr. Sarney .... 
Mr. Joseph Smithers 
Mr. Somerhayes . . 

Mrs. S. G 

Mr. John Seaber . . 
Mr. Shrapnell . . . 

S. F 

The Rev. Mr. Spilsbury 
Mr. Thomas Savage 
Mr. James Still . . 
Mr. Thomas Spicer . 
The Rev. Mr. Sheppard 
Mr. James Smith 
Mr. John Sparks . . 
Mr. William Slow . 
Mr. Edward Shickle 
Mr. Statham . . . 
Mr. Francis Simpson 
Mr. Stibbs .... 
Mrs. Scott . . . 

S. S 

John Thornton, Esq., a 

Trustee and Treasurer 
Barlow Trecothick, Esq 
Sir John Toriano 
Sir John Thorold, Bart, 

of Cranwell . . 
Mr. AVilliam Tatnall 
Mr. Thomas Turville 
A Lady Unknown, per 

Mr. Thompson 
The Rev. Mr. Thomson 
Mr. John Townsend . 
Mr. Robert Trevors 
T. B 



Mr. Robert Territ . 
Messrs. Tredway & Bay 

^ley 

T 



Mr. Twelves . . . 
Mr. John Thorne 
Mr. Timothy Topping 
Mr. Taylor . . . 
JVIrs. Tomkins . . 
Miss Ann Tayleure . 
A Person Unknown . 



5 5 





4 4 





3 3 





3 3 





3 3 





2 12 


6 


2 2 





2 2 





2 2 





2 2 






































































18 





10 


6 


10 


6 


10 


6 


5 


3 


5 


3 


100 





21 





20 





10 10 





10 10 





10 10 





10 10 





5 5 





5 5 





2 2 





1 1 





1 1 





1 1 





1 1 





1 1 





1 1 





1 1 





12 





10 


6 


10 


6 


50 






A Gentleman and sev- 
eral Ladies to be un- 
known 

James Vere, Esq. . . 

Mr. Vowell the Stationer 

A Providential Guinea . 

A Lady Unknown . . 

A Person Unknown . . 

Ditto 

Cash Unknown . . . 

Unknown 

Unknown, four entries, 
each 

A Lady Unknown . 

Unknown, nine entries, 
each 

Ditto, per Rev. Mr. 
Traile 

Ditto, per Rev. Mr. 
Franks 

Mr. Yeck 

Unknown, four entries, 
each 

Wm. Wilberforce, Esq. 

Mr. Rich. Wilson and 
Lady 

Dan. West, Esq., a Trus- 
tee 

Samuel Wordsworth, 
Esq 

Miss Ann Wordsworth 

Mr. John Wallaston 

Mr. Stephen Williams . 

Messrs. AVelch & Rogers 

Mr. Thomas Whitehead, 
per Rev. Mr. Romaine 

Mr. Jonathan Wathen . 

Mr. Rob. Waller, at 
Gosport .... 

Mr. Nathaniel Weeks 

Mr. Robert Watkinson 

Mr. Thomas Wilson 

Mr. Moses Willatts . 

Mr. George Wilkinson 

Mr. William Willatts 

Mr. John Wathen & 
Son 

Mr. James Walker . 

Mrs. Mary Ward . . 

Mr. Wheelar . . . 

Messrs. Thomas & John 
Wellings . . . 

Dr. Wray .... 

Mr. Woodroffe . . 



30 9 

20 

2 2 

1 



10 10 

1 1 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 



10 
10 


6 
6 


5 
25 5 


5 




25 5 





25 

« 





10 10 
10 10 
10 10 
10 10 
10 10 









6 14 
5 5 


9 



5 5 
5 5 
5 5 
5 5 
5 5 
5 5 
5 5 











3 3 
3 3 
3 3 
3 3 








2 2 
2 2 
2 2 








chapel 



2 2 



414 



DARTMOUTH COLJ^EGE. 



Mr. 


Walcot, of 


Dart- 






month .... 


. 2 2 





]Mr. 


Whiten & Co. . 





Mr. 


Wilson . . . 







The Rev. Mr. Watson 







]Mr. 


Caleb White . 







Mr. 


Joseph Wolmer 
Wells .... 







Mr 







Mr. 


Samuel Williams 





Mrs 


. AVaddilove . . 







Mr. 


Wilton . 


. 







Mr 


Wells . . 









Mr. 


Withers . 







Mr 


Wallis . . 




10 





Mrs 


. Wordsworth . 


6 


Rev 


. Dr. Worthington 


10 


6 


Mr. 


Welch . . . 


10 


6 


Mrs 


. Williams 




5 


3 


Mr. 


William W. 




4 





X. 


Q. . . . 




. 50 





Y. 


R 




1 1 
5 





Z. . - - 




8 











Totalin London .£3165 3 8 

COLLECTIONS AT ABINGDON, IN 
BERKSHIKE. 

Mr. Joseph Butlar . . 21 

Mr. Joseph Tomkins . 10 10 

Mr. William Tomkins . 10 10 

Mr. Benjamin Tomkins 10 10 

Mrs. Tomkins . . . 10 10 

Mr. Nathaniel Roberts 5 5 

Rev. Mr. John Moore . 2 2 

Miss Palmer .... 220 

Mr. Thomas Flight . . 2 2 

Mrs. Elizabeth Flight . 110 

]VIr. Joseph Fuller . . 110 

Mrs. Sarah Fuller . . 110 

Rev. Mr. Daniel Turner 110 

Mrs. Elizabeth Turner 10 6 

The Public Collection . 5 6 6 

DONATIONS AT ASHBURTON, IN 
DEVONSHIRE. 

The Rev. Mr. Bradford, 

of Buckfastleigh . . 5 5 
Mr. Richard Bennett, 

etc 1 14 3 

Mrs. Mary Berry . . 13 

Mrs. Susannah Bennett 3 

Mr. Cocksley .... 10 6 

MissEals 10 6 

Mr. Peter Fabyon, etc. 16 9 



Mr. Nicholas Fabyon, etc 
Mr. James Furman . 
Mr. Richard Harris . 
Mr. Joseph Leaman 
Rev. Mr. Naylor, vicar 

of Ashburton . . 
Mr. Walter Park and 

Family .... 
Mrs. Mary Rennell, etc 
Mrs. Sowter . . . 
Miss Soper and Sister 

each 

Mr. Soper .... 
Messrs. John, Richard I 

Moses Tozer . . 
Mr. Nicholas Tripe . 
A Person Unknown . 
Samuel Windeat . . 
Mr. Winsor . . . 
The Rev. Mr. Waters 
Collected at the Rev, 

Mr. Waters' . . 



15 

10 6 

1 1 

10 6 

1 1 

2 
18 9 
10 6 

10 6 

5 3 

1 16 6 

10 6 

7 6 

10 6 

5 3 

10 6 

8 16 7 



DONATIONS AT ST. ALBANS IN 
HERTFORDSHIRE. 

Collected at Rev. 
Messrs. Hiron's and 
Gill's 22 2 2J 

DONATIONS AT ASHFORD, IN KENT. 

Mr. Benjamin Harrison 110 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Brook's . . . 
Do. at Rev. Mr. Gilla- 

brand's 5 



1 9f 



DONATION AT ASHBORN, IN DERBY- 
SHIRE. 



Collected at Rev. Mr. 
Rawlins' 



2 8 11 



DONATIONS AT AULCESTER, IN 
WARWICKSHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Broadhurst's . . 2 4 5 

DONATION AT APPLEDORE, IN KENT. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Evan's .... 800 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



415 



BRISTOL. 








Mr. Thomas Evans . 
Mr. John Edwards . 


. 1 1 

10 



6 


Mr Ariel 


2 


2 






Mrs. Edwards . . . 
Mrs. E. H. . . . . 


10 
5 


6 


X«A1 • XXi. xv^x • • • • • 

Mr. P. Allard . . . . 


3 


T. & M. Allard . . 









Collected at the Rev. 






Mrs. Allison . . . 









Mr. Evan's Meeting 


. 30 





Mr. Robert Atkins . 









Rev. Mr. Wm. Foote 


. 2 2 





Mr. William Arnold . 









Mr. Frampton . . 


2 2 





Mr. Ap thorp . . . 









Mr. George Fownes . 


. 2 2 





John & Fran. Bull, Esqs 


10 10 





Mr. Farnall . . . 


. 1 1 





Miss Brown . . . . 


5 


5 





A Friend .... 


10 


6 


Miss Sarah Barrow . 


3 








Mr. Frame .... 


10 


6 


Mr. Britton . . . 


2 12 


6 


Mr. Francis . . . 


4 


6 


Sarah, Mary, and Na- 








Collected at the Rev 






thaniel Britton . . 


1 


1 





Mr. Foot's, at Kalh 






Mrs. Bull and Miss Bull 








Hill 


. 6 10 


7 


one guinea each . . 


2 


2 





Mr. Gordon . . . 


. 5 5 





Mr. Blake 




1 





Mr. Jos. Green . . 


. 3 3 





Mr. Edward Bright 




1 





Mr. Garlick . . . 


. 2 2 





Mr. Edward Brice . 




1 





Mr. Gomond . . . 


. 2 2 





Mrs. Badcocke . . 




1 





Mrs. George . . . 


. 2 2 





Mr. John Bryant 




1 





Rev. Mr. Grand, Rector 






Mr. Beverston . . 




1 





of Durham . . . 


. 2 2 





Mr. Jas. and Miss 








Mr. Griffith .' . . 







Brown .... 


1 


1 
10 



6 


Mr. Granger . . . 
Mr. Robert Gordon . 







Mr. Daniel Brown . . 





Mr. Baker .... 


5 


5 

5 






Mr. J. Gordon . . 
Mr. Grimes .... 







Mr. John Collett . . . 





Mr. James Cowles . . 


5 


5 





Mrs. Joanna Gough . 







Mr. Robert Coleman 


3 


3 





Mrs. Gorton . . . 


'. 10 


6 


Mr. Robert Cottle . . 


3 


3 





Collected at Mr. Gil- 






Mr. Francis Collins . . 


2 


2 





lard's, Castle Green 


. 11 


9 


Rev. Mr. Cook of Ding- 








Mr. R. A. Hawksworth 


. 5 5 





ton 


2 
2 


2 
2 






Mr. William Hazle . 
Mr. John Harris . . 


5 5 
. 5 5 





Mr. William Cowles . 





Lady Croston . . . 









Mr. Mark Hartford, Jr 


2 2 





Mrs. Cheston . . . . 









Mr. William Hale . . 







Mrs Collins . . . . 









Mrs. Hale .... 







Mr. Richard Champion 









Mrs. Howard . . 







Mr. Ric. Champion, Jr. 









Mrs. Hibbs . . . 







Mr. George Champion . 









Mr. Haddocke . . 







Mr. Benjamin Chandler 




10 


6 


Messrs. Howlett and 






Mr. Richard Carpenter 




10 


6 


Rainsford . . . 


15 


9 


Mr. Cottles' men . . . 




4 





The Rev. Mr. Hart . 


10 


6 


Mr. Henry Durbin 




2 


2 





The Rev. Mr. Haines 


10 


6 


Mrs. D 




2 2 
2 2 
1 11 




6 


Mrs. Hill .... 
Mr. George Harris . 
Mr. Hollister . . . 


10 
10 
10 


6 


Mrs. Davis . 




6 


Mr. Dugdale . . 




6 


Mr. Edward Daniel 




1 


1 





Mr. Hopkins . . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Dallaway . . 




1 


1 





Mr. Harmer . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. John Dafforn 






10 


6 


Mr. Hall .... 


10 


6 


Mr. William Day 






10 


6 


Mr. Howell Harris . . 


10 


6 


Mr. E. Daniel . . . 






2 


6 


Mr. Hewlett and Chil- 






Mrs. Drew . 




3 


5 
2 
3 



6 



dren 

Mr. Hinton . . . . 


11 

4 





Mr. Daniel .... 







Mr. John Evans . . 







416 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Collected at Mr. Har- 








Mrs. Poole, Bridewell 






wood's 


6 11 


4 


Lane 


2 2 





Capt. James . . . . 


5 


5 


■ 


]\Irs. Pollard and Pierce 


1 16 


6 


Mr. James Ireland . . 


5 


5 





]\[r. Purnall .... 


1 1 





Mrs. Mary Johnson . . 


3 


3 





Mr. John Parstow . . 


1 I 





The Rev. Mr. Jillard . 


2 


2 





Mr. Thomas Purnall 


1 1 





Mrs. Elizabeth Johnson 


2 


2 





Mr. Power and Children 


15 


6 


Mr. James . . , . 


1 


7 





Mrs. Price 


10 


6 


John Jennys, Esq. . . 


1 


1 





Mr. Parry 


10 


6 


Mrs. Mary Jackson . . 


1 


1 





Mr. Power .... 


10 


6 


Mr. Iredel 


1 


1 





Mr. Charles Prosser 


10 


6 


Mr. Sam. Johnson . . 




10 


6 


Mrs. Poole 


10 


6 


Mrs. King 


4 


4 





Collected at Chelwood, 






The B. of K— 's Lady 


1 


1 





by Dr. Pearce . . 


13 5 


6 


Mr. E. King . . . . 




2 


6 


Ditto, at Peaulton . . 


7 1 





Collected at Kingswood 


6 


4 





William Rewees, Esq. . 


10 10 





Harford Lloyd, Esq. . 


5 


5 





Mrs. Roscoe .... 


1 1 





Mr. Thomas Ludlow . 


5 


5 





Mr. Rienke .... 


1 1 





Mr. Christopher Ludlow 


5 


5 





Mrs.R 


1 1 





Mr. William Ludlow . 


3 


3 





Mr. Rogers 


10 


6 


From two Ladies . . 


2 


2 





Mrs. Rogers .... 


1 1 





Mr. Thomas Ledyard . 


2 


2 





Mrs. Rowles .... 


10 


6 


Mr. John Lawle . . . 









Mr. John Storck . . . 


5 5 





Mrs. Lloyd .... 









Mr. Stonehouse, Mill 






Mr. Isaac Ludlow . . 









Hill 


3 3 





Mr. Treat Ludlow . . 









Mr. Edward Stanfell . 


3 3 





Dr. Lyne 









Mr. Joseph Sievier . . 


2 12 


6 


Mr. Llewellyn, etc. . . 




14 


6 


Mr. Isaac Stephens . . 


1 11 


6 


Miss Ludlow . . . . 




10 


6 


Mr. B. Stevenson . . 


1 1 





Mr. Lewis . . . . 




10 


6 


The Rev. Dr. Stonehouse 


1 1 





Mr. R. Ludlow . . . 




5 





The Rev. Mr. Symes . 


1 1 





Mr. Lemon . . . . 




5 


3 


Counsellor Skidmore . 


1 1 





Hon. and Rev. Mr. M. 


10 10 





Mr. Thomas Seymour . 


1 1 





Mr. Meyler, Sen. . . 


2 


2 





Messrs. Simmonds and 






Mrs. Merlott . . . . 


2 


2 





Woodman .... 


1 1 





Mr. Munkley . . . . 









Samuel Sedgeley, Esq. 


1 1 





Mrs. Milliard . . . . 









Mr. Joseph Shapland . 


10 


6 


Mr. Maynard . . . . 









Mr. Daniel Searnell 


10 


6 


Mr. Martin . . . . 









Mr. Smith 


2 


6 


Mr. Moss 









Sundry small ones . . 


6 


6 


Mrs. Moore . . . . 









Mr. Josiah Taylor . . 


1 1 





Mr. John Morgan . . 




10 


6 


Dr. Townsend . . . 


1 1 





Mr. Maxwell . . . . 




10 


6 


Mr. Thomas .... 


1 1 





Mrs.M 




10 


6 


Mr. Tomlinson . . . 


1 1 





Mr. J. Maynard . . . 




2 


6 


I\Ir. Teague .... 


10 


6 


Mrs. 




6 





Collected at the Rev. 






Mr. John Needham . . 




10 


6 


Mr. Thomas's Meet- 






Mr. Nash 




10 


6 


ing 


15 6 


1 


Mr. Overbury . . . . 


1 


7 





Unknown, 2 entries. 






Mr. Owen 


1 


1 





each 


2 2 





Mr. Owen 




10 


6 


Unknown 


1 11 





Mr. Pynock . . . . 


2 


2 





Unknown, 2 entries, 






Widow Poole, Broad 








each 


1 1 





Street 


2 


2 





Ditto, 3 entries, each . 


10 


6 


Mr. Samuel Peach . . 


2 


2 





Samuel Webb .... 


5 5 





Mrs. Parsons . . . . 


2 


2 





Mr. Peter Wilder . . 


5 5 






DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



417 



Mr. Edward Whatley . 


5 5 





Mrs. Willis, in Rose- 






green. Kingswood 


5 5 





Mr. F. Weaver . . . 


1 1 





Mr. Samuel Waterford . 


1 1 





Mr. Daniel White . . 


1 1 





Mr. Jos. and Charles 






Whittuck . . . . 


1 1 





Mr. Watts . . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Woodward . . . 


10 


6 


]Mr. Abraham Whit- 






luck 


10 


6 


Mr. Wills .... 


10 


6 


Mr. Whituck . . . . 


2 


6 


^Ir. Williams . . . 


5 





Mr. J. Watts . . . 


5 





A Widow ., . . . 


5 





Collected at the Rev 






Mr. Whitfield's Tab 






ernacle, Mr. Row- 






and's, £3 45 . . . 


25 6 


6 


Collected at the Rev 






Mr. Wesley's Room 


23 15 





BRADFORD, IN WI] 


LTSHIRE. 




Mr. Humphrey Trywel 


1 1 





Mr. John Smith . . 


. 1 1 





Mr. Joseph Smith . 


. 1 1 





Mr. Saunders . . . 


1 1 





Mrs. Towgood and Mr 






Baines .... 


10 


3 


Collected at Rev 






Messrs. Haine's, Skir 






ven, and Foote' 






Meetings .... 


. 18 14 


8 


The Rev. Mr. Spence 






and Friends . . 


. 7 14 





BRIDGEWATER, IN 


SOMERSET- 


SHIRE. 






Counsellor Allen . . 


. 1 1 





Thomas Allen, Esq. 


. 1 1 





Counsellor Bingford, e 


tc. 1 3 





Rev. Mr. Burroughs 


10 


6 


Mr. Chubbs . . . 


5 


3 


James Hervey, Esq. 


10 


6 


The Rev. :Mr. Stansbur 


y 5 





Dr. Taylor .... 


. 1 1 





Collected at the Re\ 






]VIi'. Wilson's . . 


. 10 15 


6 


Ditto at Rev. Mr. Hai 


- 




ris's 


. 2 8 





27 







BRAXTON. 

Mr. John Blatch ... 110 

Mr. William Ballard . 110 
Mrs. Ann and Eleanor 

Ballard 10 6 

Mrs. Mary Drewett . . 110 

Mrs. Eleanor Ellis . . 5 

Mrs. Eleanor Froud . . 1 19 6 
^L". Henry Phipps Ren- 

dall 5 

Mrs. Sarah Rendall . 5 

Jeffery Whitaker, Esq. 2 2 

Mrs. Thomas Whitaker 110 

The General Collection 17 



BIDDIFORD, IN DEVONSHIRE. 



George Buck, Esq. . 
Charles Davie, Esq. . 
Mr. Greening . . . 
Walter Shallabar, Esq. 
i Mrs. Saltren . . . 
Unknown .... 
Rev. Islrs. John White 

field 

Collected at Rev. Mr, 
Samuel Lavino-ton's 



2 2 

10 
1 1 



2 2 



35 19 6 



BARNSTAPLE, IN DEVONSHIRE. 

Collected at Barnstaple 31 15 6 
From the parishes of 

AYithredge and Thel- 

bridge 17 1 



BLANFORD, IN DORSETSHIRE. 

Edward Madgwicke, Esq. 4 4 

:Shs. Gifeord .... 330 
Mr. Thomas, Roe and 

Dr. Pultney, etc. . . 12 

Mr. Matthew Cummings 110 

Rev. Mr. Henry Field . 2 2 
Collected at the Rev. 

]Mr. Field's . . . . 13 16 5 

BREMISTER, IN DORSETSHIRE. 



Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Bryant's . . . 



6 



BRIDPORT, IN DORSETSHIRE. 

MissWhitty .... 10 6 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Rooker's . . . 31 5 6 



418 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Ditto at Rev. Mr. Sut- 
ton's 11 18 

BROUGHTON. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Steel's .... 11 

BOURTON, ON THE WATER. 

William Snooke, Esq. . 10 10 
Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Beddom's ... 19 10 

BROOMSGROVE, IN WORCESTER- 
SHIRE. 

From an unknown lady, 
per Mrs. Blackmore, 
of Manchester ... 660 

Collected at Rev. 
Messrs. Phillips', Jen- 
kins', and Butter- 
worth's 20 17 8^ 

BEDWORTH. 

Rev. Mr. Howlett, a 

clergyman .... 10 6 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Saunder's ... 9 14 9 



Mr. Wells 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Symmonds . . 


10 6 
13 6 7^ 


BINGLEY. 





BEDFORD, IN BEDFORDSHIRE. 



Mr. Belsham . 
Joseph Barham, Esq. 
Mr. Bayley 
Mrs. Berthray 
Messrs. Costins 
Mr. Custerson . 
Mr. Dunton 
Mr. Franklin . 
William Foster, Esq 
John Howard, Esq. 
Mrs. Hensman 
Mr. King . . . 
Mr. Leach . . . 
Messrs. Negus . . 
Mr. Odell .... 
Mr. Palmer, Sen. 
Mr. Palmer, Jr. . 
Rev. Mr. Joshua Sy 

monds . . 
Mrs. Sanderson 
Mr. Wilsher . 



11 6 
1 
1 



Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Lilley's ... 11 1 Ij 

BRADFORD, IN YORKSHIRE. 



Collected at the Rev 

Mr. Crab tree's . . 
Rev. Mr. Sykes, Vicar 

The Rev. Mr. . 

The Rev. Mr. Smith 
Collected by ditto of 

his people . . . 

Ditto of the Rev. Mr, 

Wesley's people . 

BIERLEY. 



6 18 3^ 

10 6 

10 6 

1 1 

5 5 

8 



Richard Richardson, 

Esq 10 10 

Collected by the Rev. 
Mr. Stillingfleet . . 6 16 6 



BURSTALL, IN YORKSHIRE. 



Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Wesley's . . . 



6 4i 



BURY, IN SUFFOLK. 



Mr. Crosbie . ... 

Mrs. Crosbie . . . 

Mr. Robert Hayward 

Mr. Robinson and Son 

Mr. Cumberland and 
Sons 

Mrs. Sarah Cumberland 

Miss Crosbie . . . 

Mr. Joseph Frost 

Rev. Mr. B. Mills, Rec- 
tor 

Miss M. Crosbie . . 

Mr. William HoUman 

Unknown .... 

Mr. Charles Darby and 
Wife 

Mr. Umfreville . . 

Collected at the Rev 
Mr. Saville's . . 

Mrs. Lucas .... 

Mrs. Darby . . . 



10 10 

10 10 

10 10 

6 6 

6 6 

5 5 

2 2 

2 2 



1 1 
1 1 



1 
1 

10 
12 



3 18 lOf 
2 2 
1 1 



DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



419 



Mrs. Wright 













Mrs. Anne Tabor . . 


2 2 


Palmer 


, Esq. 







Unknown 


2 1 6 


Mrs. Lyng . 









Ditto, per the Rev. Mr. 




Mr. Knock 













Davidson .... 


1 1 


Mr. Ely. . 













Mr. John Watkinson . 


2 2 


Mr. Chaplin 








10 


6 


Mr. Samuel Watkinson 


10 6 


Mr. Mast . 








10 


6 


Collected at the Rev. 




Mrs. Mast . 








5 


3 


Mr. Davidson's . . 


33 9 9 


Mr. Leech . 








10 


6 






Mr. Sleckles 








10 


6 






Mrs. Webster 
Mr. Bullen 








10 
8 


6 




BERKHEMPSTEAD, IN HERTFORD- 
SHIRE. 


Mr. Rutter 


. 






5 


3 


The Rev. Mr. Bland . 


5 


Collected at the Eev 






Mr. Duncom .... 


5 


Mr. Lincoln's . . 


. 4 18 10 


Noyse, Esq. 


10 6 








Mrs. Noyse .... 


10 6 


BRAINTREE AND B0( 


:king, in 


Mrs. Thompson . . . 


10 6 


ESSEX. 






Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Sexton's . . . 


7 3 6 


Mr. Gamaliel Andrews 


1 1 









Mr. Boosey, Sen. 
Mr. Boosey, Jun. 


3 3 









1 1 





BASINGSTOKE, IN HAMPSHIRE. 


Mr. Thomas Boosey 


1 1 





His Grace the Duke of 




Mr. Barnet . . . 


1 1 


1 


Bolton ... . . . 


3 3 


Mr. Thomas Bennet . 


10 


6 


The Rev. Mr. Burroughs 


10 6 


Mrs. Barber . . . 


10 


6 


Castle .... 


10 6 


Mr. Cracken thorp . 


10 10 





Covey .... 

Mr. England .... 


10 6 


John Churchman, Esq. 


4 4 





1 1 


Mr. Darcy Clark . . 


2 2 





The Rev. Mr. Hinchman 


10 6 


Mr. John Church 


1 16 





The Rev. Mr. Ingham 


10 6 


Mr. Thomas Davey . . 


3 3 





Collected at Rev. Mr. 




The Rev. IVIr. Davidson 


2 2 





Ingham's .... 


4 9 10 


]\Ir. Death .... 


2 2 





Mr. Portsmouth . 


10 6 


Mrs. Anne English . . 
Mr. John English . . 


6 6 
3 3 






Mrs. Payton .... 
Mr. Russell .... 


2 2 
110 


Deacon Fuller . . . 


4 4 





From Sundries . . . 


3 4 


Mr. Fordham . . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Vicary .... 


10 6 


Mr. Harriott . . . 


5 5 





Rev. Mr. Underwood . 


10 6 


]Mr. Halls .... 


1 1 









The Rev. Dr. Hall 










Dean of Bocking . 


1 1 





BRIGHTHELMSTONE, IN 


SUSSEX. 


Mr. Hall .... 


10 


6 


Collected of Mr. Beach 




Mr. Joseph Josline . 


10 


6 


and other Friends of 




Mr. John Lambert . 


5 5 





Religion 


8 19 


Mr. Isaac Livermore 


1 6 









Mr. Thomas Lake 


2 2 









Mr. Livermore, Glazier 


1 1 





BEACONSFIELD, IN BUCKINGHAM- 


Mrs. Mayor . . . 


6 6 





SHIRE. 




Rev. Mr. Powell, Rector 


2 2 





Mr. Samuel Anthony . 


2 2 


Mr. Quincey . . . . 


10 


6 


Collected at the Rev. 




Mrs. Reeve . . . . 


5 5 





Mr. Darby's . . . 


7 7 9 


Mr. Richard Sayer . . 


6 6 







Dr. Stapleton . . . 


5 5 





BEVERLY, IN YORKSHIRE. 


Mr. Joseph Saville . 


3 3 









Mr. John Tabor . . 


6 6 





Collected at the Rev. 




Mr. Samuel Ta 


ibo 


r 




5 5 





Mr. Harris' . . . 


4 12 8f 



420 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



BOSTON, IN LINCOLNSHIRE. 




Mrs. Revead .... 


1 


1 













William Roffie, Esq. . 
Hon. Richard Salter . 


1 


1 





Brought by Mr. Robert 








5 


5 





Barlow 


10 10 





The Rev. J. Sparrow . 


1 


1 













Mrs. Shally .... 


1 


1 





BUNGAY, IN SUFFOLK 






Mr. Speering .... 

Unknown 

John Wentworth, Esq., 
Governor of New 




5 



3 


Mr. Thomas Prentice . 


5 


5 







5 


Collected and sent hy 














the Rev. Mr. New- 








Hampshire .... 


21 








ton, near Norwich . 


1 17 





Collected at the Rev. 
















Mr. Wesley's . . . 


6 


1 


5 


BEWDLEY, IN WORCESTERSHIRE. 










Collected by the Revs. 








BROMPTON. 








Messrs. Skeys . . . 


20 


3 


3 


Collected at the Rev. 
















Mr. Potts' .... 


2 





6 


BATH. 
















The Right Rev. ' the 








CHALFORD. 








Bishop of Derry . . 


10 10 





Collected by the Rev. 
Mr. Phene .... 








Mrs. Browne .... 


10 








6 


6 





Mrs. B. Bethell . . . 


5 


5 













Mrs. Bethell .... 


5 


5 













William Blake, Esq. . 


3 


3 





CROSCOMBE. 








]\irs. Bearsley .... 


2 


2 





Collected at the Rev. 








Mr. John Bleakley. . . 


1 


1 





Mr. Watkins' . . . 


1 13 





Thomas Bury, Esq. . . 


1 


1 













Countess of Charleville 


5 


5 













Mr. Colborne .... 


2 


2 





CALUMPTON, IN DEVONSHIRE 


^• 


Mr. Benjamin Colborne 


2 


2 





Collected at Rev. Messrs. 








Mr. Cox 


1 


1 





Cassel's and Morgan's 


5 


9 


3 


Governor Dinwiddle 


3 


3 











The Rev. Dr. Dechair 


2 


2 













Mrs. E .... 


1 


1 





CULMSTOCK. 








The Rev. Mr. Frank . 

Collected at the Rev. 

]Mr. Frank's . . . 


1 1 
26 10 





Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Gillerd's . . . 


5 


1 


6 


Dr. Gusthart .... 


2 


2 













Hall Atfield, Esq. . . , 




10 


6 


CREDITON, IN DEVONSHIRE. 




!Mr. William Hoare . . 


1 


1 













Mrs. Hervey .... 
Mr. Jones ... . . 




10 


6 


Rev. Mr. Hart, Vicar . 




11 


6 




10 


6 


Collected at the Rev. 








The Rev. Mr. Jessie . 


1 


1 





Mr. J. Berry's . . 


30 








Major Maine .... 


5 


5 













Mr. Allen 


1 


1 





CHUDLEIGH, IN DEVONSHIRE 




Andrew Millar, Esq. . 


5 


5 













Mr. Richard Marchant 


3 


3 





Collected at the Rev. 








Mr. Edward Marchant 


1 


1 





Mr. Joel Orchard's . 


11 13 


6 


Mrs. Magee .... 


1 


1 













John Miller, Esq. . . 


1 


1 





CREWKERN. 








Dr. Moysey .... 


1 


1 













Mr. Parker .... 


1 


1 





The Rev. Mr. Taggart . 


1 


1 





Collected at the Rev. 








The Rev. Mr. Cox . . 




10 


6 


Mr. Parsons . . . 


11 


8 11 


Collected at the Rev. 








James Roffey, Esq. . . 


6 


5 





Mr. Blake's . . . 


17 


4 


4 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



421 



COVENTRY, IN WARWICKSHIRE. 



The Rev. Dr. Edwards 
and three of his par- 
ishioners 

Collected of the Rev. 
Messrs. Jackson's and 
Lloyd's people . . . 

Collected of the Rev. Mr. 
Butterworth's people 

Collected of the Rev. 
Messrs. Simpson's and 
Alcott's people . . 

Mr. Cleve 

Mrs. Tibbits .... 

Mr. Mayor . . . . . 



3 13 6 



56 7 21 



10 19 6 



39 14 101 
1 16 
1 1 
1 1 



CIRENCESTER, IN GLOUCESTER- 
SHIRE. 



The Rev. Mr. Davis 

Mr. Freeman . . . 
Mr. Kimber . . . 
Mr. Wilkins . . . 
The Rev. Mr. Johnson 
Mr. Wavel .... 
Mr. Francis Turner . 
Mr. John Reeve and 
Unknown . . . . 



1 11 

2 2 
1 1 
1 1 

10 
10 
10 



10 



CHELTENHAM, IN GLOUCESTER- 
SHIRE. 



Collected at the Rev. 
]VIr. Dunscomb's . . 



9 4 9 



CARLISLE, IN CUMBERLAND. 

The Rev. Mr. Robinson 10 6 

Collected at the Rev. 
]Mr. Mils .... 8 14 7 

CASTLE HEDINGHAM. 

The Rev. JMr. Ford . 2 2 

Mr. U 110 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Ford's . . . . 12 14 3| 

COGGESHALL, IN ESSEX. 

Mr. John Abbott . . 2 2 

Mr. Buxton .... 110 

Mr. Joseph Bott ... 10 6 

Mr. Joseph Choate . . 110 

:Mr. John Choate ... 10 6 



Mr. John Deeks ... 110 

Dr. 10 6 

The Rev. Mr. Dowdle . 10 6 

Mr. John Fordham . . 10 6 

Dr. Godfrey .... 1 11 6 

Mr. Edward Harrington 10 6 

Mrs. Elizabeth Mason . 10 6 

Mr. Midcalf .... 10 6 

The Rev. Mr. Petto . 10 6 

Mrs. E. Powel ... 15 

Mr. Robert Rist ... 110 

Mr. Edward Seach . . 2 2 

Mr. Robert Salmon . . 2 2 

Mr. Shuttleworth . . 10*6 

Unknown 110 

Messrs. Urwine ... 3 13 6 

Mrs. Urwine .... 10 6 

Mr. John Wright . . 2 2 

Two Widows .... 10 6 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Petto's .... 797 

CAMBRIDGE. 

Of Mr. Robinson, by a 

person unknown . . 21 

Ebenezer Hollick, Esq. 10 10 

Mr. Richard Forster . 5 5 

Mss Patterson ... 330 

Mr. Eaton 3 3 

Mr. Lincoln .... 220 
Dr. Randall, Professor 

of Music 2 2 

The Rev. Mr. Robinson 17 

Mrs. Biggs 17 

]\Ir. Purchase .... 110 

Mrs. Hawthorn ... 110 

Alderman GifEord . . 110 

The Rev. Mr. Jones (Ely) 1 1 

Mr. Mayor 110 

Messrs. Penticross & 

Decoetligon ... 110 

Unknown, by Mr. Brooks 110 
Mrs. Lancaster and Mrs. 

Halsall 15 9 

Dr. Smith, Vice- Chan- 
cellor 10 6 

Mr. N. V. Stephens . 10 6 

Mr. Juet 10 6 

Iklr. Pike 10 6 

Mrs. Lake 10 6 

Mr. William Blows 

(Whittier) .... 10 6 

Mr. Rayner (Duxford) 10 6 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Robinson's . . 22 10 3^ 



422 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Collected at the Rev. 

Ml'. Saunders' . . . 17 5 5 

CLEAVERING. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Reynolds' ... 5 12 8| 

CHESHAM IN BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 

Scotto Esq. . . 5 5 

Dr. Rumsey .... 110 

Mr. Lasenby .... 110 

Mr. John Harden . . 110 

Mr. Putnam .... 13 

Mr. Hepburn .... 10" 6 

Mr. Richard Wheeler . 10 6 

Mr. John Priest ... 10 6 

Mr. Putnam .... 10 6 

Mr. Simson .... 10 6 

Mr. Treacher .... 10 6 

The Rev. Mr. Spooner 10 6 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Cock's and Mr. 

Spooner's .... 688 

CHEYNES. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Cromwell's . . 4 8 6 



COLNBROOKE, IN BUCKINGHAM- 
SHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Woodman's . . 6 12 
The Rev. Mr. Leighton, 

ofUxbridsje ... 110 



CRANBROOKE, IN KENT. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Messrs. Noyse's and 

Dobb's 7 8 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Colville's of 

Goodhurst .... 17 6 



CANTERBURY, IN KENT. 



The Rev. Mr. Perronet 1 
The Rev. Mr. Benge . 1 
The Rev. ISL-. Delasay . 

Mr. Claris 11 

Mr. Lapine .... 10 



1 

1 

5 



6 



Collected at the Rev. 

Messrs. Sheldon's and 

Chapman's . . . . 15 17 2 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Perronet' s ... 230 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Wesley's ... 2 16 8 

CHATHAM, IN KENT. 



William Gordon, Esq., 
and Lady . , 

Brooks, Esq 

Dr. Craddocke 

Mr. Poley . . 

Mr. Stubbs . 

Unknown . . 

Collected at Messr 
Neal's & Meremeth's 

Collected at the Taber- 
nacle 



2 2 
1 1 
1 1 

10 

10 

2 



3 10 6J 
2| 



11 2 



THE DEVIZES IN WILTSHIRE. 



Collected by the Rev. 
Mr. Benj. Fullar and 
the Rev. Mr. Henry 
Williams .... 



28 7 



DARTMOUTH, IN DEVONSHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Adams' . . . 23 10 6 



DORCHESTER, IN DORSETSHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Lamb's . . . 12 12 5 
Persons unknown, sent 

to Messrs. ^Pewtress & 

Robarts .".... 220 

DUDLEY, IN WORCESTERSHIRE. 



Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Handcox's . . 



12 12 10^ 



Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Thomas White's 5 14 9 



DEDHAM. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Binsfham's . . 



13 13 6 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



423 



DURHAM. 






Mr. Casely .... 


10 


6 


Collected at the Dis- 






Mr. Joel Cadbury . 
Mr. John Catbury . . 
Mr. John Cadbury . 


10 
5 


6 




senting Meeting . . 


2 18 


n 


5 











John Duntze, Esq. . 


6 6 





DOVER, IN KENT 


• 




Mrs. Dickers . . . 


. 4 4 





Collected at tlie Rev. 






John Duntze, Esq., Sr. 


8 3 





Messrs. Holt's and 






Mrs. Durnsford . . 


10 


6 


Ashdown's .... 


8 1 


6 


Capt. Dawson . . 


10 


6 








Mr. Dennis . . . 


10 


6 


DENTON, IN NORFOLK. 




Mr. Richard Durnsford 


I 5 


3 








Mrs. Evans . . . 


1 1 





Collected by the Rev. 






Mrs. Ann Enty . . 


1 1 





Mr. Rocking . . . 


7 10 





jMr. Richard Evans . 


1 1 





A Clergyman .... 


10 


6 


Mr. Matthew Frost . 


10 


6 


A Gentleman .... 


7 


6 


Dr. Glass .... 


. 3 3 











Mr. Thomas Gearing 


2 2 





DEAL, IN KENT 






Madam Gould . . 


1 10 





Collected by the Rev. 
JVIr. John Say . . . 






Mr. Jonathan Green 


1 7 





3 15 


8 


Mr. James Green 
Mr. Thomas Glass . 


1 7 
1 1 







EXETER, IN DEVONSHIRE. 




J\lr. Benjamin Grant 


1 1 











Dr. GifEord . . . 


1 1 





Mr. Joseph Allen . . 


1 1 





Mr. G. A. Gibbs . . 


1 1 





Mr. Edward Addicott . 


1 1 





Mrs. Glvde, widow . 


1 1 





Dr. Andrews .... 


1 1 





Mr. John Giflford . 


1 1 





Mr. Abbot 


10 


6 


Mr. Joseph Gillett . 


1 1 





A. C 


10 


6 


Mrs. Clyde . . . 


12 


6 


Mr. Charles Barring . 


3 3 





]Mr. Samuel Clyde . 


10 


6 


Mr. Bellfield .... 


1 1 





IVli'. William Grigg . 


5 


3 


Mrs. Buckland . . . 


1 1 





Mr. John Holmes, Jr. 


3 3 





Mr. Caleb Blight . . . 


10 


6 


Mrs. Mary Hollworthy 


2 2 





Mr. Britland .... 


10 


6 


]\lr. Harris .... 


1 1 





Mr. John Bowrug . . 


10 


6 


Mrs. Hallett, widow 


1 1 





Mr. Bastard .... 


10 


6 


Mrs. Hillman, widow 


1 1 





Mr. Bidwell .... 


10 


6 


Mr. William Hornsey 


10 


6 


Mrs. Elizabeth Batters- 






Miss Handlugh . . 


10 


6 


by 


5 


3 


Mr. William Holmes 


10 


6 


Benjamin & Elizabeth 






The Rev. Mr. Hogg . 


10 


6 


Binham, each . . . 


1 





Rev. Mr. Richard Hak 


J 10 


6 


Mr. Cranch .... 


2 2 





Mr. Hornsey . . . 


5 


3 


Mr. Samuel Coade . . 


1 1 





Mr. Hartsel . . . 


5 


3 


Mr. John Carter, per 






Mrs. Jones, widow . 


1 1 





Mrs. Trowbridge . . 


1 1 





Mr. John Jerwood . 


1 1 





The Rev. Mr. Clark . 


1 1 





Mr. Herman Katten- 






Mr. Peter Clark . . . 


1 1 





camp 


3 3 





Mr. William Clark . . 


1 1 





Mr. Abraham Kennewaj 


r 2 2 





Mrs. Coleman .... 


1 1 





Mr. Wm. Kenneway, 






Mr. William Coward . 


1 1 





Sen 


1 1 





Mr. Coffin, Sen. . . . 


1 1 





Mr. William Kenneway 


1 1 





Messrs. Clark & Mayne 


11 





Mr. William Kent . 


1 1 





Mr. Cross 


10 


6 


Mr. Kelley .... 


1 1 





Mr. Charlock .... 


10 


6 


Matthew Lee, Esq. . 


5 5 





Mr. Coffin, Jr. ... 


10 


6 


Mrs. Lee .... 


2 2 





Mr. Thomas Coffin . . 


10 


.6 


Mrs. Lavington . . 


1 1 





Miss Coffin .... 


5 


3 


Mr. William Luke . 


10 


6 



424 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Capt. Luke .... 
Mr. John Luke . . 
Mr. Luseombe, Sr. . 
Mr. Humph. Mortimore 
Mr. Samuel Milford . 
Mr. Mandrott . . . 
The Rev. Dr. Musgrave 
Dr. Musgrave, M. D. 
Mrs. Katharine Moore 
The Rev. Mr. Moore 
Mr. Killow Nation . 
Mr. James Newman . 
Mr. Ogburn .... 
Mr. Samuel Parminter 
Mrs. Praed ... 
Mr. John Vowler Par- 



minter 



Mrs. Pope (widow) . 
Mr Joseph Pope . 
Mrs. Parminter . . 
Mr. Benjamin Peckford 
Mr. John Phillips . 
Mr. Matthew A. Paul 
Mr. William Pittfield 
Mr. Robert Prudom 
Mr. Pengelly . . . 
Paddington Meeting 
The Rev. Mr. Chancel- 
lor Quick . . . 
Mr. John Reed . , 
Mrs. Ridler . . . 
Mr. Reeves . . . 
Mrs. Stockes, by the 

Rev. Mr. Towgood 
Mr. Thomas Smith . 
Mr. Samuel Short . 
The two Miss Shepherds 
Mr. John Stoodley . 
Mr. John Stephens . 
Mr. Charles Stoodley 
Mr. George Sealey . 
Mr. John Shorland . 
John Shapley, Esq. . 
Mr. Joshua Saunders 
Mr. Edward Score . 
Mr. Samuel Sweetings 
Mr. Strong. . . . 
Mr. Spry .... 

S. C 

Mr. Sams .... 
Mrs. Skinner . . . 
Mr. Jonathan Tucker 
The Rev. Mr. Stephen 
Mr. William Tucker 
Towgood . . . 
Miss Townsends 



10 6 
10 6 



10 
1 1 



1 1 
1 1 
1 1 

1 1 
10 
11 

2 2 
1 1 

5 
5 5 



2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

10 

10 

1 19 



3 3 

2 2 

2 2 

2 2 



3 12 



2 2 

1 11 6 

1 1 

4 



16 



1 
1 
1 



10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

1 

2 6 
2 2 

1 11 6 

1 1 
110 



Messrs. Tozer and Da- 
vis 

The Rev. Mr. Tozer . 

The Rev. Mr. Micajah 
Towgood .... 

Mr. Tanner .... 

Mrs. Mary Trowbridge 

The Rev. Mr. Turner . 

Mr. Tucker .... 

Mr. Henry Tarrant . . 

The Rev. Mr. Tarrant . 

Unknown, per Rev. Mr. 
Towgood .... 

Ditto, per ditto . . . 

Mrs. Vowler .... 

Unknown 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Ditto, per Mrs. Pope . 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Ditto, per Mr. Morris . 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Ditto 

John Waldron, Esq. . 

Mr. John Waymouth . 

Mr. Henry Waymouth 

Mr. Samuel Waymouth 

Mrs. Mary Waymouth 

Miss Waymouth . . . 

Mrs. Sarah Waymouth 

Mr. Benjamin Withers 

Mr. Joshua William, Sr. 

Mr. Joshua William, Jr. 

James White, Esq. . . 

Mr. Franklin Waldron 

Mr. Thomas Williams 

Mrs. Whites . . . 

Mr. Edward White . 

Collected at the New 
Meeting .... 

Ditto at Bow . . . 

Ditto at the Rev. Mr, 
William's . . . 

Ditto at Rev. Mr. Lewis 

Ditto at the New Bap 
tist Meeting . . 



EVERSDEN 

Collected at the Rev 
Mr. Bond's ... 



1 1 
1 1 



1 1 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

6 9 

5 3 



3 12 
2 2 



10 6 
6 9 



1 7 

1 7 

1 7 

1 1 

10 

1 1 

1 1 

1 1 

10 

10 



1 10 



25 8 5^ 

19 9 9| 

5 17 5^ 

3 17 9 

3 16 6 



3 17 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



425 



EVERSHAM, IN WORCESTERSHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Cardale's ... 4 11 21 
Rev. Mr. Cardale . . 2 2 



FROOME, IN SOMERSETSHIRE. 



Mr. T. Biinn . . . 


. 5 5 





Mr. Smith .... 


. 4 4 





Mr. and Mrs. Bayley 


. 2 2 





Mr. Walter Sheppard 


• 2 2 





Mr. William Sheppard 


. 2 2 





Mr. John Allen . . 


. 2 2 





Mr. Mortimer's* House 


. 2 2 





The Rev. Mr. Housdor 







Mr. Burril .... 







Mrs. Sheppard . . 







Mr. Z. Bailey . . 







Mr. Handcock . . 







Mrs. Handcock . . 







The Rev. Mr. Clarke 







Mrs. Pritchard . . 







Mr. Henry Allen . . 







Mr. Matthews . . 







Mr. Dan. and Mrs. Le 






titia Wayland . . . 







Mr. J. Allen and Mrs. 






Rachel Tymball . . 







Mr. Henry Sheppard 


10 


6 


Mrs. Lacey . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Griffith . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Ames 


10 


6 


Mr. James Jordan . 


10 


6 


Mr. Benjamin Ball . 


10 


6 


Some Silver . . . . 


12 


6 


The Rev. Mr. Kinordon 


1 1 





Collected 'at the Rev. 






Mr. Kingdon's . . . 


18 18 


6 


The Rev. Mr. Sedge- 






field 


2 2 





Collected at the Rev. 






Mr. Sedgefield's . . 


12 16 


6 


FARNHAM, IN SU 


RREY. 




Rev. Mr. John Wig- 






more 


10 


6 


Unknown 


10 


6 



FOLKSTONE, IN KENT. 



Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Whitehead's . . 



13 6 6 



GLOUCESTER. 

Alderman Harris and 

Friends 7 7 

Esquire Wade ... 220 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Dickinson's . . 13 14 3 
Ditto at the Rev. IMr. 

N.Phene's .... 52 6 9 
Sent afterwards by Rev. 

Mr. Phene .... 2170 



GLASTONBURY, IN SOMERSET- 
SHIRE. 



The Rev. Mr. Phillips 



1 1 



GOSPORT, IN HANTS. 

Mr. Robert Waller . . 5 5 

The Rev. Mr. Williams 1 1 
Collected at the .Rev. 

]\ir. Williams' ... 39 4 2 

GILDERSOM. 

The "kev. Mr. Ash- 
worth's Collection . 4 

GUILDFORD, IN SURREY. 



Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Chamberlain's . 



1 18 



GODALMING IN SURREY. 

The Rev. Mr. Ring . 110 
Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Ring's .... 230 

GRAVESEND, IN KENT. 

Collected by Mr. Oc- 
com at the Meetino; . Ill 31 



HITCHIN, IN HERTFORDSHIRE. 

John Radcliffe, Esq. 
Miss Ann Ireland 
Mr. Brown . . . 
Mr. Simson . . . 
Mr. John Dearmer . 
The Rev. Mr. Hickman 
Mr. Vincent . . . 
Mr. John Dermer . 
Mr. Thomas Dermer 



. 5 


5 





. 5 


5 





. 5 


5 





. 4 


4 





. 4 


4 





n 3 


3 





3 


3 





. 3 


3 





. 3 


3 






426 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Mr. Richard Tristam 


3 3 





Mr. John Gutherage 


3 3 





Mr. William Wiltshire 






Jr 


3 3 





The Rev. Mr. W. . . 


2 2 





Mr. John Stephens . 


2 2 





Mr. John Goodwyn . 


. 2 2 





Mrs. Brown . . . 







Mr. John Creasey . 







Mr. Isaac Field . . 







Mr. Philip Rudd . 







Mr. Hide .... 







Miss Sukey Field . 







Mr. William Childs . 







Mr. Moore .... 







Mr. Thomas Baldock 


15 


9 


Mrs. Flack .... 


10 


6 


Unknown .... 


10 


6 


Mr. Henry Croesy . 


10 


6 


Mrs. Wiltshire . . 


10 


6 


Mr. John Newman . 


10 


6 


Mr. Patternoster . . 


10 


6 


Mrs. Warby . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. William Crawley 


10 


6 


Miss Sally Smith . 


5 


3 


Collected at the Rev 






Mr. Hickman's . . 


13 7 


^ 


Collected at the Rev 






Mr. James' . . . 


84 


7 


HULL BISHO 


PS. 




The Rev. Mr. Haskell 


1 1 





Mrs. Downing . . . 


10 


6 


Thomas Drake, Esq. 


10 


6 


Mr. Robert Daw . . 


5 






HALL STOCK. 

Collected by Mr. Oc- 



com 



15 9 



HARBOROUGH, IN LEICESTER- 
SHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Addington's . . 28 1 6 

HOOKNORTON. 

The Rev. Mr. Whitmore 2 3 

HAWORTH. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Hartley's . . . 12 6 5^ 



HALLIFAX, IN YORKSHIRE. 



Dr. Leigh, Vicar . . 
Collected of the people 

of the Established 

Church .... 
Mr. John Lea . , . 
Mr. Benj. Dickinson 
Mr. Jeremiah Marshall 
Mr. James Kershaw . 
Mr. David Stansfield 
Mr. AVilliam Buck . 
Mr. Joseph Hollings 
Collected at Hallifax 

Meeting .... 
Collected at the Rev, 

Mr. Knight's . . 



10 10 



13 18 





3 3 





2 2 





2 2 





2 2 





2 2 





2 2 





1 1 






10 13 6 



4 4 81 



HECKMONDWAKE. 

Rev. Mr. James Scott . 5 5 

Mr. John Priestly, Sr. . 5 5 

Mr. Joseph Priestley . 5 5 

Mr. William Priestley . 5 5 

By Sundry Persons . . 1 16 6 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Scott's . . . . 16 3 4^ 



HULL, IN YORKSHIRE. 



The Corporation of Hull 

The Corporation of the 

Trinity House, at 

Hull ...... 

Alderman Watson & Son 
Alderman Wilberforce 
Alderman Cogan . . 
Robert Wilberforce, Esq. 
William Thornton, Esq 
H. Etherington, Esq. 
Joseph Sykes, Esq. . 
Mr. P. Green . . . 
Joseph Pease, Esq. . 
The Rev. Mr. Arthur 

Robinson, Vicar . 
Cornelius Cayley, Esq. 
Benjamin Blaydes, Esq 
Nathaniel Maisters, Esq 
Mr. Robert Macfarland 
Mrs. Frances Wilkinson 
Mrs. Jane Wilkinson 
Mr. Richard Moxon, etc 
The Rev. Mr. Clarke 
Gardner Egginton, Esq 
Mr. Spivie .... 

Mr. Hickson . . . 



21 



21 

10 10 

10 10 

5 5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

4 

3 



DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



42T 



Mrs. Hannah Hall . 
Peter Thornton, Esq. 
A Providential Guinea 
Mrs. Ann Thompson 
IVIrs. Lydia Finley . 
Collected at the Rev 

Mr. Burnet's . . . 
Collected at the Rev 

Mr. Beverly's . . . 



1 1 

1 1 

1 1 

10 6 

5 



24 



17 



HADLEY, IN SUFFOLK. 

13 2 1 



Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Tom's . . . . 



HALSTEAD, IN ESSEX. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Field's .... 23 9 

HEMPSTEAD IN HERTFORDSHIRE. 



Dr. Wiltshire . . . 
The Rev. Mr. Jones 
The Rev. Mr. White 

head, etc. . . -. 
The Rev. Dr. Sterling 
Rich. Richardson, Esq. 
Mr. Collett .... 
Mr. Squires . . . 
Mr. Dearmer . . . 
Rev. Mr. Hews, Curate 
Collected at the Rev 

Mr. Jones' . . . 



10 10 

2 2 

1 11 6 

1 1 

1 1 

1 1 

10 6 

10 6 

2 6 



11 5 1 



HIGH WICKHAM, IN BUCKINGHAM- 
SHIRE. 



Mr. Carter .... 
The Rev. ^h. Smithson 
Mrs. Price .... 
Mr. Allnut and Children 
Mr. Edmund Ball . 
Mr. Hartley's Family 
Mr. Haydon . . . 
Mr. Shrimpton . . 
Mr. John Hollis . . 
Mr. Hannon . . . 
JMrs. Aldersey . . . 
Mrs. Salter .... 
Mr. Grove .... 
Mr. Blackwell . . 
Mrs. Ives .... 
The Rev. Mr. Llewelhn 

Clergyman . . . 
Mrs. Galpin . . . 



8 3 
3 3 
2 12 
2 12 
2 2 





6 
6 

2 
2 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 



1 
1 



Mrs. Kiddle 
Mr. Crouch 
Mrs. Gibbons 
Mr. Goodwin 
Mr. Doney . 
Mr. Lee 
Collected at the 
Mr. Smithson's 



Rev 



10 


6 


10 


6 


10 


6 


10 


6 


10 


6 


5 


3 



HENLEY. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Gainsborough's . 



7 Hi 



8 14 10^ 



HORSHAM, IN SUSSEX. 

:Mr. Thos. Shelley, Jr. . 110 

Mrs. Shelley .... 10 6 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Thomas' ... 3170 
Collected at the Baptist 

Meeting 14 

HYTHE, IN KENT. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Clarke's ... 790 

Rev. Mr. Smith, Clergy- 
man 10 6 

HERTFORD. 

From an Unknown 

Friend, by Rev. Mr. 

Saunders .... 550 

Mr. Isaac Rudd ... 220 

Mr. Thomas Jeeves . . 2 2 

Dr. Samuel Rogers . . 2.20 
Mrs. Whittenburg and 

Children 2 2 

Mrs. Upton and Children 2 2 

Mr. Sprat 2 2 

Richard Isles, Esq. . . 2 2 

Miss Isles 2 2 

Mrs. Dimsdale ... 220 

Mrs. Came 2 2 

Mrs. Chamberlain . . 110 

Mrs. Gatward .... 110 

Mrs. Haynes .... 110 

Mrs. Man 110 

Mr. Lawrence . . . 

Mr. Rackstraw . . . 

Mr. Haynes .... 

Mr. Benjamin Young . 

Mr. Worsley .... 110 

]\Ir. John Flack ... 110 



1 

1 

1 

1 



428 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Mr. Thomas Plows . 
Mr. John Page . . 
Mr. Samuel Saunders 
Miss Martha East . 
Mrs. Hanscombe . . 
]\Ir. John Harrod 
Rev. Mr. John Saunders 
Mr. J. Wood . . . 
Collected at the Rev 
Mr. Saunders' . . 



10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
1 1 
10 



20 11 9 



IPSWICH, IN SUFFOLK. 

Mr. John Barnard . . 4 4 

Mr. John Flindall . . 4 4 

Mr. John Turner . . 3 3 

Miles Wallis, Esq. . . 3 3 

Mr. George Nolcut . . 2 2 
Messrs. John and Jos. 

Flindall 2 2 

Mr. Ralph Hare ... 220 

Mr. John May Dring . 2 2 

Mr. John Scott ... 273 
Mr. Daniel Wade and 

two Sisters .... 220 

Unknown 1 12 6 

Mr. Ralph 110 

Mr. Ralph's Sister . . 10 6 

Mr. George Death . . 110 

Mr. Abbot 110 

Mrs. Abbot .... 110 

Mr. Philip Dikes . . 110 

Mr. Joseph Byles . . 110 

Mr. J. Hall .... 110 

Mr. Paul Smith ... 110 

Mr. John Beardwell . 110 

Mr. Robert Sporle . . 110 

Mr. AVilliam Clarke , . 110 

Mrs. Clark 10 6 

The Rev. IVIr. Scott . 10 6 

Rev. Mr. Lathbury . 5 8 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Edward's ... 33 8 6 

KINGSBRIDGE. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Curtis' .... 12 

KETTERING, IN NORTHAMPTON- 
SHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Boyce's ... 20 7 8 
From several of Mr. 

Boyce's people . . 6 6 9 



Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Browne's . . 3 13 6 

From Rev. Mr. Matlock 14 6 

Mr. Buswall .... 20 

KIDDERMINSTER, IN WORCESTER- 
SHIRE. 



The Rev. Mr. Fawcett, 

in Books . . . , 
Mr. John Watson . 
Mr. John Broome and 

Son . . . . , 
Messrs. Cranes . ■ 
Mr. Joseph Austin . 
Messrs. John & Francis 

Lea ..... 
Mr. Nich. Pearsall and 

Son 

Mr. Jefferys and Son 
Mrs. Longmore . . 
Mr. Henry Penn . . 
Mrs. Bate .... 
Mr. Nicholas Penn . 
Mr. John Symonds . 
Mr. Francis Best 
The Rev. Mr. Orton 
Dr. Johnstone . . 
Mr. Thomas Richardson 
Mr. Samuel Read . 
Mr. Talbutt . . . 
Mr. John Wilkinson 
Mrs. Aaron . . . 
Mr. John Butler . . 
Mr. John Pearsall . 
Mr. John Baker . . 
Mr. John Lea . . . 
Mr. Benjamin Lea . 
]\Ir. Harper . . . 
Mr. Hanbury . . . 
Mr. Hornblower . . 
Mr. James Hill . . 
Mr. John Richardson 
Mr. John Cooper 
Mr. John Wright . 
Mr. Broom, Sr. . . 
Miss Symonds . . 
By Sundry Persons . 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Fawcett's . . 

KEPPIN. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Whitford's . . 



10 10 

10 10 

10 10 

10 10 

6 6 

5 5 



5 

4 

4 

3 

6 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 
11 
11 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

10 6 
14 2 6 



21 4 7^ 



6 17 8 



DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



429 



KEIGHLEY. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Neil's .... 550 



LUTON, IN HERTFOKDSHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Hall's .... 67 



LUTTERWORTH, IN LEICESTER- 
SHIRE. 

Collected at Rev. Messrs. 

Do wley and Kidman's 16 15 2 

LIVERPOOL, IN LANCASHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Johnson's . . . 16 10 7 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Wesley's ... 880 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Endfield's ... 15 1 o: 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Hall's . . . . 11 13 4 
Collected by Sundries . 9 6 

LEEDS, IN YORKSHIRE. 

Lady Margaret Ingham 5 5 

Mrs. Medhurst ... 550 

Mr. C. Barnard, in Tes- 
taments 4 4 

Collected at the Rev. 

IMr. John Edwards' . 15 3 101 

Collected by the Rev. 
Mr. Thomas Whit- 
taker 14 14 

Collected by the Rev. 
Mr. Wesley's People 8 16^ 

LINTON, IN CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 

Mr. Haylock .... 1 11 6 

Mr. Barker .... 10 6 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Curtis's ... 521 



LEWES, IN SUSSEX. 

Collected of Sundries 
and at Rev. Mr. John- 
son's 20 4 lOf 



^LONG MILFORD. 

Henry Moore, Esq. . . 6 6 
Hon. Wm. Campbell, 

Esq 5 5 

Robert Cook, Esq. . . 3 3 

William Jennings, Esq. 3 3 

Kedington, Esq. . 116 

Mrs. Bradley .... 110 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Hubbard's . . 1117 10 



MINCHIN HAMPTON, IN GLOUCES- 
TERSHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Francis* ... 5106 

M. H. ...... 10 6 

Mr. William Innell . . 10 6 

Mrs. Fuller .... 50 

MODBURY. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Moore's ... 3 14 1 

MARTOCK. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Baker's ... 431 

MILBORNE PORT. 

Collected by Mr. Scott . 2 15 6 

MORLEY. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Morgan's ... 800 

MELBORN, IN CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 

Mr. Forster .... 110 
Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Cooper's . . . 14 9 3f 

MARGATE, IN KENT. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Purchase's . . 4 13 8 

MAIDSTONE, IN KENT. 

Mrs. Prosper .... 550 
ThetwoMrs.Maynard's 3 12 
The two Miss Todds . 3 3 



430 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Mrs. Travers . . 

Dr. Milner . . . 

Mr. FuUagar . . 

Mr. Wicking . . 

Mr. Sawkins . . 

Mr. Beal Boreman 

Mrs. Heath. . . 

Mrs. Savage . . 

Mrs. Polhill . . 

Mrs. Sharp . . 

Mr. Prentice . . 

Mr. Winter . . 

Mr. Pierce . . . 

Mr. Joseph Harris 

Mr. Jesser . . . 

Mr. Dawson . . 

Mrs. Dean . . . 

Messrs. Knowlden 
Blythe . . . 

Mr. Bleigh . . . 

Mr. Leicester . . 

Collected at the Kev 
Messrs. Lewis', Jen- 
kins', and Wyethe's 

Collected by Mr. Oc 



3 3 
2 2 
2 2 
2 2 
2 2 
1 11 
1 11 
1 1 



MORPETH. 



NEWPORT, IN THE ISLE OF WIGHT 



Thomas Urry, Esq. 
Mr. Kirkpatrick . 
Dr. Cook . . . 
Mr. Sharp . . . 
Mrs. Trattle . . 
Mr. Stephen Leigh 
The Rev. Mr. Sturch 



1 13 

10 

10 

4 9 



9 6 
5 3 
2 6 



17 9 
7 18 9^ 

1 1 



Unknown 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Trotter's . . . 12 11 3^ 

NEWTON ABBOTT. 

Rev. Mr. Peter Fabian 110 
The Rev. Mr. Hewgo, 

Curate of Newton . 10 6 

Mr. Joseph Tozer . . 2 2 
Mr. Samuel Flammark . 110 
Mr. Joseph Westcott . 1 
Mr. John Matthews . . 11 
Mr. John Tozer and 

Family .... 
Mr. William Flammark 
Mrs. Mary Matthews 
Sundries .... 



1 11 
1 1 



Mr. Richard Cooke . 







Mr. Thomas Cooke . 







Mr. Temple . . . 







Mr. John Clarke . . 







The Rev. Mr. Atkins 







Mr. Till 







Mr. Brown . . . 







Counsellor White . 







Mr. Holliere . . . 







Mrs. Whitehead . . 







Farmer Cook . . . 







Mr. Douglas . . . 







Mr. Caleb Cook . . 







Dr. Cowlam . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Upward . . . 


10 


6 


Messrs. Lucas & Hol- 






lier 


10 


6 


Captain Pike . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Nichols . . . 


. 10 


6 


Mr. Wilson . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. John Taylor . . 


10 


6 


Rev. Mr, Edwards . 


10 





Sundry persons . . . 


1 2 


3 


Collected at the Rev. 






Mr. Atkins' . . . 


7 8 lOi 


Sent afterwards by Mr 






Kirkpatrick . . . . 


18 1 


6 



NORTHAMPTON. 

Rev. Mr. Ryland . . 110 

Joseph Churchill, Esq. 110 

Mr. Edward Whitton . 10 6 

The Rev. Mr. Timms . 5 3 

Mr. Dicey 5 3 

Mr. Win 4 6 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Rylands . . . 20 11 8i 
Ditto at the Rev. Mr. 

Hextal's 24 3 

NOTTINGHAM. 

Collected at Rev. 

Messrs. Sloss' and 

Allistone's . . . . 41 15 9 
Capt. Scott .... 110 
Collected of Rev. Mr. 

Wesley's people, by 

ditto 2 11 8^ 

Collected of Dr. Eaton's 

people 

Mr. Fellows .... 220 
Mrs. Burden .... 110 
Mr. Immings .... 110 
Mr. Benj. Bull and Son 1 1 



DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 



431 



Mr. Seagrage . . . . 


1 1 





Alderman Hornbuccle . 


1 1 





Mr. Foxcroft . . . 


. 1 1 





Mr. J. Buxton . . 


10 


6 


Mr. AVilkinson . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Stubbins . . . 


10 


6 


By Sundries . . . 


1 


6 



NEWCASTLE-UNDER-LINE. 



Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Willotts . . . 



8 5 



NAMPTWICH, IN CHESHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Haughton's . . 8 3 9 

NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. 

Mayor and Corporation 21 

Sir Walter BlackQtt . 10 10 

Collected of Sundries . 3 8 

Cookson, Esq. . . 5 5 

Joseph Ord, Esq. . . 4 4 

Mr. Airy 2 2 

Unknown 110 

Messrs. Widdrington & 

Gibbons 110 

Dr. Stoddart, etc. . . 16 6 
Mr. Donoldson . . .110 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Lowthian's . . 21 4 llj 
Ditto at Rev. Mr. Ogil- 

vie's ...... 15 15 

Ditto at Rev. Mr. Shields 15 4 3^ 
Ditto at the Rev. Mr. 

Richardson's ... 3 18 8 
Ditto at Rev. Mr. At- 
kins' 13 10 

Ditto at Rev. Mr. Mur- 
ray's 23 3 

Ditto by the Rev. Mr. 

Wesley 6 3 1 

Ditto by Rev. Mr. Peel, 

of Hexham .... 2 18 
Ditto, and paid into the 

Bank 3 6 6 

NORWICH, IN NORFOLK. 

Mr. Mayor 110 

John Ruggles, Esq. . . 5 5 

Mr. John Scott & Sons 5 5 

Mr. Wm. Barnet & Son 4 4 

Mr. Thomas Paul . . 3 3 



Rev. Mr. Tapps, Curate 

of St. George's . 
Rev. Mr. Philip Pyle 
Rev. Dr. Wood . . 
Dr. Peck .... 
Alderman Crowe 
Alderman Woods . 
Aldermen" Ives and 

Jeves 

Alderman Rogers . 
Mr. Lincoln . . . 
Messrs. Day and Watts 
Mr. John Woodrow 
Mr. Jeremiah Pestle 
•Charles Weston, Esq. 
Mr. Claxton Smith . 
Mr. Stephen Gardiner 
Philip Stannard, Esq. 
Mrs. Corsbie . . . 
Mr. Baldy and others 
Mr. Patterson and Sis 



ter 

Rev. Mr. Burcham . 
Mrs. Cubit .... 
Mr. Robert Sewell . 
Mr. William Firth . 
Mr. Hinsman . . . 
Capt. Smith . . . 
Mr. Thomas Harvey 
Mr. John Ives . . . 
Mr. Sidley Reymes . 
Mr. James Wheeler 
Mr. Gimmingham . 
Mr. John Reymes . 
Mr. Hopson . . . 
Messrs. Smith & Barlow 
Rev. Dr. Newton 
Mr. Beardman 
Mr. Partridge . . 
Mrs. Pie (10s. 6d.) and 

others ..... 
Mr. Whinnard . , 
Mr. Ferguson . . 
Mr. Ollyett . . 
Mr. Wiggit . . . 
Mr. Shalders . . 
Mr. Beavers . . 
Collected at the Rev. 

Dr. Wood's Chapel 
Alderman Marsh 
Samuel AViggett, Esq. 
Mr. James Tompson 
Mr. Coldham . . . 
Mr. Bay ley ... 
Mr. William Taylor 
Peter Finch, Esq. . 



2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 



11 6 



32 



1 



1 

1 9 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 



1 6 
3 3 
3 3 

3 

2 
2 
2 
2 



432 



DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Mr. William Carter . . 


2 2 





NORTH ORAM 






Mr. Na smith .... 


2 2 











Mr. William Fell . . 







Mrs. Horton .... 


1 1 





Rev. Mr. John Hoyle . 







Mrs. Wainhouse . . 


10 


6 


The Rev. Mr. Bruckner 







Mrs. Holmes .... 


10 


6 


Mr. Charles Marsh . . 







Collected at the Rev. 






Dr. Manning .... 







Mr. Hesketh's . . . 


3 


3 


Mr. James Smith, Sen. 













Mr. Philip Taylor . . 







OLNEY AND NEVS^PORT. 




Mr. Charles Dalrymple 













Mr. Wright Smith . . 







Collected at the Rev. 






Mr. Martineau . . . 







Mr. Drake's . . . 


9 4 


7 


Mr. John Baldy . . . 







The Rev. Mr. Bull . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Peter Fromow . . 













Mr. James Barrow . . 







OXFORD, ETC. 






Mrs. Chamberlain . . 













Miss Pointer .... 







From Merton College . 


5 5 





Mrs. Lessingham . . 







The Rev. Mr. Kilner . 


1 1 





Mr. Thomas Newman . 







The Rev. Mr. Stilling- 






Mrs. Bird 







fleet 


1 1 





Mr. Frederick Friday . 


10 


6 


The Rev. Mr. Blaney . 


1 1 





Mr. J. Trull .... 


5 


3 


Mrs. Kent 


2 2 





Miss Lincolnes . . . 


5 


3 


Mr. Archdale Rook . . 


1 1 





Mr. Christopher New- 






Mr. Thomas Plater . . 


1 1 





man 


5 





Mr. William Fox . . 


1 11 


6 


Mrs. Newman .... 


5 





Mr. Samuel Fox . . . 


1 11 


6 


Collected at the Rev. 






Mrs. Prime .... 


5 


3 


Mr. Hoyle's Chapel . 


8 11 


H 


Collected at Burford, 






Collected at the Rev. 






per Mr. Darby . . 


1 9 


1 


Mr. Fisher's Chapel . 


5 18 





Ditto at Whitnev, per 












ditto ...... 


1 10 





NAYLAND. 






OSSET. 






Collected at the Rev. 
]Mr. Bloomfield's . . 


6 13 


2 


Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Haggerstone's . 


4 15 


6. 


NEWBERRY, IN BERKSHIRE. 




OAKHAM, IN RUTLANDSHIRE 


. 


Rev. Mr. Reader . . . 


2 2 





Collected at the Rev. 






Mr. Merriman . . . 
Rev. Mr. Penrose, 


2 2 





Mr. Banting's . . . 


3 6 


2 


Mayor, etc 


2 2 











From Sundries . . . 


9 10 





PLYMOUTH, IN DEVONSHIRE 




Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Reader's . . . 
Ditto at the Rev. Mr. 

Lewis' 


6 17 
1 3 



6 


Mr. William Kingdom . 
Mr. William Sheppard 
Mr. John Bayley . . 
Mr. William Clarke . 


10 10 
5 5 
5 5 
5 5 














Mr. William Deane . . 


5 5 





NORTH SHIELDS 






Rev. Mr. Zachary 












Mudge 


2 2 





Mr. Pearson .... 


1 1 





Mr. Culme 


2 2 





Collected at the Rev. 






Mr. John Jones . . . 


2 2 





Mr. Rae's . ... 


8 


6 


Messrs. William and 






Collected at the Rev. 






Philip Cookworthy . 


2 2 





Mr. Dean's .... 


8 3 


4 


Mr. Mignam ..... 


2 2 






DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



433 



Mr. John Fox and Son 


2 2 





IMr. John Collier . 


10 


6 


Mr. Francis Cock . . 


2 2 





Mr. Samuel Champion 10 


6 


Mr. Henry Pitt Sutton 


2 2 





Mr. How .... 


10 


6 


Mr. Joseph Squire . . 


2 2 





Mr. J. Symonds . . 


10 


6 


Mr. John Harris . . . 


2 2 





Mr. Joseph Pearce 


10 


6 


Mr. AVilliam Batt . . 


2 2 





Mr. Freeman . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Connell .... 


2 2 





]\Ir. Husbands . . 


10 


6 


Mrs. Holdens .... 


1 6 


3 


Mr. John Wallis . 


10 


6 


Mr. William PhilUps, 






Dr. Scott . . . 


10 


6 


Mayor 







Mrs. Fuge . . . 


10 


6 


Kev. Mr. John Bedford 







Mr. Omony . . 


10 


6 


Mr. George Leach . . 







Mr. Perry . . . 


. . 10 


6 


Major Yeo 







Mrs. Tope . . . 


10 


6 


Capt. B g . . . 







Mr. Putt . . . 


10 


6 


Dr. Huxham .... 







Mr. Henry Hewer 


. . 10 


6 


Dr. Mudge 







Mr. Burt . . . 


. . 10 


6 


Mr. Joseph Collier . . 







Unknown . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. John Browne . . 







Captain Sparks . 


10 


6 


Mr. Sugars 







Mr. Dunsterfield . 


. . 10 


6 


Mr. Frey ..... 







Mr. Carter . . . 


. . 10 


6 


Mr. Roger Trend . . 







Mrs. Dengey . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Charles Fox . . . 







Mr. James . . . 


. . 10 


6 


The Rev. Mr. Vivian . 







Mr. Lovell . . . 


. . 10 


6 


Mr. John Snook . . . 







Sundry persons . 


. . 2 19 


3 


Anthony Porter, Esq. . 







Ditto .... 


. . 2 14 


6 


Widow Elworthy . . . 







Ditto .... 


. . 2 4 


6 


Mr. William Pierce . . 







Ditto .... 


. . 1 10 


9 


The Rev. Mr. Julian . 







Ditto . .* . . 


. . 1 10 


6 


Mr. D. Jardine . . . 







Collected at the B 


lev. 




The Rev. Mr. Kinsman 







Mr. Mends' . 


. 15 15 


H 


Mrs. Ann Gwennap 







Collected at the P 


uev. 




Mr. Peter Bayley . . 







Mr. Rennel's . 


. . 9 15 





The Rev. IVIr. Gibbs . 







Ditto at the Tabernf 


icle 7 15 


8i 


Mrs. Loval .... 







Ditto at Rev. Mr. G 


ibbs' 4 18 


s' 


Mi's. Bickford .... 


19 


6 








Mr. Sherdevoyne . . 


13 





PLYMOUTH 


DOCK. 




The Rev. Mr. Dodge . 


10 


6 








Rev. Mr. Gandy . . . 


10 


6 


Hon. Commissioner] 


logers 5 5 





Rev. Mr. Lemoyae . . 


10 


6 


John Lloyd, Esq. 


..33 





Mr. Miotts, Jr. . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Blackmore . 


. 2 2 





Mr. Michael Nichols . 


10 


6 


Mr. Poleman . . 


..22 





Mr. P. Lyman . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Samuel Young 


. 1 16 





Mr. George Perry . . 


10 


6 


Hon. Col. Burleigh 







Mr. Jacob Austin . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Philip Justice 







Mr. John Cock . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Ralph Paine 







Miss Jennys .... 


10 


6 


Dr. Vincent . . 







Mr. Stone . . . . . 


10 


6 


Madam Durrell . 







Mrs. Wilcocks .... 


10 


6 


Major Campbell . 







Mr. Bicknar .... 


10 


6 


Dr. Wolcombe . 







Mr. William Pearce, Jr. 


10 


6 


Dr. Colvil . . . 







Mr. Elias Romery . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Jane .... 







Mr. Erthur .... 


10 


6 


Mr. Heath . . . 







Julian, Esq. 


10 


6 


Rev. Mr. John Stoke 


s . 10 


6 


Mrs. Ellery .... 


10 


6 


Mr. Austin .... 




6 


Mr. J.Wills . . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Moore .... 




6 


J. Moorshead, Esq. . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Atkinson . . 




6 



28 



434 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Mr. Nicholas Mercator 

Mr. Williaui Grossman 

Mrs. Hooper . . 

Mrs. Spry . . . 

Mr. George Patrick 

Mr. James Howell 

Mr. Hinckstone . 

Mr. Matthew Watson 

Mr. John Scott . 

'Mr. Brooking . . 

Mr. James Helling 

Mr. Nash . . . 

Mr. John Row . 

Mr. Robert Jeffery 

Mr. William Phillips 

Mrs. Dillon. . . 

Mrs. Ivey . . . 

Mr. P. Langmaid . 

Mr. Rodds . . . 

Mrs. Mary Bennett 

Mr. Lawrence Rowe 

Captain of Marines 

Mr. Weggan . . 

Mr. Mullis . . . 

Mr. May . . . 

JMi'. Harding . . 

Mr. Baron . . . 

Mr. Jeft'ery . . . 

Mr. Lampen . . 

Mr. Weston . . 

'Mr. Hatcher . . 

Mr. Yeo. . . . 

Mr. John Linzee . 

Mr. Robert Bennett 

Unknown . . . 

Sundry persons . 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr.Whitefield'sTab 
ernacle .... 

Ditto at Rev. Mr. Wes- 
ley's . . . , 



10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 



10 6 



10 
10 
10 
10 



10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

4 5 

17 3 
8 9 



22 
4 17 



STONEHOUSE (A PARISH BETWEEN 
PLYMOUTH AND THE DOCK). 

Madam Farr .... 110 

Mr. Marshal .... 110 

Mr. Bogus 10 6 

Caphiin Ball .... 10 6 

Mr. Gillard .... 10 6 

Mr. Binney and Ban wick 10 6 



POOL, IN DORSETSHIRE. 



Mr. Samuel Clark . 
Mrs. Green . . . 
Mr. Pike .... 
Mr. Joliff and Ladies 
Rev. IMr. Nairn, Rector 
Mr. Sutton . . 
Mr. John Green . 
Mr. Bird . . . 
Mr. Hyde . . . 
Mr. George Milner 
Mr. D. Durrell . 
Mr. George Olive 
Mr. Martin Kemp 
Miss Frances Welch 
Mr. Miller .... 
Mrs. Elizabeth Pike 
Mr. Bayly, Mrs. Pain 

and Mrs. Campbell 
Rev. Mr. Ashburner 
Mr. Sherran . . . 
Mr. James Bristowe . 
Mr. Budden . . . 
Mr. J. Budden . . 
Mr. G. Durrell . . 
Mr. Tito Durrell . . 
Mrs. Oliver, Sen. 

Mrs. Oliver, Jr. . 
Mr. Thomas Stephens 
Mr. Farr Strong . . 
Mrs. Thompson . . 
Mrs. Haseldon . . 
Mr. Frith .... 
Mr. John Bird . . 
Mr. William Taverner 
Mr. John Sweetland 
Mrs. Mary Linthorn 
Mr. Richard Rix . . 
Mr. Basset .... 
Mrs. Jollifl* .... 
Mr. J. Stodely . . 
Mrs. Elizabeth Christian 
Mr. Lacey . . 
Mr. Spurrier . 
Sundry Persons 
Collected at the 

Mr. Howell's 
Collected at the 

Mr. Ashburner' 



and 



Rev 
Rev, 



5 5 

3 3 

3 3 

11 

1 



1 



1 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 



15 

10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 



10 6 
10 6 



5 
5 
5 
5 
2 
2 
2 17 



7 18 6 
7 6^ 



PORTSMOUTH, IN HANTS. 

Mr. William Pike . . 10 10 
The Rev. Mr. Walter, 

Chaplain to the Dock 10 6 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



435 



Collected at the Kev. 






Sundry Persons un- 






JVIr. Wren's .... 


25 11 


4 


known .... 
Collected at the Rev. 


1 11 


6 


PORTSMOUTH COMMON. 




Mr. Samuel's . . 


11 4 


9 








Collected at the Rev 






Mr. Pierson .... 


2 2 





Mr. Finch's . . . 


3 3 





Mr. Whitewood & Un- 






. 






known 


1 1 





RINGWOOD, IN HANTS. 




Mr. Millard .... 


10 


6 








Mr. Daniel Hayward . 


10 


6 


Mr. N n . . . 


5 5 





Mr. Thomas Symms 


10 


6 


Collected at the Rev 






Collected at the Rev. 






Messrs. "Wright's and 






Mr. Lacey's .... 


5 5 


9 


Horsey's . . . 


16 2 





Collected at the Taber- 












nacle 


4 2 10^ 


ROTHWELL, IN NORTHUMBER 


- 








LAND. 






PERSHORE, IN WORCESTERSHIRE. 


Collected at the Rev 






Mr. Samuel Rickards . 


1 1 





Moses Gregson's . 


16 15 





Mr. James Rickards . 


1 1 











The Rev. Mr. Dark . . 


10 


6 


RAWDON. 






The Rev. IVIr. Real . . 
The Rev. Mr. Ash . . 
Mr. Smith 


10 

10 

5 


6 
6 



Collected at the Rev 
Mr. Aulton's . . 


. 11 15 


6 


Collected at the Rev. 












Mr. Ash's .... 


7 7 


6 


ROTHERHAM, IN YORKSHIRE 










Collected at the Rev 






PUDSEY. 






Mr. Thorp's, and the 
Rev. Mr. Moult' s . 


21 18 


9- 


The Rev. Mr. Wainman 


1 1 





A Private Benefaction 






Unknown 


2 


6 


sent by Rev. Mr 












Moult 


1 1 





PINNER. 












Collected at the Rev. 






ROYSTON, IN HERTFORDSHIRE. 


Mr. Madgwick's . . 


10 1 


9 


Mrs. Ward .... 


. 4 4 











Mr. Edward Fordham 


. 2 2 





RUMSEY, IN HANTS. 




Mr. John Fordham . 


. 2 2 











Mr. Joseph Forster . 


. 1 6 





The Rev. Mr. J. Samuel 







Mr. George Fordham 


1 11 


6 


Mr. John Comley . . 


1 11 


6 


Mr. Coxall .... 


. 1 11 


6 


Mr. Thomas Comley . 


1 11 


6 


Mr. Butler .... 







Mrs. Comley .... 







Mrs. Beldham . . 







Mr. Tarver 


1 11 


6 


Mrs. Wright . . . 







Mr. Clement Sharp, Sen. 







Mr. John Phillips 







Mr. Clement Sharp, Jr. 







Mr. John Newling . 







Mr. Madgwicke . . . 







Mrs. Coxall . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Newman .... 







Mr. Philips . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Bernard .... 







Mrs. Beldham . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Waldron .... 







Collected at the Rev. 






Mr. Richard Sharpe. . 







IMr. Wells' . . . 


6 10 


1^ 


Mr. Fanner .... 













Mr. Newlands . . . 







READING, IN BERI 


CSHIRE. 




Mr. John Hewlett and 












Sisters 







The Mayor . . . 


1 1 





Mrs. Collier .... 







Rev. Mr. Merrick . 


1 1 






436 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Rev. Mr. Gamble . 







Rev. Mr. Noon . . 







Mr. Davidson . . . 







Mrs. King .... 







Mrs. Girl .... 







Mr. Harrison . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Willats . . . 


10 


6 


Mrs. Noon .... 


10 


6 


Unknown .... 


10 


6 


Collected at the Rev 






Mr. Noon's . . . 


. 13 11 


7- 


Collected at the Rev 






Mr. Armstrong's . 


. 7 2 


5 


A Clergyman and a per 






son unknown, by the 






Rev. IVir. Armstrong 


2 2 





RAMSGATE, IN THE 


ISLE OF 




THANET. 






Unknown .... 


5 





Mr. George Rainier 


2 2 





Mr. John Garret 


2 2 





The Rev. Mr. Bradbury 







Mr. Cornelius Friend 







IVIr. Daniel Friend . 







Mrs. Elizabeth anc 






Sarah Friend . . 







Mrs. Abbot . . . . 







IMr. Thomas Curling 







Mrs. Kemp . . . 







Unknown 







Mr. Small, Jr. . . 







Mr. Cracraft . . . 


10 


6 


Unknown .... 


10 


6 


Collected at the Rev. 






Mr. Bradbury's ,. . 


11 13 


H 



SAFFRON WALDEN, IN ESSEX. 

Collected at the Rev. 
IMr. Gwenap's . . . 70 10 

SOUTHWELL, IN HERTFORDSHIRE. 



Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Field's . . . , 



12 10 6 



SHIPTON MALLETT, IN SOMERSET- 
SHIRE. 



The Rev. Mr. Jellard 
Mrs. Stephenson . . 
Unknown .... 
Collected at the Rev, 
Mr. Jellard's . . 



2 2 

1 11 

10 



13 



SOUTH MOULTON, IN DEVONSHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Bishop's ... 550 

SALISBURY, IN WILTSHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Williams's . . 9 17 10 
Collected at the Rev. 

IVlr. Phillips' ... 206 

SHERBORNE, IN DORSETSHIRE. 

Mr. Samuel Foot . . 3 3 

Mr. Goadby .... 110 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Lewis's .... 15 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Thomas's ... 5179 

SOUTH PETHERTON, IN SOMER- 
SETSHIRE. 

Mr. Toller 1 16 

Masters John and 

Thomas ToUer . . 5 

Mr. Ostler 110 

Mr. Channing ... 110 

Mr. Anstice .... 110 
Messrs. Adams, Phillips, 

&Vaux 15 6 

Mr. Chapman .... 10 6 

Mr. Lock 10 6 

Sundry Persons ... 1 11 3 

Rev. Mr. Thomas . . 5 3 

The Rev. Mr. Kirkup . 10 6 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Kirkup's . . . 14 10 0^ 



SOUTHAMPTON, IN HANTS. 



Madame Rollestone . . 
Mr. Bartholomew Bray 
Mrs. & Miss Messer & 

Mr. Bulkley . . . . 
Rev. Mr. Rooke, V. of 

St. Michael's . . . 
Rev. Mr. Wm. Ejngs 

bury 

Mr. Walter Taylor . 
Mr. Taylor, Sen. . 
]Mr. Joseph Taylor . 

Norris, Esq. 

Mrs. Bissault . . . 
Mrs. Percival . . . 



10 10 
3 3 



2 12 6 



1 1 



DAETMOUTH COLLEGE. 



437 



Mr. Peter Bernard . 
Mr. Thomas Bernard 
Mrs. Bernard . . . 
Mr. Joseph Bernard 
Mrs. Raymond . . 
Mrs. Heekwich . . 
Unknown . . . 
Mrs. Forithorne . . 
Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Kingsbury's . , 



. 1 1 





. 1 1 





. 1 1 





10 


6 


10 


6 


10 


6 


10 


6 


2 


6 



9 10 



STOURBRIDGE, IN WORCESTER- 
SHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 
]\Ir. Edge's . . . . 21 10 4 

STRETTON, IN WARWICKSHIRE. 

Collected by the Rev. 
Mr. Richard* Alliot of 
Coventry 6 10 

SOUTH SHIELDS. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Rae's .... 3 14 

SUNDERLAND, IN DURHAM. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Lee's .... 7 11 0} 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Waugh's ... 990 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Somervil's . . 11 9 0^ 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Wesley's ... 2 17 

STOCKTON, IN DURHAM. 

Collected at the Rev. 
ISlr. Blackie's ... 8 4 OJ 

STROUD, IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Ball's \ . . . 18 19 

8AINT-NI0TS. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Davis* .... 6 18 U 



SHEFFIELD, IN YORKSHIRE. 



Collected of the Rev, 


Mr. Pye*s 


People. 






Mr. Benjamin Roebuck 


5 5 





Mr. Samuel Greaves 


. 3 3 





The Rev. Mr. Pye . 


. 2 2 





Mr. Vennor . . . 


. 2 2 





Mrs. Parker . . . 


. 2 2 





Messrs. John & Roger 






Wilson .... 







Mr. Samuel Wilson . 





Mrs. Roebuck, Sen. 







Mr. John Smith . . 







Mr. Bennett . . . 







Mrs. Winter . . . 







Mr. Windle & Mr. Lovt 







Mr. Bridges . . . 







Mr. William Smith . 







Mrs. Smith, Sen. 







Mr. Nutt .... 


10 





Mrs. Holy .... 


6 


Mr. Andrews . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. William Marshall 


10 


6 


Mr. Loy .... 


10 


6 


Mr. Robert Hall . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Joseph Wilson . 


10 


6 


Mr. Worrell . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Samuel Parkin . 


10 


6 


Mr. Littlewood . . 


10 


6 


By Sundries . . . 


. 1 13 





Collected at the Rev. 






Mr. Pye's . . . 


. 15 12 





Collected of the Rev. Me 


ssrs. Eva 


ris' 


and Dickinson^ s 1 


^eople. 




Mrs. Eddowes . . 


. 1 16 





Mr. Shore, Sen. . . 


. 1 1 





Mrs. Robarts . . . 


1 1 





Mr. Robarts . . . 


1 1 





The Rev. Mr. Evans 


1 1 





The Rev. Mr. Hall of 






Stannington . . 


1 1 





Mr. Simmons . . 




10 


6 


Mr. Kaigh . . . 




10 


6 


Mr. Samuel Hall . 




. 10 


6 


Mr. Haynes . . 




10 


6 


Mr. Marshall . • 




10 


6 


Mr. Nathaniel Hall 




10 


6 


From Sundries . . 




19 


9 


Collected at the Rev. 






Messrs. Evans' and 






Dickinson's Meetii 


IS 


7 3 


9 



' Collected of others in Sheffield. 
Messrs. Broomhead . . 2 2 



438 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Mr. G. Greaves . , 
Mr. John Fenton 
Mr. Roger Wils n 
Mr. G. Woodhcad 
Mr. John w.nter 
Unknown . ... , 
Mr. Kenyon and two 

others .... 
Mr. Matthews . . 
Mr. Moore . . . 
Collected at the Rev 

Mr. Bryant's . . 
Collected at the Rev 

Mr. Wesley's . . 



110 

110 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

2 6 

15 6 



10 
5 



5 5 3 



2 17 



SUTTON, IN ASHFIELD 



Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Wilson's . . . 



4 8 



STAMFORD, IN LINCOLNSHIRE. 



Rev. Dr. Wilberforce 
Dr. Jackson . . . 
Mrs. Wingfield . . 
Middleton^Trollop, Esq 
]Mr. Adams . . . , 
Mr. Torkington . . 
Mr. Woodroflfe . . 
Rev. INIr. John Ralph 
Dr. Tathwell . . . 
Mrs. Delamore . . 



STOW MARKET, IN SUFFOLK. 

The Rev. Mr. Archer . 110 

SUDBURY, IN SUFFOLK. 



Gainsborough, 

Esq 

Mrs. Margaret Fenn 

Mr. John I3urket, Sen. 

Mr. Holman . . . 

Mr. Thomas Burket . 

Mr. John Burket, Jr. 

Rev. Mr. Heginbothom 

Mrs. Holman, Jr. 

Mr. Stow .... 

Mr. Watkinson of Lav 
inghani .... 

Mr. Stockdell (Clark) 

Mr. Darby . . . 

Miss Shepherd . . 

Mr. Barker . . . 

ISlrs. Addison . . . 



10 10 
5 5 



Mr. Ellis 10 6 

Mr. John Holman . . 10 6 

Mrs. Holman .... 10 6 

Miss Holman .... 10 6 

Mr. Brabrook .... 10 6 

Mr. Thomas Stow . . 10 6 

Mr. English .... 10 6 

Mrs. Pawlett .... 10 6 

Unknown 10 6 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Heginbothom' s . 4 12 6 

Thomas Fenn, Esq. . 5 5 

Mr. T. Fenn, Jr. . . . 3 3 

Mrs. Fenn 2 2 

]Mr. Thjomas Gibbons . 2 2 

Mr. Addison .... 1 16 

Mr. John Railing . . 1116 

Mr. William Gibbons . 110 

Mr. Abraham Greggs . 110 

Mr. Chaplain .... 10 6 

Miss Railing .... 10 6 

Miss Burket . . *. . 10 6 

Miss Stow 10 6 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Lombard's . . 2 7 3 

8TAMB0RNE. 

The Rev. Mr. Hallam . 110 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Hallam's . . . 10 18 11^ 

SHOREHAM, IN KENT. 

1 16 9 



The Rev. Mr. Perronett 
and Friends . . . 



SEVEN OAKS, IN KENT. 



Collected at the Rev 
Mr. Stenger's . . 

Ditto at the Rev. Mr 
Bligh's .... 

Ditto at the Rev. Mr, 
Wesley's .... 



5 6 8 
2 11 10^ 
1 13 6 



SHEERNESS, IN KENT. 

Collected at the meeting 5 6 9 

SOUTHWOLD, IN SUFFOLK. 

Collected by the Rev. 



Mr. Hurrion 



11 16 6 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



489 



TETBURY, IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 

Collected by the Rev. 
Mr. Phene . . . . 10 10 10 



TROWBRIDGE, IN WILTSHIRE. 



Mrs. Turner . . . 
Mrs. Temple . . . 
Mr. Whittaker . . 
Mr. Amos Simon 
Esquire Mortimer 
Mr. James Shrapnell 

and son .... 
Mr. Butlar .... 
Collected at tlie Rev 

Mr. Waldron's . . , 
Ditto at the Rev. Mr, 

Cross' .... 
Ditto at Mr. Rawlins's 



2 12 6 
2 2 
1 1 
1 1 
110 



11 6 

10 6 

16 18 

15 6 6 

2 4 8 



TAUNTON, IN SOMERSETSHIRE. 



Governor Pool . . 
The Rev. Mr. Blake 
Mr. Wascot . . . 
Mrs. Welman . . . 
Mr. Follaquire . . 
Mrs. Halliday . . . 
The Rev. IVIr. William 

Johnson .... 
Mr. Kirkpatrick . . 
Mr. Jefferies, Sen. . 
Mr. Joseph Jefferies 
Mrs. Follaquire . . 
Rev. Mr. John Ward 
Rev. Mr. Joshua Toul- 



min .... 

Mr. Handcocke . 
Mrs. Stone . . . 
Mr. Harrison . . 
Mr. Norma . . . 
Mr. Joseph Cornish 
Mr. William Stow 
Mrs. Peacock . . 
Mr. Samuel Reed 
Dr. Cabbie . . 
Mr. Thomas Grove 
Mr. J. Furnival . 
Mr. Nobb . . . 
A Lady unknown 
Miss Smith . . 
Mr. J. Burcher . 
Mr. Jowitt . . 
Unknown . . . 
Ditto .... 



10 6 

10 6 
10 6 
10 6 
10 6 
10 6 
10 6 
10 6 
10 6 
10 6 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 

5 

5 

2 

2 

2 



Mr. Slowar and a poor 

Widow 3 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Johnson's. . . 19 4 



TOPSHAM, IN DEVONSHIRE. 



Mrs. Fryer . . . 
]VIr. John Fryer . . 
Mr. William EUiott 
Mr. William Kennaway 

Sen 

Mr. Simon Morris . 
Mrs. Burgess . . . 
Madam Collier . . . 
Mr. John Woolcombe 
]\Irs. Thomas . . . 
Captain William Sher 

ville 

Mr. Reynolds . . . 
Captain Coleman 
Mr. George Culverwell 
Mr. Watton . . . 
Mr. Samuel Hill . . 
Miss Bultell . . . 
The Rev. Mr. Pitts . 
Unknown .... 
Mrs. Love .... 
The collection . . . 



4 4 
2 2 
1 1 



1 1 

1 1 

1 1 

1 1 



TOTNESS, IN DEVONSHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 



Messrs. Reynell's and 
Chapman's .... 27 



10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

10 6 

5 3 

274 3 



6 



TAVISTOCK, IN DEVONSHIRE. 



Mr. Thomas Windiat 
Mr. John Rowe . . 
Mr. Roger Lang . . 
Richard Turner, Esq. 
A person unknown . 
Dr. Lavington . . 
The Rev. Mr. Jago . 
Collected at the Rev 
Mr. Dowdell's . . 



8 2 5 



TEWKSBURT, IN GLOUCESTER- 
SHIRE. 

John Humphries, Esq. 10 

The Rev. Mr. Jones . 110 

The Rev. Mr. Hay ward 10 6 

From sundries ... 1190 



440 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Collected at the Rev. 
Messrs. Graliam's 
and Hay don's . . . 



21 10 



TIVERTON, IN DEVONSHIRE. 



Mr. Parsons . 
IMrs. Lewis . . . 
Mrs. Mary Moore 
Mr. Hamilton . 
Mrs. Glass . . 
Mr. Lewis . . 
Mr. John Bosley 
Mr. Atherton . . 
Mr. Smith . . . 
Mr. Ensmarch, Sen. 
Mr. Isaac Ensmarch 
Miss Ensmarch . 
A person unknown 
The Rev. Mr. Follett 
Mrs. Glass . 
The Rev. Mr. Kiddall 
Mr. Zelby . . 
Mr. Gilbert . 
IVIr. Frank Besly 
Mr. Besly, Jr. 
Mrs. Lane . . 
Mr. Barn Besly 
Mrs. Munt , . 
Mrs. Kiddall . 
Mr. Anstey 
Mrs. Hudford . 
ISIrs. Lachgate 
Mr. Raddon . 
Mr. Small . . 
]\Ir. James . . 
Mr. Rathew . 
Mr. Gill, Jr. . 
Mr. Knight . . 
Mrs. Stone . . 
Collected at the 

Mr. Kiddal's 
Collected at the 

Mr. Follett' s 
Sent to be added 

above, per Mr 

minter 



Rev, 
Rev 



to the 
Par 



THAXTED. 

Mr. Daniel Haddon . 
Mr. Thomas Saward 
Mrs. Haddon . . . 
Collected at the Rev 
Llr. Parry's . . . 



3 3 
3 3 



10 6 
10 6 
10 6 
10 6 
10 
5 3 



2 9 9i 
2 4 

2 8 



3 
2 
1 



TUNBRIDGE WELLS, IN KENT. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Messrs. Shepherd's 

and Arnold's ... 6 10 
Rev. Mr. Johnson . . 10 6 



TENTERDEN, IN KENT. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Handcock's . . 24 8 2 



UFCULM. 






Richard Clarke, Esq. ^ 


1 11 


6 


Mrs. Elizabeth Churley 


1 1 





Rev. Mr. Lamport . 


10 


6 


Rev. Mr. Greenway 


10 


6 


Rev. Mr. John Wind- 






sor, Rector . . . 


10 


6 


Mr. Nicholas Wreford . 


5 





Unknown .... 


5 





Mrs. Hill .... 


4 





Mr. Hucker . . . 


4 





The Quakers . . . 


. 1 16 





Unknown .... 


2 





The collection . . • 


. 3 1 


6 



UPPINGHAM, IN RUTLANDSHIRE. 

Collected at the meeting 3 14 3| 

UPTON, IN WORCESTERSHIRE. 



Collected at the Rev 

Mr. Jones* . . . 
Mr. Brockhurst . . 
Mrs. Skinner . . . 
The Rev. Mr. Steele 



18 7 7 

1 1 

1 1 

7 6 



6 4 



WESTBURY, IN WILTSHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Mylett's ... 14 11 3 

WARMINSTER, IN WILTSHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Fisher's ... 15 3 1 

WELLINGTON, IN SHROPSHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Field's and at the 
Rev. Mr. Day's . . 23 12 10 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



441 



WAREHAM, I^ DORSETSHIRE. 

Sundry subscriptions 

sent to the Rev. Mr. 

S. Reader . . ^ . 29 10 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. S. Reader's . . 9 4 8 



"SVILTON, LNT WILTSHIRE. 



Edward Baker, Esq. 
Major Seward . . 
Rev. Mr. Gardner . 
Collected at the Rev 
]Mr. Gardner's . . 



WINCHESTER. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Boarman's . . . 



10 8 



5 18 3 



WELLINGBOROUGH, IN NORTHAMP- 
TONSHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Grant's ... 911 

WARWICK. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Kettle's ... 5 13 4 

WELFORD. 

Mrs. Bake well ... 220 

Unknown, per sundries 8 6 6 

Ditto 14 6 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. King's .... 416 

WORCESTER. 

The Rev. 'Mr. Black- 
more 2 2 

Mr. Cooke 110 

By private subscriptions 215 3 

A donation from the 

Public Fund ... 7 13 3 

Collected at the Rev. 
Messrs. Urwick's and 
Pointing's .... 21 2 6 

WOLVERHAMPTON. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Cole's, etc. . . 33 19 3^ 



. 3 3 





. 2 2 





. 1 1 





10 


6 



WEST BRAMWICH. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Messrs. Robin's, Stil- 
lingfleet's, and Grif- 
fith's 42 8 81 

WALSALL, IN STAFFORDSHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 
]\Ir. Llewellin's . . 10 3 

WAKEFIELD, IN YORKSHIRE. 

James ^Milnes, Esq. . 
John Milnes, Jr., Esq. 
Mr. Richard Lamb . 
]\L*. John Lamb . . 
Collected at the Rev 
Mr. William Turner's 11 15 9 



WOODBRIDGE, IN SUFFOLK. 

Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Palmer's . . . 18 9 3^ 
By sundries .... 240 
Brought by Mr. Field to 

be added to ditto . . 2 7 4 

WATESFIELD. 

The Rev. Mr. Harmer . 110 

Given by the Trustees . 5 5 
Collected at the Rev. 

Mr. Harmer's ... 560 

Sent afterwards ... 160 



WATFORD. 

Collected at the Rev. 
i\Ir. Medley's ... 30 

WHITCHURCH, IN HAMPSHIRE. 

Collected at the Rev. 
Mr. Meek's ... 8175 

WINGHAM. 

Collected by the Rev. 
Mr. Chapman ... 2 15 

WOOLWICH, IN KENT. 



Collected at the Rev- 
Mr. McGregor's . . 



2 



442 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



WRENTHAM, IN SUFFOLK. 

Collected by the Rev. 

IVIr. Sweetland . . 20 



YEOVIL, IN SOMERSETSHIRE. 



Mr. Bullock . . 
Mr. Gilson . . . 
Dr. Dumaresque . 
Rev. F. C. Parsons 
Dr. Daniel . . . 
Mr. John Taylor 



1 1 
1 1 
1 1 



10 6 
10 6 
10 6 



Collected by Rev. Mr. 

Evans 6 4 



YARMOUTH, IN NORFOLK. 

Collected at tMfe Rev. 

Mr. Whiteside's . . 19 14 3 
Ditto at Rev. Mr. 

Howe's 27 10 



Total . . . £9,494 7 7^ 

Donations in Scotland amounted 
to about £2,500. 



PROPOSED DONATIONS WHICH DETERMINED THE LOCATION 
OF THE COLLEGE AND SCHOOL AT HANOVER IN 1770. 



The King's most gracious Majesty, 
by advice of his Excellency John 
Weiitworth, Esq., his Majesty's 
governor of the province of New 
Hampshire, and of his council, a 
Charter of the township of Lan- 
daff, about 24,000 acres. 

Honorable Benning Wentworth, 
Esq., late governor of New 
Hampshire, 500 acres, on which 
the College is fixed in Hanover. 

Hon. Theodore Atkinson, Esq., 500 
acres. 

Theodore Atkinson, Jr. Esq., one 
right. 

Hon. Mark H. Wentworth, Esq., 
one right in Plainfield. 

Hon. J Nevin, Esq., half a 

right. 

William Parker, Esq., half a right 
in Piermont. 

Hon. Peter Levius, Esq., one right 
in Piermont. 

Hon. Daniel Warner, Esq., one 
right in Leichester. 

Hon. John Wentworth, Esq., one 
right in Thetford. 

Hon. Daniel Pierce, Esq., 500 acres. 

Samuel Livermore, Esq., 300 acres 
in Chatham. 

Walter Bryent, Esq., one right in 
Burton. 

John Moffat, Esq., one right in 
Masons- Claim. 

Matthew Thornton, Esq., one right 
in Castleton. 

Mr. Ebenezer Smith, 100 acres. 



Phillips White, Esq., 250 acres in 
Wentworth, and 250 in Warren. 

Col. Jonathan GruUey, 125 acres 
in Wentworth, and 125 in War- 
ren. 

John Phillips, Esq., seven rights in 
Sandwich. 

Col. Nathaniel Folsom, one right in 
Sandwich. 

Col. Nicholas Oilman, 100 acres in 
Sandwich. 

Samuel Folsom, Esq., 50 acres in 
Sandwich. 

Mr. Enoch Poor, 100 acres in Sand- 
wich. 

Col. Clement March, one right in 
Addinson, and one right in Lei- 
chester. 

Robert Fletcher, Esq., 100 acres. 

John Wendal, Esq., one right in 
Barnard. 

Walter Bryent, Jr. Esq., one right 
in Burton. 

Hunking Wentworth, Esq., half a 
right in Barnard. 

Reuben Kidder, Esq., half a right 
in Campton. 

Col. Jonathan Moulton, 250 acres 
in Orford, 250 in Piermont, 250 
in Relhan, and 250 in Moulten- 
boro'. 

Mr. John Moulton, 100 acres in 
Moultenboro'. 

Mr. Moses Little, two rights in Sa- 
ville. 

Mr. Samuel Emerson, 100 acres in 
Saville. 



DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



443 



Mr. William Moulton, 300 acres in 

Stonington. 
Mr. James Jewet, 100 acres in Ston- 
ington. 
Mr. Adam Cogswel, 100 acres in 

Stonington. 
Col. Jacob Bayley, 240 acres. 
Timothy Bedel, Esq., 80 acres. 
Capt. John Hazen, 240 acres. 
Benjamin Whiting, Esq., 240 acres 

in Newbury and Topsham. 
Israel Morey, Esq., 400 acres in 

Orford, and other towns, handy 

for the use of the school. 
Mr. Noah Dewey, 80 acres in Or- 
ford. 
Capt. Noah Dewey, Jr., 80 acres 

in Orford. 
Mr. Thomas Sawyer, 80 acres in 

Orford. 
Mr. Daniel Tillotson, 80 acres in 

Thetford. 
Mr. Benjamin Baldwin, 104 acres in 

Thetford. 
]VIr. Ebenezer Baldwin, 104 acres in 

Thetford. 
Mr. Daniel Cross, 40 acres in Far- 

ley. 
Mr, John Chamberlain, 120 acres 

in Canaan. 
Mr. Samuel Gillett, 40 acres in 

Thetford. 
Mr. Ebenezer Green, 80 acres in 

Thetford, and 80 acres in Lyme. 
]\Ir. Fredrick Smith, 176 acres in 

Strafford. 
Mr. Abner Chamberlain, 40 acres 

in Thetford. 
Mr. John Sloan, 56 acres in Lyme. 
Mr. William Sloan, 80 acres in 

Lyme. 
Mr. Alexander Murray, 40 acres in 

Lyme. 
Mr. David Sloan, 24 acres in Lyme. 
Mr. Thomas Sumner, 130 acres in 

Gilsom. 
Oliver Willard, Esq., 750 acres land 

and £20. 

£. s. d. 
Capt. Zadock Wright . 3 7 6 
Lieut. Joel Matthews . 1 13 9 
Mr. Paul Spooner . . 1 13 9 
Mr. John Laiton ... 1139 
Mr. Christopher Billings 6 9 

Mr. Charles Killam . . 16 lOi 

Mr. Timothy Lull . . 10 3 



Mr. Asa Taylor . . 

Mr. Zebulon Lee . . 

Mr. John Johnson . 

Mr. Matthias Rust . 

Capt. Francis Smith 

Mr. John Stevens, Jr. 

Mr. Robert Miller . 

Mr. Abel Stevens 

Mr. Reuben Jerold . 

Mr. Willard Smith . 

Mr. Adam Clark . . 

Mr. Charles Spalding 

Mr. Daniel Short 

Mr. Josiah Russel . 

Mr. Josiah Russel, Jr. 

Mr. Daniel Woodward 

Mr. William Cutler ; 

Mr. Josiah Colton . 

Mr. Joseph Smith . 

Mr. John Stevens 

INIt. AVilliam Bramble 

^Ix. Joshua Dewie . 

Mr. Elisha Marsh 

Mr. Christopher Pease 

Mr. John Strong . . 

Mr. David Bliss . . 

Mr. Elijah Strong . 

Mr. Ebenezer Bliss . 

Mr. Daniel Pinneo . 

Mr. Thomas Miner . 

Mr. Nathaniel Holbrook 

Mr. Henry Woodward 

Mr. Abel Mai»sh . . 

Mr. Lionel Udal . . 

Lebanon Proprietors, 1440 acres. 

Mr. Thomas Storrs, 20 acres. 

Capt. Nathaniel Hall, 50 acres. 

John Salter, Esq., 50 acres. 

IsIt. Nathaniel Storrs, 50 acres. 

Mr. Constant Southworth, 100 acres. 

Mr. Huckens Storrs, 100 acres. 

Mr. Amariah Storrs, 20 acres. 

Mr. Nehemiah Easter brook, 50 

acres. 
Capt. Samuel Storrs, 50 acres. 
Mr. Aaron Storrs, 200 acres. 
Mr. Huckens Storrs, Jr., 100 acres. 
Mr. Jedediah Hebard, 100 acres. 
Mr. Oliver Gris would, 100 acres. 
Mr. Levi Hyde, 100 acres. 
Mr. Israel Gillet, 100 acres. 
Mr. Rufus Baldwin . £l 10 

and 100 acres. 
Mr. John Gillet ... 1 10 

and 100 acres. 



13 


6 


16 10^ 


11 


3 


11 


3 


. 9 





. 7 10 





. 6 





. 7 10 





. 2 5 





. 6 





. 2 5 





. 6 





. 6 





. 2 5 





3 15 





d 3 15 





3 15 





3 15 





. 6 





. 7 10 





3 15 





. 3 15 





. 6 





. 6 





4 10 





15 





1 10 





. 3 15 





. 6 





. 3 





k 3 15 





. 3 





. 4 10 





. 4 10 






444 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



. 7 10 





. 1 10 





3 15 





. 1 2 


6 


15 





15 





. 1 2 


6 


7 


6 


. 3 15 





. 7 10 





. 3 7 


6 


. 4 14 


6 


. 1 7 





. 2 14 






33 



83 



33 



£0 10 



10 



10 



10 



£10 



2 10 



2 



15 



15 



10 





. 1 





. 1 10 





5 





. 1 





. 1 10 





. 1 





. 1 





5 





. 2 5 





7 


6 






10 





7 


6 



Mr. Eliezer Robinson, 2 5 

and 50 acres. 
Mr. Charles Hill . . 
Major John Slapp . 
Mr. Joseph Wood . 
Mr. Silas Waterman 
Mr. John Griswold . 
Mr. David Bliss . . 
Mr. Joseph Martin . 
Mr. Benjamin Fuller 
Mr. Azariah Bliss . 
Mr. William Dana . 
Mr. William Downer 
Mr. Joseph Tilden . 
Mr. Samuel Mecham 
Mr. Benjamin Wricrht 
Mr. Benjamin Parkhurst, 50 acres 

land. 
Mr. David Rowland, 200 acres. 
Mr. Josiah Wheeler, 50 acres. 
Mr. Jacob Burton 67 

acres, and . . . . £l 
Mr. Ebenezer Ball, 33 acres. 
Mr. Thomas Murdock, 

33 acres and . . . 
Mr. Elisha Crane, 

acres and . . 
Mr. Philip Smith, 

acres and . . 
Mr. Joseph Hatch, 

acres and . . 
Mr. Josiah Burton, 20 acres. 
Mr. Israel Brown, 27 

acres and . . . .£0 10 
Mr. Daniel Baldwin, 13 

acres and .... 1 10 
Mr. Francis Fenton, 33 acres. 
Capt. Hezekiah John- 
son, 80 acres and 
Mr. John Serjeant, 40 

acres and .... 
Mr. Timothy Bush, 40 

acres and .... 
Mr. Peter Thatcher, 40 

acres and .... 
Mr. Daniel Waterman, 

24 acres and . . . 
Mr. John Slafter, 40 

acres and .... 100 
Mr. Samuel Hutchinson 2 10 
Mr. Med ad Benton . . 2 
Mr. John Hatch ... 2 10 
Mr. Samuel Partridge . 2 5 

It should be remarked that many of the above named were unable to 
fulfill their promises. The College received in all about 10,000 acres of 
land. 



Mr. Elisha Partridge 
Mr. Jonas Richards 
Mr. John Hutchinson 
Mr. Elisha Burton . 
Mr. Nathan Messenger 
Mr. John Wright . 
Mr. Aaron Wright . 
Mr. Francis Smalley 
Mr. Joseph Ball . . 
Mr. Jonathan Ball . 
Mr. Samuel Brown . 
Mr. Samuel Waterman 
Mr. Samuel Partridge, 

Jr 

Mr. Ebenezer Jaques 

Mr. Timothy Smith, 90 acres land. 

Mr. Jonathan Curtiss, 

120 acres and ... 3 15 
Mr. Benjamin Davis, 40 acres. 
Mr. John Ordway, 90 acres. 
Maj. Joseph Storrs, 110 acres. 
Mr. John House, 100 acres. 
Mr. Jonathan Freeman, 40 acres. 
Mr. Nathaniel Wright, 40 acres. 
Mr. Otis Freeman, 40 acres. 
Mr. Gideon Smith, 21 dollars. 
Mr. Nath. Woodward, 16 acres 

land. 
Mr. Isaac Bridgman, 40 acres. 
Mr. Knight Sexton, 80 

acres and . . . . £15 
Mr. James Murch . . 80 
Mr. Simeon Dewey, 50 

acres land and . . 7 10 
Mr. Benjamin Rice . . 7 10 
Mr. Asa Parker, 50 acres. 
Mr. Edm. Freeman, Jr., 40 acres. 
Mr. Isaac Wallbridge, 

40 acres and . . 
Mr. David Mason . 
Mr. Jeremiah Trescot 
Mr. Habakkuk Turner 
Mr. Samuel Rust 
Mr. Edmond Freeman, 50 acres. 
Mr. William Johnson, 

Jr. 12 6 

Rev. Gideon Noble, 40 acres. 
Mr. Abner Barker, 30 acres. 
Mr. Prince Freeman, 50 acres. 
Mr. Abel Johnson . . 12 6 
Mr. William Johnson . 3 15 
Mr. Russel Freeman . 18 



18 
2 

18 
7 10 

15 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



445 



EXTRACT EROM HANOVER TOWN RECORDS. 

"Met according to adjournment, November 12, 1770. The following 
vote was passed : 

" Whereas, John Wright, David Woodward, Edmund Freeman, Otis 
Freeman, Isaac Walbridge, Isaac Bridgman, and John Bridgman, have 
agreed to give the Rev. Eleazar Wheelock, D. D., 300 acres of land in this 
town, voted, that the above-mentioned persons may give deed of 300 acres 
of land in the land now lying undivided among the proprietors, as follows, 
namely, to begin at Lebanon line at the bound of a lot of land lately given 
by the Hon. Benning Wentworth, Esq., to the Trustees of Dartmouth Col- 
lege ; then in the east line of said lot about 300 rods, to the southwest 
bound of the 1 7th hundred-acre lot west of the half-mile line, then south 
sixty-four degrees, east about 168 rods, or so far as that a line to run par- 
allel with the first-mentioned line and running to Lebanon will make 300 
acres, said land to lie to the above-mentioned persons for so much in their 
next division on the respective original rights they now own ; i. e. to John 
Wright 40 acres, to David Woodward 50 acres, to Isaac Bridgman 50 
acres, to Edmund Freeman 40 acres, to Isaac Walbridge 40 acres, to Otis 
Freeman 50 acres, to John Bridgman 30 acres. And whereas, the persons 
whose names are hereafter mentioned have covenanted and agreed to give 
to the Trustees of Dartmouth College, for the benefit of said college, the 
following quantities of land, namely. Knight Sexton 100 acres, Joseph 
Storrs 100 acres, John House 100 acres, John Ordway 100 acres, Jonathan 
Curtice 140 acres, Tim. Smith 100 acres, Edmund Freeman 50 acres, 
Prince Freeman 50 acres, Jonathan Freeman 50 acres, Nathaniel Wright 
50 acres, Nathaniel Woodward 20 acres, Simon Dewey 50 acres, Benjamin 
Davis 50 acres, Asa Parker 50 acres, voted, that the above-named persons 
may give a deed of all the undivided land lying east of the piece afore- 
mentioned, and south of the hundred-acre lots in the 1st and 3d ranges of 
hundred acres in the 1st division of hundred-acre lots, and west of the two- 
mile road, and north of Lebanon Hne, it being about 1,000 acres, be it more 
or less, to lie for so much to the original rights aforementioned as the pres- 
ent owners of said rights have subscribed to give, reserving proper allow- 
ance for highways for the benefit of the town." 



OTHER PROPOSED DONATIONS. 

" We the subscribers hereby severally promise for ourselves, our heirs, 
etc., to pay to the Rev. Mr. Eleazar Wheelock, or such other person or per- 
sons who shall be appointed to receive the same the sums respectively affiled 
to our names for the founding and supporting a school for the education of 
Indian youth and others to be paid in land whereon to build a proper 
house or houses and in provisions and in materials for building such house 
or houses which shall be judged necessary for the support of said school, 
provided said school be fixed in the first society in Hebron and there con- 
tinued. Witness our hands this 17th January, 1765. 



David Barbur . . . 


. . £80 


Increase Porter . . . 


. . £20 


Alex Phelps . . . . 


. . 50 


Benjamin Sumner . . 


. . 10 


John Phelps . . . . 


. . 50 


Obadiah Horsford . . 


. . 50 


Asahel Phelps . . 


. . 20 


Silvanus Phelps . . 


. . 15 


Joshua Phelps . . . 


. . 16 


Israel Morey .... 


. . 20 


Ebenezer Gilbert . . 


. . 16 


Stephen Palmer . . 


. . 5 



446 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Aaron Stiles . 
Isaac Ford . 
Ichabod Buell 
Lijah Buell . 
Alexander Mack 
Stephen Stiles 
Eliphalet Case 
Benjamin Day- 
Asa White . 
Eliphalet Youngs, Jr. 
Saml. Phelps . 
Israel Post . 
Nathl. Phelps , 
Stephen Barbur 
Neziah Bliss . , 
Samuel Fielding 
Oliver Phelps 
Pelatiah Porter 
Eleazar Strong 
Thomas Post . 
Saml. Gilbert, Jr. 
Thos. Sumner 



£10 

10 

10 

10 

6 

7 

10 

20 

2 

2 

5 

20 

10 

30 

15 

2 

2 

15 

10 

15 

20 

5 



Abijah Rowlee 
Danl. Tillotson 
Ephraim Wright 
Saml. Jones . 
Danl. Porter . 
Oliver Barbur 
Worthy Waters 
Zebulon Strong 
Jonathan Birge 
Story Gott 
Solomon Huntington 
Solomon Tarbox 
Elisha Mack 
David Carver . 
Adam Waters . 
Samuel Bicler, Jr. 
Ichabod Phelps . 
Ichabod Phelps, Jr, 
Eliphalet Young 
Samuel Gilbert . 
Benjamin Buell . 
Thomas Tarbox 



£10 
20 

2 
20 
15 

8 
10 

2 

1 
25 

4 
15 
10 
10 
10 
14 
20 
10 
10 
65 
20 
10 



Mr. Wheelock's correspondence indicates that the School was kept one 
year at Hebron, by Mr. Alexander Phelps. 



" At a meeting of the First Company of the Delaware Purchasers (so 
called), held by adjournment at the Town-house in Norwich, on the 3d 
day of January, A. d. 1769, 

" Voted that this Company do now grant to the Indian Charity School 
under the care of Rev. Eleazar Wheelock, D. D., of Lebanon, six miles 
square of land, to be laid out on the westermost part of this Company's 
purchase upon Delaware River, upon condition said School shall be erected 
on the Susquehannah Purchase (so called). 

" The above is a true copy of the vote of the First Company of the Del- 
aware Purchasers. 

" Test Elisha Tracy, Clerk for said Company.'* 

" At a meeting of the Second Company of the Delaware Purchasers (so 
called), held by adjournment at the Town-house in Norwich, on the 3d 
day of January, a. d. 1769, 

' ' Voted that this Company do now grant to the Indian Charity School 
under the care of the Rev. Eleazar Wheelock, D. D. , of Lebanon, six miles 
square of land, to be laid out for the use of said School on the westermost 
part of this Company's purchfise of land upon Lacawack River, upon con- 
dition said School shall be erected upon the Susquehannah Purchase, so 
called. 

' ' The above is a true copy of the vote of the Second Delaware Com- 
pany. 

" Test Elisha Tracy, Clerk for said Company." 

In September, 1768, Messrs. Williams, Woodbridge, Sergeant, Willard, 
Brown, Goodrich, Gray, Pixley, Jones, Curtis, Bement, Wilson, Stoddard, 
Bouton, Dean, Fuller, and others, proposed to give various sums, ranging 
from $5 to £150, provided the College^should be located, agreeably to their 
wishes, at Stockbridge, Mass. During the same year, Zephaniah Batch- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 447 

eller writes from Albany, stating that Captain Abraham J. Lansing will 
give, in all, more than two hundred acres of land, suitably located for 
buildings and other uses, and worth £2,500, provided the College is located 
at Lansingburg, N. Y. 

"Province of New Hampshire, June 18, 1770. At a proprietor's meet- 
ing, lawfully warned and held at my dwelling-house in Lyme in the prov- 
ince above said, voted to lay out to the use and benefit of Dartmouth Col- 
lege fifteen hundred acres of land, .... provided said Trustees shall 
fix or build said college in the township of Lyme, south of Clay Brook 

' ' A true copy of file 

''Test Jonathan Sumner, Proprietor's Clerk. 

"Lyme, June 18, 1770." 

" January 22, 1770. Proprietors' meeting at Hampton. 

" Whereas a charter for a College to be erected in the western part of 
this province, by the name of Dartmouth College, has been granted under 
the great seal of said province, with a special view of Christianizing the 
several Indian tribes in America, therefore in consideration of the many 
advantages that would accrue to the proprietors of Orford if said College 
could be settled in said town, and that the same pious design might be car- 
ried into immediate execution, 

" Voted, in case said College should be settled in said township, to give 
and grant for the Use and Benefit of said College, for ever, one thousand 
acres of land in said town. Also, whereas the Rev. Eleazar Wheelock is 
appointed president of said College, and doubtless will settle himself and 
family in the town where the College shall be, where it will be very neces- 
sary he should have some land' to settle upon, therefore, for encouraging 
and promoting the same, 

" Voted to give and grant unto the said Eleazar Wheelock, his heirs 
and assigns for ever, one thousand acres of land in said town. They also 

" Voted (conditionally) to give to the said Eleazar Wheelock the sum 
of one hundred pounds lawful money." 

Piermont offered one thousand acres of land to secure the College. 
Other towns, not mentioned hereafter, among them Canaan, Boscawen, 
and Cornish, are said to have presented some attractions to Dr. Wheelock. 

" Honorable and Reverend : In the capacity of agent for the 
towns of Newbury and Haverhill, I promise and engage (if Dartmouth 
College is placed in said Haverhill in New Hampshire) that out of the 
subscriptions of said Haverhill and Newbury and the town of Bath, that 
three thousand acres of land shall be laid out in a convenient form at the 
corner of Haverhill, adjoining the southwest corner of said town of Lan- 
daff, and one thousand acres more, laid out .in a gore, in Bath adjoining 
said town of Landaff, and the three thousand acres in Haverhill as above; 
and also I engage to give five hundred acres more to the Honorable and 
Reverend Trust of said College, for the use of said College, in a hand- 
some form, round said College, if set in said Haverhill ; provided it is not 
set on lands already laid out, which if it is to lay out said five hundred 
next adjoining, in a convenient form, as also to make and raise a frame for 
a building two hundred feet long and eighteen feet broad, one story high, 
or a frame or labor to that value. The above Ifpromise to perform at or 
before the first day of November next. The frame I promise to set up on 
demand. Witness my hand, Jacob Bayley. 

"Portsmouth, June 29, 1770. 

"To the Honorable and Reverend Trust of Dartmouth College." 



448 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

Newburyport, March 6, 1770. 
Reverend Sir : I have lately received an account from Plymouth of a 
subscription being opened and there is already three thousand dollars in 
labor, provisions, etc., subscribed ; also another here worth one thousand 
dollars, provided the College is fixed in Campton, Rumney, or Plymouth; 
also being sensible that you will be at great expense to move into a new 
country, have opened another subscription for Rev. Dr. \Yheelock, which 
will be generous ; I have lately heard that the College is to be fixed before 
the meeting of the trustees, which is the reason of Mr. Call's journey, the 
bearer of this, who is a friend to the Indian cause, and in time past has 
been a means of collecting a considerable for them. I should be much 
obliged if you would inform me the time the College will be fixed, and I 
will bring or send the subscriptions, which I make no doubt will be gen- 
erous when completed. If it should not be agreeable to the trustees to fix 
the College in any of the above mentioned towns, these subscriptions will 
not do any hurt to the College nor Dr. Wheelock, but spur on others to 
outdo. I think, where it is fixed, they ought to do generously, as it must 
help them much. I conclude with our family's and my duty to you and 
Madam Wheelock, and regards to all the family, and remain your most 
obedient servant, Moses Little. 

"P. S. We hear that the most generous subscription is to carry the 
College, provided the place is suitable ; hope what we offer Dr. Wheelock 
will not be any damage, for it is not done as a private thing, but are will- 
ing the trustees and everybody else should know. 
" M. L. has subscribed : 

20 thousand boards. 

20 tons hay, three years, is 60 tons. 

10 bushels wheat, three years, is . . . 30 bushels. 

10 bushels rye, three years, is .... 30 bushels. 

10 bushels Indian, three years, is . . . 30 bushels. 

10 days labor, three years, is .... 30 days. 
" Also use of house and barn and land pasturing round it, twenty acres 
cleared ; also Esq. Brainerd, one right of land, etc., in Rumney ; also sent a 
man with a subscription, to be followed, we hope, in proportion and more 
than proportion to the above. Expect some hundred bushels grain yearly 
for three years, also land and labor; and if the above is not enough sub- 
scribed by Moses Little, Dr. Wheelock shall have liberty to improve as 
much of his land as he pleases." 

"Albany, May 9, 1767. 
" Reverend Sir : I have had the pleasure to see your letter, directed 
to the mayor of this city and others. The subject of it was a very agree- 
able one. To encourage literature indicates a great mind ; to civilize sav- 
ages, with a view to their eternal happiness, evinces a goodness of heart 
and a charitable disposition truly commendable ; whoever attempts it has 
a right to claim the assistance of every worthy member of society. I shall 
be happy if I can be any ways instrumental in promoting the success of 
your humane plan ; I am informed that Mr. Mayor and the other gentle- 
men of the corporation have expressed an equal desire, and I make no 
doubt but their offers will be such as a corporation ought to make who are 
impressed with a sense of its general utility. I could say much of the ad- 
vantages that would accrue from fixing the School near this city, but as 
you have doubtless considered this affair with attention, you will have an- 
ticipated all I could say on the subject. I shall only remark that I have 
observed with much satisfaction that the morals of my fellow-citizens are 
much less vitiated than those of other cities that have an immediate for- 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 449 

eign trade, and consequently import the vices of othei- climes ; to this, give 
me leave to add, that a becoming economy is what characterizes our peo- 
ple, and may, by way of example, have a very good effect on the Indian 
children, and such others as might be allowed to take their education in 
the proposed seminary. 

" Should you, however, reverend sir, after receiving the proposals of the 
corporation, think them inadequate to the advantages the city would re- 
ceive, or should you, for reasons that do not occur to me, think a more 
remote situation more eligible (which I wish may not be), I then, sir, will 
make an offer, to forward the charity. But though I have already fixed 
on the proposals I intend to make, I must yet declare that those that I am 
told the city intends to offer appear to me to have the advantage in point 
of fulfilling the intentions of the gentlemen at home, but perhaps it may 
be thought otherwise, and I be mistaken. 

*' Whenever, sir, this or your other affairs may call you into this county, 
I shall be extremely glad to show you any civilities in my power, and beg 
you will make my house your home, where I try to keep up to the good old 
adage, * to welcome the coming and to speed the going guest.' 
"I am, with much respect, reverend sir, 

Your most obedient, humble servant, 

" To the Rev. ^Ir. "Wheelock. Ph. Schuyler." 

"February 10, 1770. 

" Reverend Sir : As I understand that Colonel Alexander Phelps, 
Esquire, has been on business of importance relative to your College, to 
wit, the consulting the honorable trustees, at Portsmouth, concerning the 
place where it will be best to set the said College, and as there is great en- 
gagedness and large subscriptions making by the Proprietors and others of 
the towns of Plainfield, Hartford, Harford, Lebanon, Norwich, Hanover, 
and some other back towns, for the said School, if said School should be 
set in Hanover, in the Province of J^ew Hampshire, now, sir, I suppose 
that Colonel Phelps never heard of this subscription, and I apprehend 
he has not laid this donation, with the circumstances of the place, before 
the Board at Portsmouth. 

" Trusting in your wisdom and willingness to hear everything of conse- 
quence to said School, I would therefore pray that the place for the said 
College may not be fixed on till the donations may be gathered and the cir- 
cumstances of the place be properly laid before their Honors. 

" P. S. I suppose there can be as much or more said in favor of its going 
to the said town of Hanover than any town on the river, which will be 
laid before their Honors in writing, if desired. 

" From their humble servant and well-wisher to said School, 

James Murch." 

In a later letter he says : 

" Now, sir, we all hope you will view the place yourself, and the people 
will all be satisfied that the College will be set in the best place for its 
benefit ; or, if a disinterested man should come and view the places, and 
make a representation, it is generally thought it would come to Hanover or 
Lebanon. Now, sir, I shall endeavor to set before you some of the bene- 
fits of this place for the College. First, here is a large tract of land of 
near three thousand acres or more, all lying together, and the greater part 
some of the best of land. I shall only add that there may be a good road 
to Portsmouth ; and it is in a line to Crown Point from Portsmouth; and 
a very narrow place in the great river, for a brig ; and it is by a long pair 
of falls; and where salt and other articles, brought up the river, will be 
cheaper than they will be further up. 
29 



450 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

" Having given some short hints of what is commonly talked of where 
I have been, I hope you will condescend to forgive what is amiss in this 
broken letter. 

" So I remain, yours to serve, James Murch. 

"Hanover, New Hampshire, March 13, 1770. 

" P. S. I would inform you we all got up here well." 

" The Company expected to attend Commencement at Dartmouth Col- 
lege, August 26, 1772, with his Excellency Governor AVentworth, viz. : 
The Honorable Mark Hunking AVentworth, Esq. ; George Jaffrey, Esq. 5 
Daniel Rogers, Esq. ; Peter Gilman, Esq.; the Honorable John Went- 
worth, Esq., Speaker of Assembly ; Major Samuel Hobart, Esq., John Gid- 
dinge, Esq., Colonel John Phillips, Esq., John Sherburne, Esq., Members 
of Assemhbj ; John Fisher, Esq., Collector of Salem ; Colonel Nathaniel Fol- 
som, Esq. ; Rev. Dr. Langdon, of Portsmouth; Rev. Mr. Emerson, of 
Hollis ; Dr. Cutter; Dr. Bracket; Samuel Penhallow, Esq.; William 
Parker, Jun., Esq.; Benjamin Whiting, Esq., High Sheriff of Hillsboro* 
County ; Honorable Samuel Holland, Esq., Surveyor- General of the North- 
ern District of America and a Councillor of Canada ; Thomas Mac-donogh, 
Esq., Secretary to the Goveimor. About ten more are invited, but I think 
uncertain whether they'll undertake the journey." From Gov. Wentworth. 

" Dartmouth College, June 3, 1777, at break of day. 

" My dear Sir : I trust you have received my two late letters, by my 
son and Sir Trimble, with orders, if you can to good advantage, to make 
sale of my tenement at the Crank, and pay my debts to Mr. Dean, Mr. 
Watson, and yourself. If you have successfully attempted the affair, or 
shall soon so do, I should be glad to see you, and if it may be with the 
remainder of the money as soon as may be; or if you could, before you come, 
visit Dr. Mead, who was principal of, and agent for, the first grantees of 
the town of Landaff, the settlement of which is now retarded and dis- 
couraged by the influence of Mr. Joseph Davenport, who has inspired 
an apprehension in the minds of the populace that they shall be ex- 
posed to a quarrel, if they should settle there, etc. I wish I could send 
you a copy of the College Charter, and enable you to discourse understand- 
ingly with Dr. Mead, and let him see how amply this incorporation is en- 
dowed, and how independent it is made of this government or any other 
incorporation; that the first object of the royal grant of said township was 
the dispersed Indian natives, and to this corporation only in trust for that 
purpose ; that such a matter of controversy can be decided by no judicatory 
but su[)reme, or one equal to that which incorporated it, that is the Con- 
tinental Congress ; that unless they can prove that the fee of those lands 
was not in reality in the king when the charter thereof was given to the 
College and the grant made to the grantees (however irregular and unkind 
the steps taken may have been), they will find it difficult, if not impracti- 
cable, to recover it. However, to prevent any expense in that matter, 
quiet the minds of people and facilitate the settlement, as well as exercise 
proper regard to those who have looked upon themselves injured thereby, 
I would propose some conditions of agreement with those first grantees, 
whereby I might obtain their quitclaims to the premises; that is, either a 
sum of money, or some other way. What if you should see Dr. Mead and 
discourse with him before you come hither V But the bearer is waiting. 
Accept love to you and yours, etc., from your affectionate, 

" Mr. Jabez' Bingham, Jun." 

This letter was evidently written by President Wheeloek. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



451 



MISCELLANEOUS MATTER. 

" Since there is great misrepresentations by some concerning my life and 
education, I take this opportunity to give the world, in few words, the true 
account of my education. I was born a heathen in Mmoyanheeunnuck, 
alias Mohegan, in New London, North America. My parents were alto- 
gether heathens, and I was educated by them in their heathenish notions, 
though there was a sermon preached to our Mohegan tribe sometimes, but 
our Indians regarded not the Christian religion. They would persist in their 
heathenish ways, and my parents in particular were very strong in the 
customs of their forefathers, and they led a wandering life up and down 
in the wilderness, for my father was a great hunter. Thus I lived with them 
till I was sixteen years old, and then there was a great stir of relioion in 
these parts of the world both amongst the Indians as well as the English, 
and about this time I began to think about the Christian religion, and was 
under great trouble of mind for some time. I thought the religion which I 
heard at this time was a new thing among mankind, such as they never 
heard the like before, so ignorant was I, and when I was seventeen years 
of age I received a hope, and as I begun to think about religion, so I be- 
gan to learn to read, though I w^ent to no school till I was in my nineteenth 
year, and then I went to the Rev. ]Mi\ Wheelock's to learning, and spent 
four years there, and was very weakly most of the time; this is the true 
account of mv education. Samson Occom. 

" BosTON,'Noy. 28, 1765." 

Mr. Occom spent the closing years of a useful life at Brotherton^ N. Y., 
where he died, in 1792, aged nearly seventy. 



" A List of Charity Scholars (in Rev. E. Wheelock's School), from 1754 
to 1767: 



John Pumpshire, a Delaware. 
Jacob Woolley, a Delaware, 
Samson Woyboy. 
Joseph AVooUey, a Delaware. 
Hezekiah Calvin, a Delaware. 
Joseph Johnson, a Mohegan. 
David Fowler, a Montauk. 
Aaron Occom, a Mohegan. 
Samuel Kirtland, of Norwich. 
Isaiah Uncas, a Mohegan. 
Amie Johnson, a Mohegan. 
Joseph Brant, ") 

Negyes , > Mohawks. 

Center , dead, ) 

Miriam Stores, a Delaware. 

Moses , ? Mohawks. 

Johannes , \ 

Sarah Wyog, a Mohegan. 
Enoch Closs, a Delaware. 
Samuel Tallman, a Delaware. 



Daniel Mossock, a Farmington. 
Abraham Primus, ^ 
Abraham Secundus, 1- Mohawks. 

Peter , ) 

Patience Johnson, a Mohegan. 

Samuel Gray, of Boston. 

Mr. Samuel Ashpo, a Mohegan. 

Eleazar Sweetland, of Andover. 

Jacob Fowler, a Montauk. 

Manuel Simon, a Narraganset. 

Hannah Poquiantus. a Nehantic. 

Hannah Garret, a Narraganset. 

Mary Sequettass, a Narraganset. 

David Avery, of Norwich. 

David McCiiier, of Boston. 

Mr. Titus Smith, of South Hadley. 

William Primus, ) 

William Secundus, > Mohawks. 

Elias , ) 



452 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Mr. Theophilus Chamberlain, of 

South Hadley. 
Susannah, 1 
Katharine, >■ Mohawks. 

Mary , ) 

David , an Oneida. 

Mr. Aaron Kinne, of Volentown. 
Mundeus, ) ^ . ^ 
Jacob, \Oneidas. 

Sarah Simons, a Narraganset. 
Charles Daniel, a Narraganset. 
John Green, a Mohawk. 



Sam'l Johnson, a member of Yale 

College. 

Allen Mather, of Windsor. 

William, an Oneida. 

Paulus, a Mohawk. 

Seth , a Mohawk. 

John Shaddock, ) ^r i. 

Toby Shaddock, r^^'^Sansets. 

Levi Frisbie, of Branford. 
Abijrail 



Martha 



Narragansets. 



Toby Shadock's wife and child. 
Margaret ." 



In the "History of the Five Indian Nations," by Cadwallader Colden, 
we find the following paragraph : 

" The French priests had (from time to time) persuaded several of the 
Five Nations to leave their own country and to settle near Montreal, 
where the French are very industrious in encouraging them. Their num- 
bers have been likewise increased by the prisoners the French have taken 
in war, and by others who have run from their own country because of 
some mischief that they had done, or debts which they owed to the Chris- 
tians. These Indians all profess Christianity, and therefore are commonly 
called the Praying Indians by their countrymen, and they are called Cah- 
nuagas (Caghnawagas) by the people of Albany." 



" An agreement between the Reverend Doctor Eleazar Wheelock, 
president of Dartmouth College, and Mr. John Smith, late tutor of the 
same, with respect to said Mr. Smith's settlement and salary in capacity 
of professor of the languages in Dartmouth College. 

" Mr. Smith agrees to settle as Professor of English, Latin, Greek, He- 
brew, Chaldee, etc., in Dartmouth College, to teach which, and as many 
of these and other such languages as he shall understand, as the Trus- 
tees shall judge necessary and practicable for one man, and also to read 
lectures on them, as often as the president, tutors, etc., with himself 
shall judge profitable for the Seminary. He also agrees, while he can do 
it consistently with his office as professor, annually to serve as tutor to 
a class of students in the College. In consideration of which. Dr. Whee- 
lock agrees to give him (the said Mr. Smith) one hundred pounds L. 
My. annually as a salary to be paid one half in money and the other half 
in money or in such necessary articles for a family as wheat, Indian corn, 
rye, beef, pork, mutton, butter, cheese, hay, pasturing, etc., as long as he 
shall continue })rofessor as aforesaid, and that he shall have these articles 
delivered to him at the same price for which they were usually sold before 
the commencement of the present war in America, viz. : that he shall have 
wheat at 5s. per bushel, rye at 3s., Indian corn at 2s. 6d., fresh beef at 3d. 
per lb., salt beef at 4 l-2d., fresh pork at 4 l-2d., salt do. at 7d., fresh beef 
at 18s. per ct., do. pork at 25s., mutton at 3d. per lb., butter at 3d., cheese 
at 3d., bread at 2d., hay at 30s. per ton, pasturing per season for horse 30s., 
for cow 20s., and also to give him one acre of land near the College for a 
building spot, a deed of which he promises to give him whenever he shall 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 453 

request the same. Doctor Wheelock also agrees that Mr. Smith's salary, 
viz. : one hundred pounds annually, shall not be diminished when his 
business as professor shall be so great that it will render it impracticable 
for him to serve as a tutor to a class in College; and that Mr. Smith 
shall not be removed from his professorship except the Trustees of 
Dartmouth College shall judge him incapacitated therefor, and also that 
Mr. Smith's salary shall begin with the date hereof. Doctor Wheelock also 
promises to lay this agreement before the Trustees of Dartmouth College 
to be confirmed by them at their next meeting. Mr. Smith also promises 
that whenever he shall have a sufficient support from any fund established 
for the maintenance of a professor of languages, he will give up the salary 
to which the agreement entitles him. 

' ' In testimony whereof, we have hereunto interchangeably affixed our 
hands and seals this 9th day of November, 1777. 

" Eleazar Wheelock. [l. s.] 
"John Smith. [l. s.] 

" In presence of : 

" Sylvanus Kipley. 

'•Joseph Mottey." 



"July 3, 1816. The Governor and Council appointed Hon. Josiah 
Bartlett, of Stratham, Hon. Joshua Darling, of Henniker, Hon. Wm. H. 
Woodward, of Hanover, Matthew Harvey, Esq., of Hopkinton, and Levi 
Woodbury, Esq., of Francestown, Trustees of Dartmouth University, and 
on the following day added Henry Hubbard, Esq., of Charlestown, Dr. 
Cyrus Perkins, of Hanover, Aaron Hutchinson, Esq., of Lebanon, and 
Daniel M. Durell, Esq., of Dover. On the same days, Hon. John Lang- 
don, of Portsmouth, Hon. William Gray, of Boston, Mass., Gen. Henry 
Dearborn, of Roxbury, Mass., Rev. Thomas Baldwin, of Boston, Hon. 
Joseph Story, of Salem, Mass., Hon. W. Crowninshield, of Salem, 
Mass., Hon. Benjamin Greene, of Berwick, Me., Hon. Cyrus King, of 
Saco, Me., Elisha Ticknor, Esq., of Boston, Hon. Clifton Claggett, of 
Amherst, Hon. Dudley Chase, of Randolph, Yt., Gen. Henry A. S. Dear- 
born, of Boston, Hon. Jonathan H. Hubbard, of Windsor, Vt., Hon. 
George Sullivan, of Exeter, James T. Austin, Esq., of Boston, Hon. Levi 
Lincoln, Jr., of Worcester, Mass., Hon. Albion K. Parris, of Paris, Me., 
Amos Twitchell, M. D., of Keene, Hon. William A. Griswold, of Danville, 
Vt., Hon. Clement Storer, of Portsmouth, and Rev. David Sutherland, of 
Bath, Overseers of Dartmouth University. 



CONTENTS OF CULVER HALL. 

Culver Hall has 1. The Hall Collection of Minerals, worth S5,000 by 
estimate when presented to the College about forty years since. 2. Min- 
erals and rocks collected since, of no great value. 3. Minerals, fossils, and 
a collection of 2,000 specimens from Maine deposited by Professor Hitch- 
cock. 4. A small zoological collection. 5. A large cast of animals from 
Ward's University Series. 6. Antiquities. In the story below is one 
room devoted to an excellent herbarium, another to the natural objects 
obtained from the States of New Hampshire and Vermont. These are 
largely those collected by the State Geologist, consisting of 4,000-5,000 
specimens illustrating the rocks. A wall of sections, where specimens have 



454 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



been collected along thirteen lines east and west through New Hampshire 
and Vermont; and colored geological profiles behind, on the wall. A case 
of maps, ten in number, showing such physical features of New Hampshire 
as these : geological structure, surface geology, distribution of fauna, dis- 
tribution of trees, areas occupied by forests in 1874, hydrographic basins, 
isothermal lines, amount of annual rainfall, distribution of soils and the 
topography by means of contour lines. There is a large model or relief 
map of the State on a table, scale one mile to the inch horizontally, and 
1,000 feet to the inch vertically, about fifteen feet long, with the town 
boundaries, names of villages, rivers, ponds, railroads, and mountains in- 
serted in their proper places; other collections are of the economic prod- 
ucts of New Hampshire and Vermont, their minerals and fossils. A large 
collection of birds and 1,000 species of insects are here also, presented by 
Professor H. Fairbanks. 

The Geological recitation room has a large map of the United States in 
it, and a case of drawers containing minerals, rocks, fossils, models of 
crystals and other collections for use in giving instruction. The labora- 
tory is in two parts, one for general and the other for analytical instruc- 
tion. Agricultural College library in second story, and several recitation 
rooms. Small working shop for Thayer Department in the basement. 



PICTURES IN THE HALLS OF DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



1. Rev. Eleazar Wheelock, D. D., 

Founder. 

2. Rev. Francis Brown, D. D, 

3. The Same. 

4. Rev. Bennet Tyler, D. D. 

5. Rev. Nathan Lord, D. D., 

LL. D. 

6. Ebenezer Adams, A. M., F. R. S. 

7. Rev. Roswell Shurtleff, D. D. 

8. Nathan Smith, M. D. 

9. Cyrus Perkins, M. D. 

10. Charles B. Haddock, LL. D. 

11. William Chamberlain, A. M. 

12. Dixi Crosby, M. D., LL. D. 

13. Albert Smith, M. D., LL. D. 

14. Rev. Benjamin Hale, D. D. 

15. Ira Young, A. M. 

16. Rev. David Peabody, A. M. 

17. Rev. Sam'l G. Brown, D. D., 

LL. D. 

18. Rev. Dan'l J. Noyes, D. D. 

19. Edwin D. Sanborn, LL. D. 

20. Stephen Chase, A. M. 

21. Edmund R. Peaslee, M. D., 

LL.D. 

22. John S. Woodman, A. M. 

23. Rev. John N. Putnam, A. M. 

24. Rev. Charles A. Aiken, D. D., 

Ph.D. 



25. Hon. James W. Patterson, 

LL. D. 

26. William Legge, Second Earl of 

Dartmouth. 

27. John Phillips, LL. D. 

28. Rev. Nathaniel Whitaker, D. D. 

29. Hon. Daniel Webster, LL. D. 

30. The Same (large picture). 

31. The Same (head and bust). 

32. Hon. Jeremiah Mason, LL. D. 

33. Hon. Jeremiah Smith, LL. D. 

34. Hon. Joseph Hopkinson. 

35. Amos Twitchell, M. D. 

36. Richard Fletcher, LL. D. 

37. Hon. Matthew Harvey. 

38. Hon. Charles Marsh. 

39. Hon. Rufus Choate, LL. D. (in 

action). 

40. The Same (liead and bust). 

41. Richard B. Kimball, LL. D. 

42. Abiel Chandler. 

43. Siimuel Appleton, A. M. 

44. Rev. Samson Occom. 

45. John Conant. 

46. Gen. Sylvanus Thayer, LL. D. 
4 7. Hon. John Quincy Adams, 

LL. D. 

48. A Knight in Armor. 

49. A Lady (a companion picture). 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



455 



50. Supposed to be a portrait of an 

Italian poet. 

51. An untouched photograph of the 

original of Stuart's Wash- 
ington. 
62. An untouched photograph of 
Daniel Webster. 



53. A bust of Rey. Nathan Lord, 

D. D., LL. D. 

54. John Hubbard, A. M. 

55. Alpheus Crosby, A. M. 

56. Thomas R. Crosby, M. D. 

57. Pres. J. Wbeelock. 

58. Rev. George T. Chapman, D. D. 



The picture gallery also contains six slabs, with seven heroic figures, 
from Nineveh, the gift of Sir Henry Rawlinson, obtained by Rev. Austin 
H. Wright, D. D., of Ooroomiah, Persia. 



In 1862 an inventory of the Philosophical Apparatus belonging to the 
college was taken, and the transfer was made to the Appleton Fund ; the 
amount of this inventory was $2,352.75. While Rev. H. Fairbanks occu- 
pied the chair of Natural Philosophy about S800 was paid out. Prof. C. 
A. Young expended over $5,000 for apparatus while he had charge of the 
department. Most of the apparatus is in good condition, and its value is 
not far from $10,000. 

For the Astronomical Department Prof. C. A. Young raised among the 
Alumni and friends of the college, mostly in New England, over $5,000, 
to put the Observatory in good condition. 

Recent liberal donations to the College from the State, and from Hon. 
E. W. Stoughton, of New York, have enabled the Faculty to put the 
Medical Building in complete repair throughout. A suitable room for a 
Pathological Museum has been finished, which is frequently receiving 
specimens of diseased structure. The supply of plates, models, etc., is 
very ample, and is freely used in illustration of the lectures. 



LEADING DONORS TO THE ACADEMICAL DEPARTMENT, 
SINCE THE DEATH OF THE FOUNDER. 

Samuel Appleton, founder of the Appleton Professorship. 

George H. Bissell ($24,000), founder of Bissell Hall. 

Henry Bond, for the Library. 

Salmon P. Chase. 

David Culver ($25,000), founder of Culver Hall. 

William E. Dodge. 

Israel Evans, founder of the Evans Professorship. 

Richard Fletcher. 

James W. Grimes. 

Frederic Hall, founder of the Hall Professorship. 

Jeremiah Kingman, for Scholarships. 

Aaron Lawrence, founder of the Lawrence Professorship. 

Joel Parker, for the Library. 

John Phillips, founder of the Phillips Professorship. 

William Reed, founder of Reed Hall. 

George C. Sliattuck, founder of the Shattuck Observatory. 

Isaac Spalding. 

Edward S. Tobey. 

John Wentworth. 

Henry Winkley ($25,000). 

Miss Mary C. Bryant, for the Library. 



456 ' DAKTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

Mrs. Betsey "Whitehouse, for Scholarships. 
The sums given by the above average perhaps about Si 5, 000. 
It is worthy of remark that a majority of these donations were made or 
received during the administration of President Smith. 

There are at present ten principal edifices erected for the use of the va- 
rious departments of the College : 

Dartmouth Hall and the Medical College, erected during the adminis- 
tration of Pres. John Wheelock ; Thornton, Wentworth, and Reed Halls, 
Shattuck Observatory, and the Chandler Building, erected or completed 
during the administration of President Lord ; Bissell, Culver, and Conant 
Halls, erected during the administration of President Smith. 

During the latter period the President's chair received an endowment of 
$30,000, and more than sixty scholarships an endowment of $1,000 each. 

Recent bequests to the various departments from Tappan Wentworth, 
John D. Willard, Richard Fletcher, John S. Woodman, and Joel Parker 
will amount, when available, to over $700,000. 



///f 



CHARTER OF DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

GEORGE THE THIRD BY THE GRACE OF GOD, OF GREAT BRITAIN, 
FRANCE AND IRELAND, KING, DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, ETC. 

To all to ichom these presents shall come, Greeting : 

Whereas it hath been represented to our trusty and well-beloved John 
Wentworth, Esq., Governor and Commander-in-Chief, in and over our 
province of New Hampshire, in !New England in America, that the Rev. 
Eleazar Wheelock of Lebanon, in the colony of Connecticut, in New 
England aforesaid, now Doctor in Divinity, did, on or about the year of 
our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and fifty-four, at his own expense, 
on his OAvn estate and plantation, set on foot an Indian Charily School, and 
for several years, through the assistance of well disposed persons in Amer- 
ica, cloathed, maintained and educated a number of the children of the 
Indian natives, with a view to their carrying the gospel in their own lan- 
guage, and spreading the knowledge of the great Redeemer among their 
savage tribes, and hath actually employed a number of them as Mission- 
aries and School Masters in the wilderness for that purpose, and by the 
blessing of God upon the endeavors of said Wheelock, the design became 
reputable among the Indians, insomuch that a larger number desired the 
education of their children in said School, and were also disposed to re- 
ceive missionaries and school masters in the wilderness, more than could 
be supported by the charitable contributions in these American colonies. 

Whereupon the said Eleazar Wheelock thought it expedient that en- 
deavors should be used to raise contributions from well disposed persons 
in England, for the carrying on and extending said undertaking, and for 
that purpose said Eleazar Wheelock requested the Rev. Nathaniel Whita- 
ker, now Doctor in Divinity, to go over to England for that purpose, and 
sent over with him the Rev. Sampson Occom, an Indian minister, who 
had been educated by the said Wheelock. And to enable the said Whit- 
aker, to the more successful performance of said work on which he was 
sent, said Wheelock gave him a full power of attorney, by which said 
Whitaker solicited those worthy and generous contributors to the charity, 
viz. the Right Hon. William Earl of Dartmouth, the Hon. Sir Sidney 
Stafford Smythe, Knight, one of the Barons of his Majesty's Court of 
Exchequer, John Thornton, of Clapham, in the county of Surrey, Esq., 
Samuel Roffey, of Lincoln's Innfields, in the county of Middlesex, Esq., 
Charles Hardey, of the parish of St. Mary-le-bonne, in said county, Esq., 
Daniel West, of Christ's Church, Spitalfields, in the county aforesaid, Esq., 
Samuel Savage, of the same place, gentleman ; Josiah Robarts, of the par- 
ish of St. Edmund the King, Lombard Street, London, gentleman, and 
Robert Keen, of the parish of St. Botolph, Aldgate, London, gentleman ; 
to receive the several sums of money which should be contributed, and 
to be trustees to the contributors to such charity t which they cheerfully 
agreed to. 



458 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

Whereupon, the said Whitaker did, by virtue of said power of attor- 
ney, constitute and appoint the said Earl of Dartmouth, Sir Sidney Staf- 
ford Smythe, John Thornton, Samuel Roffey, Charles Hardey, and Daniel 
West, Esquires, and Samuel Savage, Josiah Robarts, and Robert Keen, 
gentlemen, to be trustees of the money which had then been contributed, 
and which should by his means be contributed for said purpose ; which 
trust they have accepted, as by their engrossed declaration of the same 
under their hands and seals, well executed fully appears, and the same 
hath also been ratified by a deed of trust, well executed by said Wheelock. 

And the said Wheelock further represents, that he has, by a power of 
attorney, for many weighty reasons, given full power to the said trustees, 
to fix upon and determine the place for said school, most subservient to 
the great end in view. And to enable them understandingly to give the 
preference, the said Wheelock has laid before the said trustees the several 
offers which have been generously made in the several governments in 
America to encourage and invite the settlement of said school among them 
for their own private emolument, and for the increase of learning in their 
respective places, as well as for the furtherance of the general design in 
view. 

And whereas a large number of the proprietors of lands in the western 
part of this our province of New Hampshire, animated and excited thereto 
by the generous example of his Excellency their Governor, and by the lib- 
eral contributions of many noblemen and gentlemen in England, and es- 
pecially by the consideration that such a situation would be as convenient 
as any for carrying on the great design among the Indians ; and also con- 
sidering that without the least impediment to the said design, the same 
school may be enlarged and improved to promote learning among the Eng- 
lish, and be a means to supply a great number of churches and congrega- 
tions which are likely soon to be formed in that new country, with a 
learned and orthodox ministry, they the said proprietors have promised 
large tracts of land for the uses aforesaid, provided the school shall be set- 
tled in the western part of our said province. 

And they the said Right Hon. Hon. and worthy trustees before men- 
tioned, having maturely considered the reasons and arguments in favor of 
the several places proposed, have given the preference to the western part 
of our said province, lying on Connecticut river, as a situation most con- 
venient for said school. 

And the said Wheelock has further represented a necessity of a legal 
incorporation, in order to the safety and well being of said seminary, and 
its being capable of the tenure and disposal of lands and bequests for the 
use of the same. And the said AVheelock has also represented, that for 
many weighty reasons, it will be expedient, at least in the infancy of said 
institution, or till it can be accommodated in that new country, and he 
and his friends be able to remove and settle by and round about it, that 
the gentlemen whom he has already nominated in his last will (which he 
has transmitted to the aforesaid gentlemen of the trust in England) to be 
trustees in America, should be of the corporation now proposed. And also 
as there are already large collections for said school in the hands of the 
aforesaid gentlemen of the trust in England, and all reason to believe from 
their signal wisdom, piety, and zeal, to promote the Redeemer's cause 
(which has already procured for them the utmost confidence of the king- 
dom) we may expect they will appoint successors in time to come, who will 
be men of the same spirit, whereby great good may and will accrue many 
ways to the institution, and much be done by their example and influence 
to encourage and facilitate the whole design in view ; for which reasons 
said Wheelock desires that the trustees aforesaid, may be vested with 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 459 

all that power therein which can consist with their distance from the 
same. 

Know ye therefore that We, considering the premises and being will- 
ing to encourage the laudable design of spreading Christian knowledge 
among the savages of our American wilderness. And also that the best 
means of education be established in our province of New Hampshire, for 
the benefit of said province, do, of our special grace, certain knowledge 
and mere motion, by and with the advice of our council for said province, 
by these presents will, ordain, grant and constitute that there be a college 
erected in our said province of New Hampshire, by the name of Dartmouth 
College, for the education and instruction of youths of the Indian tribes in 
this land, in reading, writing, and all parts of learning, which shall ap- 
pear necessary and expedient, for civilizing and christianizing the chil- 
dren of pagans, as well as in all liberal arts and sciences, and also of Eng- 
lish youths, and any others. And the trustees of said college may, and 
shall be, one body corporate and politic in deed, action and name, and 
shall be called, named, and distinguished by the name of The Trustees of 
Dartmouth College. 

And further. We have willed, given, granted, constituted and ordained, 
and by this our present charter, of our special grace, certain knowledge 
and mere motion, with the advice aforesaid, do for us, our heirs and suc- 
cessors forever, will, give, grant, constitute, and ordain, that there shall 
from henceforth and forever, be in the said Dartmouth College, a body 
politic, consisting of Trustees of Dartmouth College. And for the more 
full and perfect erection of said Corporation and body politic, consisting 
of Trustees of Dartmouth College, We, of our special grace, certain 
knowledge and mere motion, do, by these presents, for us, our heirs and 
successors, make, ordain, constitute and appoint, our trusty and well be- 
loved John Wentworth, Esquire, Governor of our said province, and the 
governor of our said province of New Hampshire, for the time being, and 
our trusty and well beloved Theodore Atkinson, Esquire, now president of 
our council of our said province, George Jaffrey and Daniel Pierce, 
Esqrs., both of our said council, and Peter Gilman, Esq., now Speaker of 
our House of Representatives in said province, and William Pitkin, Esq., 
one of the Assistants of our colony of Connecticut, and our trusty and 
well beloved Eleazar Wheelock, of Lebanon, Doctor in Divinity, Benja- 
min Pomeroy, of Hebron, James Lockwood, of Weathersfield, Timothy 
Pitkin and John Smalley, of Farmington, and William Patten of Hart- 
ford, all of our said colony of Connecticut, ministers of the gospel (the 
whole number of said trustees consisting, and hereafter forever to consist, 
of twelve and no more) to be trustees of said Dartmouth College, in this 
our province of New Hampshire. 

And We do further, of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere 
motion, for us, our heirs and successors, will, give, grant and appoint that 
the said trustees and their successors shall, forever hereafter, be in deed, 
act and name, a body corporate and politic, and that they the said body 
corporate and politic, shall be known and distinguished in all deeds, 
grants, bargains, sales, writings, evidences or otherwise however, and in 
all courts forever hereafter plead and be impleaded by the name of The 
Trustees of Dartmouth College. And that the said corporation by the 
name aforesaid, shall be able and in law capable for the use of said Dart- 
mouth College, to have, get, acquire, purchase, receive, hold, possess and 
enjoy, tenements, hereditaments, jurisdictions and franchises for them- 
selves and their successors, in fee simple or otherwise however, and to pur- 
chase, receive, or build any house or houses, or any other buildings, as 
they shall think needful and convenient for the use of said Dartmouth 



460 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

College, and in such town in the western part of our said province of New 
Hampshire, as shall, by said trustees, or the major part of them be agreed 
upon, their said agreement to be evidenced by an instrument in writing 
under their hands ascertaining the same. And also to receive and dispose 
of any lands, goods, chattels and other things of what nature soever, for 
the use aforesaid. And also to have, accept and receive any rents, profits, 
annuities, gifts, legacies, donations or bequests of any kind whatsoever for 
the use aforesaid : so nevertheless, that the yearly value of the premises 
do not exceed the sum of six thousand pounds sterling. And therewith or 
otherwise to support and pay, as the said trustees, or the major part of 
such of them as are regularly convened for that purpose, shall agree; the 
president, tutors, and other officers and ministers of said Dartmouth Col- 
lege, and also to pay all such missionaries and school masters as shall be 
authorized, appointed and employed by them for civilizing, Christianizing, 
and instructing the Indian natives of this land, their several allowances, 
and also their respective annual salaries or allowances, and also such nec- 
essary and contingent charges, as from time to time shall arise and accrue, 
relating to said Dartmouth College. And also to bargain, sell, let or as- 
sign lands, tenements, hereditaments, ^goods or chattels, and all other 
things whatsoever, by the name aforesaid, in as full and ample a manner, 
to all intents and purposes as a natural person or other body corporate or 
politic, is able to do by the laws of our realm of Great Britain, or of said 
province of New Hampshire. 

And further, of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, 
to the intent that our said corporation and body politic may answer the 
end of their erection and constitution, and may have perpetual succession 
and continuance forever. We do for us, our heirs and successors, will, give 
and grant unto the said trustees of Dartmouth College, and to their suc- 
cessors forever, that there shall be once a year, and every year, a meeting 
of said trustees, held at said Dartmouth College, at such time as by said 
trustees, or the major part of them, at any legal meeting of said trustees 
shall be agreed on. The first meeting to be called by the said Eleazar 
Wheelock, as soon as conveniently may be, within one year next after the 
enrolment of these our letters patent, at such time and place as he shall 
judge proper. And the said trustees, or the major part of any seven or 
more of them, shall then determine on the time for holding the annual 
meeting aforesaid, which may be altered as they shall hereafter find most 
convenient. 

And We do further ordain and direct, that the said Eleazar Wheelock 
shall notify the time for holding the first meeting to be called as aforesaid, 
by sending a letter to each of said trustees, and causing an advertisement 
thereof to be printed in the " New Hampshire Gazette," and in some pub- 
lic newspaper printed in the colony of Connecticut. But in case of the 
death or incapacity of said Wheelock, then such meeting to be notified in 
manner as aforesaid, by the Governor or Commander in Chief of our said 
province for the time being. 

And We also, for us, our heirs and successors, hereby will, give and 
grant unto the said trustees of Dartmouth College aforesaid, and to their 
successors forever, that when any seven or more of the said trustees or 
their successors are convened and met together for the service of said 
Dartmouth College, at any time or times, such seven or more shall be capa- 
ble to act as fully and amply to all intents and purposes, as if all the trus- 
tees of said College were personally present ; and all affairs and actions 
whatsoever, under the care of said trustees, shall be determined by the 
majority or greater number of those seven or more trustees, so convened 
and met tosether. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 461 

And we do further will, ordain and direct, that 'the president, trustees, 
professors, and tutors, and all such officers as shall be appointed for the 
public instruction and government of said College, shall, before they under- 
take the execution of their respective offices or trusts, or within one year 
after, take the oaths and subscribe the declaration, provided by an act of 
Parliament, made in the first year of King George the First, entitled, 
" An Act for the further security of his Majesty's person and government, 
and the succession of the Crown in the heirs of the late Princess Sophia 
being Protestants, and for the extinguishing the hopes of the pretended 
Prince of AVales, and his open and secret abettors," that is to say, the 
president before the governor of our said province for the time being, or 
by one empowered by him to that service, or by the president of our coun- 
cil, and the trustees, professors, tutors and other officers before the presi- 
dent of said college, for the time being, who is hereby empowered to ad- 
minister the same : an entry of all which shall be made in the records of 
the said college. * 

And we do for us, our heirs and successors, hereby will, give and grant 
full power and authority to the president, hereafter by us named, and to 
his successors, or in case of his failure, to any three or more of said trus- 
tees, to appoint other occasional meetings, from time to time, of the said 
seven trustees, or any greater number of them, to transact any matter or 
thing necessary to be done, before the next annual meeting, and to order 
notice to the said seven or any greater number of them, of the times and 
places of meetings for the services aforesaid, by a letter under his or their 
hands of the same, one month before said meeting. Provided always, that 
no standing rule or order be made or altered' for the regulation of said 
college, or any president or professor be chosen or displaced, or any other 
matter or thing transacted or done, which shall continue in force after the 
then next annual meeting of said trustees as aforesaid. 

And further. We do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, 
create, make, constitute, nominate and appoint our trusty and well be- 
loved Eleazar Wheelock, Doctor in Divinity, the founder of said college, 
to be president of said Dartmouth College, and to have the immediate 
care of the education and government of such students, as shall be ad- 
mitted into said Dartmouth College, for instruction and education ; and 
do will, give and grant to him in said office, full power, authority and 
right to nominate, appoint, constitute and ordain by his last will, such 
suitable and meet person or persons as he shall choose, to succeed him in 
the presidency of said Dartmouth College ; and the person so appointed 
by his last will, to continue in office, vested with all the powers, privileges, 
jurisdiction and authority of a president of said Dartmouth College, that 
is to say, so long as until such appointment, by said last will, shall be dis- 
approved by the trustees of said Dartmouth College. 

And We do also for us, our heirs and successors, will, give and grant to 
the said trustees of Dartmouth College, and to their successors forever, or 
any seven or more of them, convened as aforesaid, that in case of the 
ceasing or failure of a president, by any means whatsoever, that the said 
trustees do elect, nominate and appoint such qualified person, as they, or 
the major part of any seven or more of them, convened for that purpose, 
as above directed, shall think fit, to be president of said Dartmouth Col- 
lege, and to have the care of the education and government of the students 
as aforesaid. And in case of the ceasing of a president as aforesaid, the 
senior professor or tutor, being one of the trustees, shall exercise the office 
of a president, until the trustees shall make choice of, and appoint a pres- 
ident as aforesaid; and such professor or tutor, or any three or more of 
the trustees, shall immediately appoint a meeting of the body of the trus- 



462 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

tees for the purpose aforesaid. And also, We do will, give and grant to 
the said trustees, convened as aforesaid, that they elect, nominate and ap- 
point, so many tutors and professors, to assist the president in the educa- 
tion and government of the students belonging thereto as they the said 
trustees shall, from time to time, and at any time think needful and serv- 
iceable to the interests of said Dartmouth College. And also that the 
said trustees, or their successors, or the major part of any seven or more 
of them, convened for that purpose as above directed, shall at any time 
displace and discharge from the service of said Dartmouth College, any or 
all such oiScers, and elect others in their room and stead as before di- 
rected. And also that the said trustees or their successors, or the major 
part of any seven of them which shall convene for that purpose as abpve 
directed, do from time to time as occasion shall require, elect, constitute 
and appoint a treasurer, a clerk, an usher and a steward, for the said 
Dartmouth College, and appoint to them, and each of them, their respect- 
ive businesses and trust ; and displace and discharge from the service of 
said college, such treasurer, clerk, usher or steward, and elect others in 
their room and stead; which officers so elected as before directed. We do 
for us, our heirs and successors, by these presents constitute and establish 
in their respective offices, and do give to each and every of them, full, 
power and authority, to exercise the same in said Dartmouth College, ac- 
cording to the directions and during the pleasure of the said trustees, as 
fully and freely as any like officers in any of our universities, colleges, or 
seminaries of learning, in our realm of Great Britain, lawfully may or 
ought to do. 

And also, that the said trustees or their successors, or the major part of 
any seven or more of them, which shall convene for that purpose, as is 
above directed, as often as one or more of said trustees shall die, or by re- 
moval or otherwise shall, according to their judgment become unfit or in- 
capable to serve the interests of- said college, do, as soon as may be, after 
the death, removal, or such unfitness or incapacity of such trustee or trus- 
tees, elect and appoint such trustee or trustees as shall supply the place of 
him or them so dying, or becoming incapable to serve the interests of said 
college; and every trustee so elected and appointed, shall, by virtue of 
these presents, and such election and appointment, be vested with all the 
powers and privileges which any of the other trustees of said college are 
hereby vested with. And We do further will, ordain and direct, that from 
and after the expiration of two years from the enrolment of these pres- 
ents, such vacancy or vacancies shall be filled up unto the complete num- 
ber of tiuelve Trustees, eight of the aforesaid whole number of the body of 
the trustees shall be resident and respectable freeholders of our said Prov- 
ince of Neic Hampshire, and seven of said whole number shall be laymen. 

And We do further of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere 
motion, will, give and grant unto the said trustees of Dartmouth College 
that they and their successors, or the major part of any seven of them 
which shall convene for that purpose as above directed, may make, and 
they are hereby fully empowered from time to time fully and lawfully to 
make and establish such ordinances, orders and laws, as may tend to the 
good and wholesome government of the said College, and all the students 
and the several officers and ministers thereof, and to the public benefit of 
the same, not repugnant to the laws and statutes of our realm of Great 
Britain or of this our province of Neio Hampshire (and not excluding any 
person of any religious denomination whatsoever from free and equal lib- 
erty and advantage of education, or from any of the liberties and privi- 
leges or immunities of the said College on account of his or their specula- 
tive sentiments in religion, and of his or their being of a religious profession 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 463 

different from the said Trustees of the said Dartmouth College'), and such 
ordinances, orders and laws which shall as aforesaid be made, we do by 
these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, ratify, allow of and con- 
firm, as good and effectual to oblige and bind all the students and the 
several officers and ministers of said College. And We do hereby au- 
thorize and empower the said Trustees of Dartmouth College, and the 
president, tutors and professors by them elected and appointed as afore- 
said, to put such ordinances, laws and orders into execution to all intents 
and purposes. 

And We do further of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere 
motion, will, give and grant unto the said Trustees, of said Dartmouth Col- 
lege, for the encouragement of learning and animating the students of said 
College to diligence and industry and a laudable progress in literature, that 
they and their successors, or the major part of any seven or more of them 
convened for that purpose as above directed, do by the President of said 
College for the time being, or any other deputed by them, give and grant 
any such degree or degrees to any of the students of the said College, or 
any others by them thought worthy thereof, as are usually granted in either 
of the Universities or any other College in our realm of Great Britain ; and 
. that they sign and seal diplomas or certificates of such graduations to be 
kept by the graduates as perpetual memorials and testimonies thereof. 

And We do further of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere 
motion, for us, our heirs and successors, by these presents give and grant 
unto the Trustees of said Dartmouth College and to their successors, that 
they and their successors shall have a common seal under which they may 
pass all diplomas or certificates of degrees, and all other affairs of business 
of and concerning the said College, which shall be engraven in such form 
and with such an inscription as shall be devised by the said Trustees for 
the time being, or by the major part of any seven or more of them con- 
vened for the service of said College as is above directed. 

And We do further for us our heirs and successors, give and grant unto 
the Trustees of said Dartmouth College and their successors, or to the major 
part of any seven or more of them convened for the service of said College, 
full power and authority from time to time to nominate and appoint all 
other officers and ministers which they shall think convenient and neces- 
sary for the service of the said College not herein particularly named or 
mentioned; which officers and ministers we do hereby impower to execute 
their offices and trusts as fully and freely as any one of the officers and 
ministers in our Universities or Colleges in our realm of Great Britain law- 
fully may or ought to do. 

And further, that the generous contributors to the support of this de- 
sign of spreading the knowledge of the only true God and Saviour among 
the American savages, may from time to time be satisfied that their libera- 
tions are faithfully disposed of in the best manner for that purpose, and 
that others may in future time be encouraged in the exercise of the like 
liberality for promoting the same pious design ; it shall be the duty of the 
President of said Dartmouth College and of his successors, annually or as 
often as he shall be thereunto desired or requested, to transmit to the 
Right Hon., Hon. and worthy Gentlemen of the trust in Etigland before 
mentioned, a faithful account of the improvements and disbursements of 
the several sums he shall receive from the donations and bequests made in 
England through the hands of the said Trustees, and also advise them of 
the general plans laid and prospects exhibited, as well as a faithful account 
of all remarkable occurrences, in order if they shall think expedient that 
they may be published. And this to continue so long as they shall perpet- 
uate their board of Trust, and there shall be any of the Indian natives 
remaining to be proper objects of that charity. 



464 DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 

And lastly, our express will and pleasure is, and We do by these pres- 
ents for us our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the said Trustees 
of Dartmouth College and to their successors forever, that these our letters 
patent or the enrolment thereof in the Secretary's office of our province 
of New Hampshire aforesaid, shall be good and effectual in law to all in- 
tents and purposes against us our heirs and successors, without any other 
license, grant or confirmation from us our heirs and successors hereafter 
by the said Trustees to be had and obtained, notwithstanding the not writ- 
ing or misrecital, not naming or misnaming the aforesaid offices, franchises, 
privileges, immunities, or other the premises or any of them, and notwith- 
standing a writ of ad quod damnum hath not issued forth to enquire of the 
premises or any of them before the ensealing hereof, any statute, act, or- 
dinance or proviso, or any other matter or thing to the contrary notwith- 
standing. 

To have and to hold, all and singular the privileges, advantages, lib- 
erties, immunities, and all other the premises herein and hereby granted 
and given, or which are meant, mentioned, or intended to be herein and 
hereby given and granted unto them the said Trustees of Dartmouth Col- 
lege and to their successors forever. 

In Testimony whereof We have caused these our letters to be made 
patent, and the public seal of our said province of New Hampshire to be 
hereunto affixed. 

Witness our trusty and well beloved John Wentworth, Esq., Governor 
and Commander in Chief in and over our said Province, etc., this thir- 
teenth day of December, in the tenth year of our reign, and in the year of 
our Lord one thousand seven hundred and sixty-nine. 

J. WENTWORTH. 
By his Excellency's command \ 

with the advice of Council. > 

Theodoke Atkinson, Secretary. 

L Locus "I 
Sigilli. J 



INDEX. 



Abbott, 276. 

Accum, r., 272. 

Adams, D., 405. 

Adams, Ebenezer, 90, 112, 126, 235, 

239, 241, 243, 244, 287, 291, 295, 404. 
Adams, Eliza, 291. 
Adams, Ephraim, 241. 
Adams, John, 77. 
Adams, Joseph, 16, 17, 18. 
Adams, J. 0., 165, 166. 
Adams, R. L., 241. 
Aiken, C. A., 337. 
Aiken, J., 394. 
Aiken, S., 337, 370, 394. 
Akerman, A. T., 401. 
Albany Medical School, 359. 
Alexander, A., 233. 
Allen, D. H., 403. 
Allen, E. A., 166. 
Allen, H., 400. 
Allen, S. C, 97, 400. 
Allen, Thomas, 35. 
Allen, Timothy, 20. 
Allen, W., 72, 76. 
Alvord, J. C, 401. 
Amherst College, 247, 389, 402. 
Amherst, J., 23. 
Anderson, R., 277, 396, 397. 
Andover Theological Seminary, 169, 

249, 277, 287, 304, 319, 321, 330, 389, 

396. 
Andral, 361. 
Andrews, G. L., 378. 
Antietam, 407. 
Appleton, J., 119, 127, 169, 276, 396, 

402, 405. 
Appleton, S., 162, 391. 
Arnold, L. H., 400. 
Arnold, T., 206. 
Atkinson, G. H., 403. 
Atkinson, T., 51, 52. 
Auburn Theological Seminary, 330, 

331, 336. 
Austin, 222. 

Backus, C, 233, 245. 
Backus, S., 401. 



Badger, J., 310. 

Bailey, K., 397. 

Bailey, M., 403. 

Bailey, R. W., 337, 403. 

Baker, W. L., 407. 

Bancroft, C. F. P., 404. 

Bancroft, J. P., 406. 

Bangor Theological Seminary, 397. 

Bannister, 165. 

Barber, J., 20. 

Barker, F., 360. 

Barnard, W. E., 403. 

Barrett, J., 186, 401. 

Barstow, J. W., 354, 363. 

Barstow, Z. S., 174. 

Bartlett, E., 345, 366. 

Bartlett, I., 114, 400. 

Bartlett, S. C, 186, 190, 337, 358, 405, 

408. 
Bartlett, W. H., 401. 
Barton, B. S., 350. 
Bates College, 402. 
Baylies, N., 401. 
Beattie, 380. 
Bedel, 76. 
Bell, J., 400. 
Bell, L. v., 406. 
Bell, S., 394, 400, 406. 
Bell, S. N., 400. 
Bellamy, J., 8, 89. 
Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 359, 

366. 
Berkeley, G., 3, 4, 9. 
Bermuda, College at, 3. 
Bernard, 361. 
Bernard, Sir F., 49. 
Betton, S., 400. 
Bickmore, A. S., 403. 
Bigelow, A., 400. 
Bigelow, J., 265. 
Bigelow, T., 107. 
Bingham, 220. 
Bingham, A., 13. 
Bingham, C, 338, 404, 405. 
Birney, 399. 
Bissell, C, 390. 
Bissell, G. H., 390, 407. 



466 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Bissell, W. H., 390. 

Blaisdell, J. J., 403. 

Blauchard, J., 400. 

Blois, 79. 

Boardman, B., 20. 

Boardman, H. E. J., 403. 

Bond, H., 162, 337, 392, 405. 

Bonney, B. W., 401. 

Bouton, J. B., 405. 

Bouton, N., 171, 172, 394. 

Bowdoin College, 169, 276, 277, 278, 

351, 358, 362, 366, 402. 
Boyle, R., 2, 3, 4, 12. 
Bradford, 53. 
Bradford, E. P., 100. 
Bradford, W., 8. 
Brainerd, D., 12. 
Brainerd, J., 12. 
Brant, J., 29. 
Breck, D., 400. 
Brewer, F. B., 407. 
Briggs, 166. 
Brigham, E., 400. 
Brigham, L., 305. 
Brigham, L. F., 401. 
Brigham, M., 305. 
Brown, A., 403, 407. 
Brown, A. H., 403, 406. 
Brown, B., 117. 
Brown, E. G., 120, 260, 262. 
Brown, F., 100, 108, 112, 117, 119, 120, 

121, 123, 124, 126, 127, 213, 242, 338, 

408. 
Brown, J., 337, 397. 
Brown, J. P., 406. 
Brown, P. K., 117. 
Brown, S. G., 120, 186, 238, 248, 307, 

308, 313,315, 316, 321, 336. 
Brown University, 212. 
Brunson, D., 400. 
Buffum, J., 400. 
Bullen, H. L., 403. 
Bull Run, 407. 
Burleigh, W., 387. 
Burlingame, 184. 
Burnham, A., 392, 397. 
Burr, A., 8. 
Burroughs, E., 9, 212. 
Burton, A., 397, 405. 
Bush, G., 403, 405. 
Butler, C, 338, 404. 
Bvles, M., 20. 
B^rd, W., 3. 

Caghnawaga Chiefs, 67. 
Caldwell, H. M., 407. 
California, College of, 403. 
Calvin, J., 120. 
Carroll, C. W., 407. 
Carter, E., 257, 404. 
Carter, K H., 257, 258, 405. 
Carteret, 3. 



Casey, 365. 

Centennial Celebration, 183. 
Chamberlain, J. E., 256. 
Chamberlain, S. L. G., 260, 262, 326. 
Chamberlain, W., 256, 257, 260, 261, 

262, 263, 280, 283, 326. 
Chamberlain, W. M., 360. 
Chamberlin, G. E., 407. 
Chandler, 30. 

Chandler, A., 367, 369, 381, 382. 
Chapman, 350. 

Chapman, G. T., 189, 397, 403. 
Chase, B. P., 298. 
Chase, C. C, 285. 
Chase, D., 400. 
Chase, E., 349. 
Chase, J., 349. 
Chase, M. C, 298. 
Chase, P., 397, 402. 
Chase, Sarah, 349. 
Chase, Stephen, 298, 299,300,301,302, 

303, 326,327, 371. 
Chase, S. P., 139, 183, 186, 392, 399. 
Chenery, 6. 
Cheney, 0. B., 402. 
Chesley, M. A., 329. 
Chesley, S. P., 329. 
Chicago Theological Seminary, 190. 
Chipman, D., 400. 
Chittenden, M., 400. 
Choate, R., 117, 123, 185, 193, 240, 287, 

337, 399, 405. 
Church, J. H., 393. 
Churchill, C. H., 403. 
Clap, T,, 8, 41, 58, 88. 
Clare HaU, 6. 
Clark, A., 31, 34. 
Clark, Daniel, 186, 400. 
Clark, Dorus, 247. 
Clark, E. W., 397. 
Clarke, A. W., 403. 
Clarke, I. L., 407. 
Clay, H., 400. 

Cleaveland, C. D., 403, 405. 
Cleaveland, E., 35, 37, 38, 217. 
Cleaveland, M., 217. 
Clyde, 79, 290. 
Cogswell, F., 407. 
Cogswell, J., 309. 
Cogswell, J. B., 309. 
Cogswell, J. G., 265. 
Cogswell, W., 298, 309, 311, 312, 313, 

315. 
Coke, 116. 
Colby, J. K., 404. 
Cold" Harbor, 407. 
Collar, 289. 
Collins, 222. 
Collins' Peerage, 380. 
Colman, 4. 

Colman, H., 405, 406. 
Columbia, 31. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



467 



Columbia College, 281. 

Columbian College, 376. 

Comings, G. P., 403. 

Commerce, Journal of, 260. 

Conant, J., 382, 383. 

Conner, P. S., 406. 

Converse, A., 405. 

Cook, A. J., 404. 

Cooke, G., 403. 

Cooper, Sir A., 352. 

Cotton, 1. 

Cotton, W., 17, 18. 

Craft, J., 6. 

Crane, C, 337. 

Crosby, 406. 

Crosby, Alpheus, 141, 182, 276, 283, 

284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 316, 

317, 405. 
Crosby, Asa, 283, 354. 
Crosby, A. B., 339, 345, 349, 363, 364, 

366. 
Crosby, A. G. J. C, 288. 
Crosby, A. R., 283. 
Crosbv, D., 339, 345,354, 355,356,357, 

363,' 364. 
Crosby, M. J. M., 363. 
Crosby, N., 182, 258, 388, 405. 
Crosby, T. R., 375. 
Culver, D., 374, 390, 391. 
Currier, A. N., 403. 
Curtis, A., 167, 405. 
Gushing, J. P., 402. 
Cushman, 43. 
Cutler, A. C. G. J., 288. 
Cutler, A. G. J., 288. 
Cutler, J., 288. 
Cutting, J., 401. 

Daggett, 58. 

Dana, C. B., 403. 

Dana, D., 126, 127, 129, 131, 132, 310, 

408. 
Dana, E. C, 132. 
Dana, James F., 256, 271, 272, 273, 274, 

275, 278, 279, 344, 345. 
Dana, Jonathan P., 271. 
Dana, Joseph, 403. 
Dana, Judah, 338, 400. 
Dana, L., 271. 
Dana, L. G., 271. 
Dana, R., 271. 
Dana, S., 271. 
Dana, S. E., 132. 
Dana, S. L., 271. 
Dartmouth Controversy, 88. 
Dartmouth, Earl of, 4, 23, 25, 27, 28, 

31, 39, 41, 42, 47, 48, 72, 78, 380, 381. 
Dartmouth Hall, Erection of, 80. 
Davenport, J., 71. 
Davis, 272. 
Davis, C. A., 407. 
Davis, E., 247, 248. 



Davis, M., 163, 164. 

Deaf Mutes, College for, 402. 

Dean, J., 57, 219, 257, 258, 337, 403. 

DeBerdt, 41. 

Dedham, 6, 7, 55, 310, 313. 

Delamater, J., 345, 366. 

Delancey, W. H., 282. 

Delano, S., 394. 

Dickinson, A., 397. 

Dickinson, S. F., 402. 

Dimond, D., 403. 

Dimond, E. W., 374, 375. 

Dingley, N., 401. 

Dinsmoor, S., 400, 401. 

Dixwell, J. J., 368. 

Doddridge, P., 253. 

Doe, C, 401. 

Dorsey, 350. 

Douglass, 283. 

Dover Town Records, 15. 

Downer, J., 401. 

Draper, G., 403. 

Dresden, 167. 

Drury College, 403. 

Drury, P., 246. 

Drury, T., 246. 

Dudley, T., 6. 

Dumas, 77. 

Duncan, W. H., 167, 183, 186, 392. 

Dunham, J., 82, 338. 

Dunning, B., 20. 

Durell, D. M., 400. 

Durkee, S., 405. 

Duvall, 114. 

Dyer, E., 41. 

Dyke, H. M., 407. 

Eastman, L A., 171, 400. 

Eastman, T., 213. 

East Tennessee, College of, 403. 

East "Windsor Theological Seminary, 

138, 397. 
Eaton, J., 404. 
Eaton, S., 6. 

Edinburgh, University of 35, 
Edwards, J., 5, 10, 75^. 
Edwards, T. M., 400, 407. 
Eells, N., 20. 
Eliot, 1. 

Eliot, John, 7, 263. 
Ellis, J. M., 403. 
Emerson, C. F., 337. 
Emerson, J. S., 338, 397. 
Emery, N., 401. 
Emmet, T. A., 358, 360. 
Emmons, N., 397. 
Erskine, 41, 57, 71. 
Estabrook, H., 20. 
Estabrook, J., 403. 
Evans, L, 82, 392. 
Evarts, W. M., 399. 
Everett, Alexander, 265. 



468 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Everett, Augustus, 403. 
Everett, D., 405. 
Everett, E., 403. 
Exeter Donation, 15. 

Fairbanks, H., 337. 

Fairfield Medical College, 351. 

Farusworth, B. F., 403. 

Farrar, C. S., 403. 

Farrar, T., 108, 394. 

Fellows, S., 407. 

Felt, J. B., 405. 

Fessenden, T. G., 405, 407. 

Field, H. M., 366. 

Field, W. A., 400. 

Fillmore, M., 253. 

First effort to found a College in Amer- 
ica, 2, 

Fish, J., 20. 

Fisk, M. H., 403. 

Fiske, J., 397. 

Fiske, M., 337. 

Fiske, N. W., 337, 397, 402, 405. 

Fitch, 41, 245. 

Fitch, J., 7. 

Flanders, B. F., 400. 

Fletcher, I., 400. 

Fletcher, Richard, 189, 386, 387, 393, 
394, 400. 

Fletcher, Robert, 376, 377. 

Fletcher, S., 370, 394. 

Flint, 360. 

Fogg, G. G., 400, 401. 

Folsom, N. S., 136, 138, 253, 260, 330, 
403, 405. 

Forbes, 380. 

Forsythe, 79. 

Foster, 20. 

Foster, A., 397. 

Foster, C, 407- 

Foster, C. L., 407. 

Foster, D., 407. 

Foster, S., 403. 

Fowler, D., 14. 

Fowler, Jacob, 338. 

Fowler, Joseph, 20. 

Fox, J., 258. 

Franklin, B., 58, 77. 

Fredericksburg, 407. 

Freeman, E., 53. 

Freeman, J., 53, 394. 

Frink, A., 241. 

Frost, C. P., 366. 

Frost, E. B., 407. 

Fuller, 6. 

Fuller, H. T., 404. 

Furber, D. L., 303, 322. 

Gale, N., 132. 
Gallup, J. A., 406. 
Gardiner, R. H., 278. 
Gates, 76. 



Geneva College, 281, 282, 283. 

George II., 3. 

George III., 380. 

Gerrish, A., 387. 

Gifford, A., 14, 71. 

Gilbert, Samuel, 50. 

Gilbert, Sylvester, 400. 

Gillett, E., 397. 

Oilman, Joseph, 260. 

Oilman, Josiah, 262. 

Oilman, N., 262. 

Oilman, P., 22, 51. 

Oilman, T., 120. 

Gilmanton Theological Seminary, 311, 

314. 
Gladstone, 193, 206. 
Goddard, C, 400. 
Godding, W. W., 406. 
Gooch, D. W., 400. 
Goodell, W., 397. 
Goodhue, A. B., 403. 
Goodrich, C. B., 401. 
Goodwin, L, 303. 
Goodwin, J. N., 400. 
Goodwin, S. T., 303. 
Gookin, N., 17, 18. 
Gotham, 271. 
Grant, U. S., 407. 
Graves, M., 20. 
Graves, R., 343, 402. 
Gray, S., 59. 
Greeley, A., 120. 
Greenleaf, B., 404, 405. 
Gregg, J., 330, 336, 337, 403. 
Orennell, 0., 400. 
Griffith, R., 78. 
Grimes, J. W., 400. 
Griswold, 280. 
Orosvenor, C. P., 403. 
Orover, J., 57. 
Gurley, E., 57. 

Haddock, A. W., 248. 

Haddock, C. B., 117, 120, 140, 241, 248, 

249, 250, 251. 252, 253, 254, 255,269, 

329, 401, 405. 
Haddock, W. T., 248. 
Hadley, J., 403, 406. 
Hagar, 287. 
Hale, B., 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 

282, 283, 345. 
Hale, T., 276. 
Halifax, Lord, 41. 
Hall, F., 337, 392, 403. 
Hamilton College, 73, 119, 120, 186. 
Hampden Sidney College, 402. 
Handel Society, 318. 
Hanover, Press in, 163. 
Hardy, 14. 
Hardv, C, 39. 
Harrfs, W., 397. 
Hartford Theological Seminary, 397. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



469 



Harvard College, 15, 48, 50, 73, 250, 
263, 271, 272, 275, 316, 381, 386, 389, 
390, 392, 393, 402. 

Harvey, M., 189, 400. 

Harwood, T., 12. 

Haskell, F. A., 407. 

Haven, N. A., 100. 

Haven, S., 17, 18, 20. 

Hayes, F. B., 368. 

Hayes, J. L., 405. 

Hayes, J. M., 403. 

Hayes, W. A., 338, 406. 

Hazen, H. A., 167, 405. 

Heath, R. R., 401. 

Hebron, 8, 12, 20, 31. 

Henry, C. S., 403, 404. 

Hibbard, A., 57. 

Hibbard, H., 400. 

Hill, L, 142. 

Hinckley, 0. S., 337, 403. 

Hitchcock, C. H., 337. 

Hitchcock, H. O., 406. 

Hobart College, 282. 

Hoit, 354. 

Hoit, B., 354. 

Hollenbush, C. G., 407. 

Holmes, J., 113. 

Holmes, 0. W., 345, 366. 

Holyoke, 266. 

Hood, J. E., 165, 166, 167. 

Hooker, T., 7, 75. 

Hopkins, E., 407. 

Hopkins, S., 405. 

Hopkinson, J., 113, 

Hovey, A., 398, 405. 

Hovey, C. E., 404. 

Hovey, E. 0., 403. 

How, L. B., 345, 366. 

Howard, 382. 

Howard, T., 12. 

Howe, 350. 

Howe, G., 140, 336. 

Hubbard, H., 400. 

Hubbard, H. J., 225. 

Hubbard, J., 225, 226, 228, 241, 401, 
404. 

Hubbard, O. P., 336, 345, 366, 378. 

Hubbard, S., 393. 

Hubbard, W., 263. 

Hudnut, J. 0., 403. 

Hulbert, C. B., 402. 

Hunt, J., 400. 

Huntington, C, 7. 

Huntington, D., 57. 

Huntington Family Memoir, 7. 

Huntington, J., 76. 

Huntington, M., 7. 

Huntington, R., 7. 

Hurd, S., 403. 

Hutchins, A. E., 407. 

Hutchinson, 220. 

Hyde, A., 397, 402. 



Illinois College, 403. 

Jackson, L., 230, 231. 

Jackson, W., 397, 402. 

Jacob, S., 394. 

JafFrey, G., 51. 

James, 350. 

Jarvis, R., 405. 

JefFerson Medical College, 366. 

JelTerson, T., 101. 

Jewett, D., 20. 

Jewett, L., 400. 

Jewett, M. P., 403. 

Johnson, D., 71. 

Johnson, 0., 316, 338, 404. 

Johnson, Sir W., 29, 30, 219. 

Joy, J. F., 402, 407. 

Jubilee College, 402. 

Judson, 222. 

Keen, R., 39, 42, 70, 222. 
Kelly, J., 370. 
Kendall, A., 401, 402. 
Kendall, T., 57. 
Kendrick, J., 403. 
Kendrick, M. T., 362. 
Kendrick, S., 362. 
Kent, G., 186. 
Kenyon College, 402. 
Kimball, G., 406. 
Kimball, R., 255. 
Kimball, R. B., 186, 405. 
King, C, 278. 
King, M. C, 278. 
Kingman, Jeremiah, 392. 
Kingman, Joseph, 290. 
Kingman, M., 290. 
Kirkland, J. T., 73. 
Kirkland, S., 72, 73. 
Kirtland, D., 20. 
Kirtland, S., 55. 
Kittredge, G. W., 387. 
Knapp, S. L., 405. 
Knox, 65. 

Labaree, B., 402. 

Laennec, 361. 

Lancaster, D., 257, 260, 309, 312. 

LandafF, 36, 70,81,83, 116. 

Lang, R., 255. 

Lang, S. S., 255. 

Langdon, S., 17, 18, 20, 43, 65. 

Lansing, A. J., 35. 

Lawrence, A., 392. 

Lebanon, Conn., 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 18, 

25, 31, 35, 43, 53, 59, 71, 76, 220, 

223. 
Ledyard, 45. 
Leeds, S. P., 324. 
Library, Origin of, 70. 
Lincoln, A., 202. 
Lincoln, N. S., 403, 406. 



470 



DAETMQUTH COLLEGE. 



Little, A., 276. 

Little, E., 20. 

Little, J., 276. 

Little, M., 276. 

Lockwood, J., 52. 

Long, C, 228, 316, 329, 330, 331, 336, 

404. 
Long Island Medical College, 366. 
Long, M. C, 329. 
Long, S., 329. 
Lord, E. K. L., 176. 
Lord, J., 168, 405. 
Lord, J. K., 337, 397. 
Lord, M. P., 168. 
Lord, N., 131, 143, 157, 167, 168, 169, 

170, 175, 176, 256, 293, 298,306,308, 

329, 331, 369, 391, 408. 
Lothian, Marquis of, 14. 
Lothrop, E., 20. 
Louis, 347, 361. 
Lowe, A. T., 348. 
Lundy's Lane, 407. 
Luzerne, Chevalier de, 77. 
Lyman, J., 188. 
Lyman, J. S., 400. 
Lyman, P., 41. 
Lyon, A., 400. 

Macclion, 78. 

Mack, A., 337, 404, 

Malgaigne, 361. 

Mann, T., 165. 

March, C, 22. 

Marsh, 9. 

Marsh, C, 90, 96, 107, 392, 400. 

Marsh, G. P., 400, 401, 405. 

Marsh, J., 287, 337, 402, 404. 

Marsh, L., 403. 

Marshall, J., 113, 122, 189, 195. 

Marston, G., 400. 

Mason, 9. 

Mason, D., 217. 

Mason, J., 96, 114, 124, 125, 392, 400. 

Mason, S., 217. 

Mather, A., 37. 

Mattoon, E., 400, 407. 

May hew, 1. 

McClure, D., 8, 58, 65, 221. 

McDowell, E., 359. 

McFarland, A., 105, 106, 107, 337, 394, 

397. 
Mclntire, R., 400. 
McKeen, J., 169, 402. 
Meadville Theological Seminary, 136. 
Medfield, 6. 
Mendon, 6. 

Merrill, T. A., 337, 397, 402. 
Merton College, 203. 
Metcalf, K., 403. 
Metcalf, R., 401. 
Miami Medical College, 351. 
Michie, P. S., 378. 



Michigan, University of, 366. 

Middleburv College, 133, 241, 351,402. 

Miller, 407'. 

Miller, O., 401. 

Mills, C, 403. 

Milton, J., 6. 

Minot, B,, 241. 

Monthly Anthology, 223. 

Moody, J., 17, 20. 

Moody, M. J., 357. 

Moody, Samuel, 211, 214. 

Moody, Stephen, 357. 

Moore, J., 244. 

Moore, M. S., 244. 

Moore, Z. S., 90, 241, 244, 246, 247, 248, 

256, 402. 
More, J., 6, 12, 13, 40. 
Morland, W. W., 405. 
Morris, G., 40. 
Morris, G. S., 403. 
Morrison, N. J., 403. 
Morse, 6. 

Morse, H. B., 306. 
Morse, S. F. B., 273, 274, 275. 
Miorton, 304. 
Moseley, S., 12, 20. 
Murch, E., 403. 
Murch, J., 54. 
Mussey, J., 349. 
Mussey, R. D., 127, 266, 267, 272, 278, 

339,343, 344, 345, 349, 350, 351, 352, 

353, 354, 356, 406. 

Narragansett Fort, 13. 
Nason, B., 387. 
Nelson, Jeremiah, 400. 
Nelson, John, 308, 309. 
New Jersey, College of, 13, 23. 
Newman, M., 404. 
Newton, I., 58. 

New York Medical College, 358. 
New York, University of, 273, 366. 
Nicholl, Sir C. G., 380. 
Nicholl, F. C, 380. 
Niebuhr, 199, 206, 207. 
Niles, J. B., 403. 
Niles, N., 89, 394. 
Norris, M., 400. 

Northern Academy, Formation of So- 
ciety of, 161, 311. 
Norton, J., 6, 20. 
Noyes, D. J., 336 
Noyes, E. F., 401. 
Noyes, John, 337, 400. 
Noyes, Josiah, 337, 403, 406. 
Nutting, W., 404. 

Oakes, V. B., 407. 

Occom, S., 12, 13, 14, 23, 26, 27, 42. 

Odlin, W., 17. 

Ohio, Medical College of, 268, 351. 

Olcott. B.. 89. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



471 



Olcott, Mills, 393. 
Oliver, B. L., 265, 266. 
Oliver, D., 87, 256, 263, 266, 267, 268, 
269, 270, 272, 278, 279, 281, 345, 350. 
Oliver, F. E., 405. 
Oliver, H. K., 258. 
Oliver, T., 263. 
Oliver, T. F., 263. 
Orange, Prince of, 78. 
Orcutt, H., 404. 
Ordronaux, J., 403, 406. 
Orr, B., 400. 
Osgood, 350. 
Osgood, H., 350. 

Pacific University, 403. 

Packard, 277. 

Packard, T., 397. 

Packard, W. A., 337. 

Paine, E., 105, 118, 392. 

Palermo, Academy of, 270. 

Palfrey, J. C, 378. 

Palmer, B. R., 406. 

Pancoast, 366. 

Parish, E., 8, 225. 

Park, J., 404, 405. 

Parker, E., 162, 369, 384, 393. 

Parker, E. H., 405. 

Parker, H. E., 337, 365. 

Parker, I., 162. 

Parker, I. A., 403. 

Parker, J., 162, 369, 370, 384, 385, 386, 

394, 400. 
Parker, W., 46. 
Parkhurst, J. L., 287. 
Parks, B., 404. 
Parris, A. K., 189,400. 
Parsons, S., 18. 
Parsons, U., 345, 366. 
Patten, W., 10, 217. 
Patterson, J. W., 186, 328, 336, 371, 

400. 
Payson, E., 241. 
Payson, M. P., 393. 
Payson, S., 394. 
Peabody, D., 298, 304, 306, 307, 308, 

330,331. 
Peabody, J., 304. 
Peabody, L. B., 304. 
Peabodv, S., 310. 
Peasleej C. H., 400. 
Peaslee, E. R., 339, 345, 358, 359, 360, 

361, 362, 40.5, 406. 
Peck, 365. 
Pendexter, E., 329. 
Pendexter, M. A., 329. 
Pennsylvania, University of, 266, 268, 

350. 
Perkins, A. C, 404. 
Perkins, C, 272, 343, 344, 404, 406. 
Perley, L, 186, 337,401. 
Perry, J., 338. 



Peters, A., 405, 407. 

Phelps, A., 45, 46. 

Phelps, E. E., 345, 366. 

Philbrick, J. D., 404. 

Phillips, J., 71, 81, 392. 

Philotechnic Society, Formation of, 

182. 
Physic, 266, 350, 360. 
Physicians and Surgeons, College of, 

273, 364. 
Pickering, J., 267. 
Pierce, D., 51. 
Pierce, P., 404. 
Pike, J., 16, 17, 18. 
Pinneo, B., 397. 
Pinneo, J., 31, 34. 
Pitkin, T., 52. 
Pitkin, W., 52. 
Plumer, W., 100, 101. 
Pomeroy, B., 8, 12, 20, 30, 50, 51. 
Poor, D., 397. 
Pope, A., 235. 
Pope, J., 235. 
Porter, 222. 
Porter, A. L., 406. 
Porter, E., 132, 396, 405. 
Portsmouth, Annals of, 15. 
Potter, 222. 
Powers, P., 20. 
Preble, W. P., 265. 
Prentiss, S., 394. 
Prescott, B. F., 401. 
Preston, J., 228. 
Preston, R., 228. 
Price, 79. 
Prince, 53. 
Proctor, J. C, 337. 
Pulling, E., 267. 
Pulling, M. R., 267. 
Pumpshire, J., 12. 
Punchard, G., 136, 405. 
Putnam, A. B. F., 316. 
Putnam, D., 403. 
Putnam, I. W., 393. 
Putnam, J. N., 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 

321, 322, 323, 324, 326. 
Putnam, S., 316. 
Pynchon, W., 263. 

Quimby, E. T., 337, 375. 
Quimby, G. W., 407. 
Quimby, J. H., 403. 
Quint, A. H., 405. 

Rand, A., 405. 
Rawden, Lord, 79. 
Redfield, L F., 401, 405. 
Redfield, T. P., 401. 
Reed, E. C, 400. 
Reed Hall, Erection of, 161. 
Reed, W., 388, 394. 
Rice, J. H., 304. 



472 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Richards, C. S., 404. 

Richards, J. D. F., 403. 

Richardson, D. F., 403. 

Richardson, J., 400. 

Richardson, W. M., 113. 

Ripley, E. W., 401, 407. 

Ripley, J., 217. 

Ripley, S., 76, 211, 217, 218, 219, 220, 

222, 233. 
Robarts, J., 39. 
Robinson, J., 271. 
Roby, J., 345, 366. 
Rockwell, A., 336. 
Rockwell, R. E., 336. 
RofFey, S., 39. 
Rogers, J., 18, 22. 
Rogers, L., 263. 
Rogers, N. P., 405. 
Root, E., 400. 
Roots, P. P., 397. 
Rose, 78. 
Rosetter, A., 20. 
Resetter, E., 20. 
Ruggles, E. R., 367, 371. 
Rush, B., 266, 350, 353, 354. 
Rush Medical College, 362. 
Ruter, M., 120. 

Salter, R., 20. 

Sanborn, E. D., 163, 336, 405. 

Sanborn, J. S., 401. 

Sandys, Sir E., 2, 3. 

Sargent, J. E., 401. 

Savage, S., 14, 39, 70. 

Sawyer, 211. 

Sawver, A. W., 403. 

Schuyler, P., 31. 

Scott, C. W., 70. 

Scott, T., 381. 

Scott, W., 407. 

Scribner, J. W., 404. 

Sedgwick, 365. 

Sergeant, J., 4, 5, 11. 

Sewall, M., 350. 

Shattuck, B., 389. 

Shattuck, G. C, 162, 389, 406. 

Shattuck, W., 389. 

Shaw, 393. 

Shaw, L. S., 407. 

Shepard, M., 397. 

Shepard, T., 6. 

Shepherd, F., 403. 

Shepley, E., 401. 

Shepley, G. F., 401. 

Sherburne, H., 22. 

Sherburne, J. S., 401, 407. 

Sherman, W. T., 186, 189, 407. 

Shillaber, B. P., 165. 

Shirley, J., 258. 

Shropshire, 6. 

ShurtlefF, A. P., 134. 

ShurtlefF, H. C, 228. 



Shurtleff, R., 89, 90, 112, 133, 135, 140, 
162, 213, 225, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 
233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 
336. 
Shurtleff, W., 228. 
Silliman's Journal, 272. 
Simmons, G. A., 401. 
Sinclair, J. E., 404. 

Sketches of the History of Dartmouth 
College and Moor's Charity School, 
76, 90, 94, 95, 96. 
Sm alley, 9. 
Sraalley, J., 52, 73. 
Smith, A., 339, 345, 362, 363. 
Smith, A. D., 135, 136, 177, 182, 189, 

377, 390, 408. 
Smith, C. J., 24. 
Smith, E., 397. 
Smith, E. P., 211. 
Smith, Jeremiah, 114. 
Smith, Jesse, 406. 
Smith, John, 27, 211, 212, 213, 214, 

215, 216, 217, 223, 233, 397. 
Smith, Joseph, 211. 
Smith, L. A., 406. 
Smith, M. G., 366. 
Smith, N., 339, 340, 341, 342, 344, 345, 

346, 347, 348, 349, 350. 
Smith, N. R., 348. 
Smith, S. A. A., 189. 
Smith, W., 40, 41,42. 
Smith, W. R., 366. 
Smythe, S. S., 39. 
Snell, T., 246. 
Social Friends, Formation of Society 

of, 85, 
Souther, S., 407. 
Spaulding, L., 397. 
Spear, C, 163, 164. 

Spooner, A., 167. 

Spooner, J. P., 167. 

Spotswood, 78. 

Sprague's Annals, 72, 117, 211, 244, 
303, 309, 398. 

Sprague, P., 401. 

Sprague, Z., 222. 

Spring, 277. 

Stacey, 67. 

Standish, M., 8. 

Stanley, R. C, 403. 

Stanwix Fort, 37. 

Stark, J., 76. 

St. Clair, 166. 

Stearns, F., 363. 

Steele, B. H., 401. 

Stevens, G., 286. 

Stevens, S., 30. 

Stevens, T., 398. 

Stiles, E., 58, 88. 

St. Mary's College, 268. 

Stone, 365. 

Stone, S., 6. 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE 



473 



Storrs, J., 53. 

Storrs, S., 53. 

Story, D., 397, 404. 

Storv, J., 195, 264, 265, 385, 386. 

Stoiighton, E. W., 392. 

Stowe, C. E., 10, 243, 283, 336. 

Straghn, 78. 

Strong, Joanna, 313. 

Strong, Jonathan, 313, 397. 

Strong, X., 58. 

Sturtevant, J. M., 402. 

Suhm, C, 99. 

Sullivan, 80, 114. 

Sullivan, G., 394. 

Sumner, C., 385.- 

Swift, Dean, 3. 

Taggart, S., 401. 

Tarbell, 67. 

Tavlor, S. H., 186, 337, 404. 

Ta>lor, T., 218. 

Temple, D., 397. 

Tenney, C. J., 397. 

Tennev, S., 284. 

Thaver, S., 182,376,377, 383,384,407. 

Thaver, T., 316, 324. 

Thomas, 360. 

Thomas, I., 140. 

Thompson, C. 0., 404. 

Thompson, J., 352. 

Thompson, T. W., 105, 106, 107, 394. 

Thornton Hall, Erection of, 256. 

Thornton, J., 39, 78, 381. 

Throop, B., 20. 

Thurston, 165. 

Ticknor, 9. 

Ticknor, E., 338, 404. 

Ticknor, G., 402, 405. 

Tisdale, 9. 

Tisdale, N., 60. 

Torrey, J., 249, 253, 402, 405. 

Townsend, L. T., 398, 405. 

Tracv, C., 403. 

Tracy, E. C., 337, 405. 

Tracv, J., 405. 

Treat, 1. 

Trumbull, 9. 

Trumbull, B., 9, 73, 337. 

Tuck, A., 170, 171, 172, 401. 

Twitchell, A., 362, 406. 

Tvler, B., 126, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 

'l38, 139, 140, 141, 142, 168, 254, 260, 

393, 395, 408. 
Tvler, E. S., 142. 
Txlev, J. E., 133, 135, 136, 406. 
Tyler, W. S., 402. 

Uncas, I., 13. 

Union Theological Seminary, 304. 
United Fraternity, Eormation of Soci- 
ety of, 85. 
Up ham, J. B., 186, 405. 
31 



Upham, T. C, 402, 404. 

Varney, J. R., 337. 
Velpeau, 361. 
Vergennes, Count de, 77. 
Vermont Medical College, 362. 
Vermont, University of, 366, 393, 402. 
Vindication by Trustees, 94. 
Virginia, Stith's History of, 2. 
Virginia, University of, 273. 
Vose, J., 117, 404. 

TTabash College, 403. 

Wainwright, 275. 

Waldron, E. Q. S., 403. 

Waldron, T. W., 22. 

Walker, C. A., 406. 

Walker, J., 384. 

Washburn, P. T., 401. 

Washington, G., 77, 122, 3.54, 392. 

Weare, M., 22. 

Webber, M., 272. 

Webber, S., 272. 

Webster, D., 113, 114, 124, 163, 164, 
185, 189, 202, 248, 254, 258, 386, 393, 
397, 398, 399, 400, 401. 

Webster, Ebenezer, 80. 

Webster, Ezekiel, 138, 248, 393, 400. 

Webster, Josiah, 310. 

Webster, J. C, 403. 

Webster, J. D., 407. 

Wellman, M., 13. 

Wentworth, B., 16, 22, 29. 

Wentworth Hall, Erection of, 256. 

Wentworth, I., 387. 

Wentworth, J., 22, 28, 35, 38, 39, 42, 
43, 45, 46, 47, 51, 63, 65, 70, 79, 81, 
184, 211, 218, 380, 387, 392, 401. 

Wentworth, M. H., 27. 

Wentw^orth, P., 78. 

Wentworth, T., 387, 388. 

West, D., 39. 

Western Reserve College, 330, 331. 

Weston, N., 189, 401. 

West Point Military Academy, 273, 
378, 383, 407. 

West Point Military Academy, Boyn- 
ton's History of, 3*83. 

Wheeler, J., 393, 402. 

Wheelock, 222. 

Wheelock, A., 220. 

Wheelock, E., 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 
18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 
30, 31, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 
46, 47, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 
58, 59, 60, 61, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 
72, 73, 74, 75, 83, 115, 116, 209, 212, 
217, 219, 220, 224, 395, 408. 

Wheelock, J., 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 
88, 89, 94, 96, 97, 99, 100, 116, 118, 
214, 233, 392, 408. 



474 



DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 



Wheelock, Memoirs of, 8, 10, 68, 84, 

214, 219, 223. 
Wheelock, M. B., 71. 
Wheelock, M. S., 79, 99. 
Wheelock, Ralph, 6, 7, 35, 337. 
Wheelock, Rebecca, 6. 
Wheelock, S. D. M., 71. 
Wheelock, Vt., 80. 
Whitaker, N., 20, 23, 26, 27, 35, 42, 45, 

221. 
White, C, 403. 
White, D. A., 100. 
White, J. H., 387. 
White, P., 401. 
White, S., 20. 
White, W., 337. 

Whitefield, G., 25, 26, 27, 30, 56, 222. 
Whitehouse, B., 392. 
Whiting, 36. 
Whiting, S., 8. 
Wight, J., 20. 
Wilberforce, W., 381. 
Wilcox, L., 401. 
Wilde, S. S., 400. 
Wilderness, 407. 
Willard, 30. 
Willard, C. W., 401. 
Willard, J. D., 337, 392. 
Willey, S. H., 403. 
William and Mary's College, 3. 
Williams College, 120, 245, 247, 311, 

402. 
Williams, E., 4, 8, 12, 40. 
Williams, H., 401. 
Williams, J., 67. 
Williams, S., 60- 
Williams, S. W., 345, 366. 
Wilson, W., 401. 
Windham, 7, 8, 12, 13, 20, 31. 
Wines, A., 397. 
Winthrop, 263. 
Wirt, W., 113. 



Wistar, 266, 350. 

Wood, A., 405. 

Wood, H., 337, 405. 

Wood, S., 397. 

Woodbridge, T., 35. 

Woodbury. B., 397. 

Woodbury, L., 398. 

Woodhouse, 350. 

Woodman, A. H. C, 326. 

Woodman, J. S., 316, 326, 327, 328, 

329, 371. 
Woodman, N., 326. 
Woods, A. S., 401. 
Woods, L., 135. 
Woodward, B., 58, 80, 211, 220, 222, 

223, 224, 225, 226. 
Woodward, D., 53. 
Woodward, H., 220. 
Woodward, L, 31, 34, 220. 
Woodward, M. S., 220. 
Woodward, W. G., 401. 
Woodward, W. H., 112, 114. 
Woolley, J., 12, 13. 
Woi'cester, E., 337. 
Worcester, N., 406. 
Worcester, S., 233, 310, 396. 
Wright, A. H., 397. 
Wright, J., 37, 53, 54. 
Wright, N., 53. 
Wvllis. 45. 
Wyllis, G., 42. 

Yale College, 4, 8, 12, 41, 48, 50, 58, 59, 
88, 220, 223, 250, 349, 358, 371. 

Young, C. A., 337. 

Young, C. K., 255. 

Young, I., 276, 290, 291, 293, 294, 295, 
296, 298, 329, 330. 

Young, J. K., 387. 

Young, R. B., 290. 

Young, S., 290. 



ERRATA. 

Page 22, for Mlshech, read Mesliecli. 

53, for relation, read relative. 

60, for Simeon, read Simon. 

65, for M'C/rtre, read M'Clure. 
136, for Meadville College, read Meadville Theological Seminary. 
182, for Alphceus, read Alpheus. 
222, for consideratio, read consideratis. 
241, for nineteen, read fifteen. 
303, for Furhur, read Furher. 
349, for Elizabeth, read Elisabeth. 
420, for Brompton, read Brampton. 
420, for Calumpton, read Columpton. 
439, for Bultell, read Bulteel. 



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